{ "activities": [ { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "75-07-0", "chemical": "acetaldehyde", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Acetaldehyde 99.9 wt% to storage, from Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) (dataset acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity acetaldehyde-1:acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a:product:PROD. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 65.3, "heat rejected": 7141.6, "steam": 3766.0 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:BRINE": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 14892.09, "out": 14892.15, "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.06, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "acetic-anhydride-1:acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept:product:AC2O", "dataset": { "id": "acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept", "path": "processes/acetic-anhydride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Acetic anhydride by acetic acid cracking to ketene (50 kt/a, concept)", "uuid": "89a06626-c94a-560a-8599-58b3a206c3c7", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Acetic anhydride by acetic acid cracking to ketene (50 kt/a, concept), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "acetic-anhydride-1:acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept:product:AC2O" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/89a06626-c94a-560a-8599-58b3a206c3c7.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "89a06626-c94a-560a-8599-58b3a206c3c7" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "acetic-anhydride-1:acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept:product:AC2O" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.2457776, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; 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D-011)", "streams": [ "Q8", "Q10" ], "title": "MP steam 1500 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.11181911616, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.008312, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S20 (D-008)", "streams": [ "S20" ], "title": "Distillation residue (heavy ends, liquid) to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.79005502519, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.1908016, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; 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system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q3, Q5, Q9, Q11, Q13 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q3", "Q5", "Q9", "Q11", "Q13" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.089167717083, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.049392, "carrier": "cold, brine -10 C, -10 degC", "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'chilled-water'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:BRINE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "E-102 brine condensers Q4 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q4" ], "title": "Brine -10 C (refrigeration) return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.00796681122, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethylene", "uuid": "90f722bf-cb9b-571a-88fc-34286632bdc4" }, "key": "emission:C2H4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt ethylene, 0 kg under complete combustion (D-010); see I-05", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "C2H4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt methane, 0 kg under complete combustion (D-010); not estimated, see emission_exclusions furnace-pollutants", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "carbon monoxide, 0 kg under complete combustion (D-010); not estimated, see emission_exclusions furnace-pollutants (I-05)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.195130902919, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "CO2 of natural gas combustion and of the vent gas (cracking by-products CH4, CO2, CO, ethylene and unabsorbed ketene); the vent carbon comes from the acetic acid, fossil when the acid is made from natural-gas methanol and CO (ASSUMED, D-014)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.63408464862, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of KET (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:KET", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt ketene, 0 kg under complete combustion (D-010); see I-05", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "KET to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 50000000.0, "source": "product:AC2O per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "acetic acid cracking to ketene at 700 C / 36 kPa(a) with triethyl phosphate, ammonia quench, condensation to -5 C, reactive absorption of ketene in acetic acid, two-column distillation, dilute acid recovery; furnace fired with natural gas and the vent gas; 50 kt/a, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "acetic-anhydride-1", "process_title": "Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:AC2O", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Acetic anhydride 99.5 wt% to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.153 % AC2O (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "Economic allocation (common for this co-product pair) is not applied: no prices at the concept stage. System expansion is not applied: neither product is made by an alternative route at scale that could be credited without its own study (phenol without acetone has no commercial route in Europe, LVOC 8.2.1).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.386013988075, "source": "study" }, "cas": "67-64-1", "chemical": "acetone", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Acetone product, from Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (dataset phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:ACETONE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 1.087949734 }, "in": 29891.965915387, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 29891.965915387 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 29892.632549727, "outputs": { "emissions": 1.087949734, "outputs": 1026.114482724, "products": 28865.430117269 }, "problems": [], "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -0.666634339, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage-tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tar-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:vacuum-vents": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 29891.965915387, "out": 29892.632549727, "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -0.666634339 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 3494.170396067, "out": 3494.248274663, "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -0.077878596 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 36808.222159829, "out": 36808.20687123, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.015288599 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 46.862882216, "out": 46.862966037, "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -8.3821e-05 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 12236.109454234, "out": 12235.952681729, "relative": 1.3e-05, "residual": 0.156772505 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 32.677192267, "out": 32.675656615, "relative": 4.7e-05, "residual": 0.001535652 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 4750.0, "heat rejected": 62833.0, "steam": 34743.0 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:VENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 82510.008, "out": 82510.579, "relative": -7e-06, "residual": -0.571, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:ACETONE", "dataset": { "id": "phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route", "path": "processes/acetone-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Phenol and acetone from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route)", "uuid": "221769aa-2c36-516c-b750-55e928d8a00f", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Phenol and acetone from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:ACETONE" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/221769aa-2c36-516c-b750-55e928d8a00f.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "221769aa-2c36-516c-b750-55e928d8a00f" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.816277211246, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CUM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh cumene S01 (D-001)", "streams": [ "S01" ], "title": "Fresh cumene (from a cumene unit)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.203001262045, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000588640669353, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:H2F", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure", "reference_product": "hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "hydrogen S26 (D-008)", "streams": [ "S26" ], "title": "Hydrogen (hydrogen-1 or site header)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.43769462949, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00250506292865, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:ACID", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for sulfuric acid", "reference_product": "sulfuric acid" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "sulfuric acid S12 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S12" ], "title": "Sulfuric acid 98 wt%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.98944142354, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00400466236418, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sodium-hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NAOH50", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "caustic soda S14 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S14" ], "title": "Caustic soda 50 wt% (chlor-alkali-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.52029600559, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.024559440477, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:PW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "wash water S30 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S30" ], "title": "Process water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.70665895784, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.116657342266, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "air compressor and vacuum/pump shares Q01-Q03 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q01", "Q02", "Q03" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.1485143398, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.233683076139, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 151.83 degC, 5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "CHP concentration Q04 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q04" ], "title": "LP steam 500 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.45378945709, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.619585564354, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 207.15 degC, 18 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fractionation reboilers Q05-Q08 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q05", "Q06", "Q07", "Q08" ], "title": "MP steam 1800 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.478704469042, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0286331148689, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:TAR", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "tar and acetophenone S25 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S25" ], "title": "Tar and acetophenone to fuel", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.55319136841, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0393616608469, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "brine S16 and acetone column bottoms S21 (D-008, D-009); a LOWER BOUND (64 kg/t phenol against S1 8.3.5 water 1-4 t/t): cleavage dilution water, cumene caustic wash and phenol recovery are not modelled (D-016, I-11)", "streams": [ "S16", "S21" ], "title": "Aqueous effluent to waste water treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.23496301137, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.54314332349, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "heat to cooling water Q09-Q18 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q09", "Q10", "Q11", "Q12", "Q13", "Q14", "Q15", "Q16", "Q17", "Q18" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.433821455321, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.97092729571e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Cumene", "uuid": "a192f5ac-fb5d-4e14-ac11-3c38283da9d0" }, "key": "emission:CUM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "residual VOC after the adsorbers counted as cumene, 35 mg C/Nm3 (LVOC BREF 8.3.1.1, D-010)", "streams": [ "S08", "S28" ], "title": "CUM to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.4240513401, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.52341816328e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "hydrogenation flash vent, 1 Nm3/t phenol (LVOC BREF 8.3.1.4, D-008)", "streams": [ "S08", "S28" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.80392856385, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 2, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "1920", "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 125740320.0, "source": "product:ACETONE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "cumene air oxidation (dry, 500 kPa(a)), vacuum CHP concentration to 80 wt%, sulfuric acid cleavage, caustic neutralisation, four-column fractionation, AMS hydrogenation to cumene; 200 kt/a phenol, 126 kt/a acetone, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol)", "preliminary": true, "process": "acetone-1", "process_title": "Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:ACETONE", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Acetone product", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7 % ACET (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "Economic allocation (common for this co-product pair) is not applied: no prices at the concept stage. System expansion is not applied: neither product is made by an alternative route at scale that could be credited without its own study (phenol without acetone has no commercial route in Europe, LVOC 8.2.1).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.613986011925, "source": "study" }, "cas": "108-95-2", "chemical": "phenol", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Phenol product, from Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (dataset phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:PHENOL. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 1.087949734 }, "in": 29891.965915387, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 29891.965915387 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 29892.632549727, "outputs": { "emissions": 1.087949734, "outputs": 1026.114482724, "products": 28865.430117269 }, "problems": [], "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -0.666634339, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage-tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tar-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:vacuum-vents": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 29891.965915387, "out": 29892.632549727, "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -0.666634339 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 3494.170396067, "out": 3494.248274663, "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -0.077878596 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 36808.222159829, "out": 36808.20687123, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.015288599 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 46.862882216, "out": 46.862966037, "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -8.3821e-05 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 12236.109454234, "out": 12235.952681729, "relative": 1.3e-05, "residual": 0.156772505 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 32.677192267, "out": 32.675656615, "relative": 4.7e-05, "residual": 0.001535652 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 4750.0, "heat rejected": 62833.0, "steam": 34743.0 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:VENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 82510.008, "out": 82510.579, "relative": -7e-06, "residual": -0.571, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:PHENOL", "dataset": { "id": "phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route", "path": "processes/acetone-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Phenol and acetone from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route)", "uuid": "221769aa-2c36-516c-b750-55e928d8a00f", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Phenol and acetone from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:PHENOL" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/221769aa-2c36-516c-b750-55e928d8a00f.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "221769aa-2c36-516c-b750-55e928d8a00f" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.816277211246, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CUM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh cumene S01 (D-001)", "streams": [ "S01" ], "title": "Fresh cumene (from a cumene unit)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.203001262045, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000588640669353, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:H2F", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure", "reference_product": "hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "hydrogen S26 (D-008)", "streams": [ "S26" ], "title": "Hydrogen (hydrogen-1 or site header)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.43769462949, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00250506292865, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:ACID", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for sulfuric acid", "reference_product": "sulfuric acid" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "sulfuric acid S12 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S12" ], "title": "Sulfuric acid 98 wt%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.98944142354, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00400466236418, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sodium-hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NAOH50", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "caustic soda S14 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S14" ], "title": "Caustic soda 50 wt% (chlor-alkali-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.52029600559, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.024559440477, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:PW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "wash water S30 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S30" ], "title": "Process water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.70665895784, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.116657342266, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "air compressor and vacuum/pump shares Q01-Q03 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q01", "Q02", "Q03" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.1485143398, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.233683076139, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 151.83 degC, 5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "CHP concentration Q04 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q04" ], "title": "LP steam 500 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.45378945709, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.619585564354, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 207.15 degC, 18 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fractionation reboilers Q05-Q08 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q05", "Q06", "Q07", "Q08" ], "title": "MP steam 1800 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.478704469042, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0286331148689, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:TAR", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "tar and acetophenone S25 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S25" ], "title": "Tar and acetophenone to fuel", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.55319136841, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0393616608469, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "brine S16 and acetone column bottoms S21 (D-008, D-009); a LOWER BOUND (64 kg/t phenol against S1 8.3.5 water 1-4 t/t): cleavage dilution water, cumene caustic wash and phenol recovery are not modelled (D-016, I-11)", "streams": [ "S16", "S21" ], "title": "Aqueous effluent to waste water treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.23496301137, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.54314332349, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "heat to cooling water Q09-Q18 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q09", "Q10", "Q11", "Q12", "Q13", "Q14", "Q15", "Q16", "Q17", "Q18" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.433821455321, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.97092729571e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Cumene", "uuid": "a192f5ac-fb5d-4e14-ac11-3c38283da9d0" }, "key": "emission:CUM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "residual VOC after the adsorbers counted as cumene, 35 mg C/Nm3 (LVOC BREF 8.3.1.1, D-010)", "streams": [ "S08", "S28" ], "title": "CUM to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.4240513401, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.52341816328e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "hydrogenation flash vent, 1 Nm3/t phenol (LVOC BREF 8.3.1.4, D-008)", "streams": [ "S08", "S28" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.80392856385, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 2, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "1920", "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 125740320.0, "source": "product:ACETONE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "cumene air oxidation (dry, 500 kPa(a)), vacuum CHP concentration to 80 wt%, sulfuric acid cleavage, caustic neutralisation, four-column fractionation, AMS hydrogenation to cumene; 200 kt/a phenol, 126 kt/a acetone, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol)", "preliminary": true, "process": "acetone-1", "process_title": "Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:PHENOL", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Phenol product", "state": "3 bar(a), 60 degC, 100 % PHEN (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "energy", "reason": "Preliminary choice of the concept study (D-013): no prices of acetylene and synthesis gas are sourced yet, so the library's price-ratio step cannot be evaluated; energy (LHV) is used as the physical relationship of two fuel-grade gases. To be revisited with sourced prices or a substitution credit for the synthesis gas; dataset.yaml stays unallocated.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.27006755604, "source": "study" }, "cas": "74-86-2", "chemical": "acetylene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Acetylene to the consumers (1.2 bar(a)), from Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (dataset acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 2048.687923855 }, "in": 21663.031900089, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 21663.031900089 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 21663.109258391, "outputs": { "emissions": 2048.687923855, "outputs": 296.679339291, "products": 19317.741995245 }, "problems": [], "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.077358302, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-hydrocarbons": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:heater-nox": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:quench-water-open-surfaces": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 647.045873256, "out": 647.046822985, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.000949729 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 21663.031900089, "out": 21663.109258391, "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.077358302 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 7233.812286083, "out": 7233.811908056, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.000378026 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 26011.583886907, "out": 26011.603909035, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.020022128 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 42860.871087071, "out": 42859.782131433, "relative": 2.5e-05, "residual": 1.088955638 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 9551.5, "heat rejected": 111417.4, "steam": 6917.8 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:STEAM": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 98416.345, "out": 98415.354, "relative": 1e-05, "residual": 0.991, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE", "dataset": { "id": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "path": "processes/acetylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h acetylene, synthesis-gas co-product)", "uuid": "64c5d91c-69bf-546d-8cdf-206f38196f30", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h acetylene, synthesis-gas co-product), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/64c5d91c-69bf-546d-8cdf-206f38196f30.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "64c5d91c-69bf-546d-8cdf-206f38196f30" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.27822030782, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S1 (scripts/balance.py, D-003, D-005)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Natural gas (pipeline)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.245468725934, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.50599696703, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names oxygen only; oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5 (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:OXY", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S3 (D-003, D-005)", "streams": [ "S3" ], "title": "Oxygen 99.5 mol% (air separation unit, e.g. asu-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.409455115451, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00872557919668, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:FUELNG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S42 (D-011)", "streams": [ "S42" ], "title": "Natural-gas support fuel", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.74149642952, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000537120021069, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:NMP", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S24, 2 g/kg acetylene (ASSUMED, D-009)", "streams": [ "S24" ], "title": "NMP make-up", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.52928898551, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.4104241505, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q1 (cracked-gas compressor), Q2 (solvent pumps), Q3 (circuit-water pumps), Q4 (ESP), Q5 (vacuum pump), Q6 (air fan); D-007, D-012", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4", "Q5", "Q6" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.890564140609, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.29725511054, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 187.95 degC, 12 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:STEAM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q20 (acetylene stripper) and Q21 (hot-stripper reboiler, net of the 2.8 MW raised in the fired heater, Q12); D-012", "streams": [ "Q20", "Q21" ], "title": "MP steam 1200 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.21316455083, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.730341428969, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "flowsheet stream S51 (D-006)", "streams": [ "S51" ], "title": "Quench-water purge to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.314243143266, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.124552203081, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SLUDGE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S50 (D-006; soot from US5824834A)", "streams": [ "S50" ], "title": "Soot sludge to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.0830303491, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000483408018963, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S21 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S21" ], "title": "Solvent regeneration residue to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.63464950116, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.78756129884, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q30 (circuit-water cooler, quench heat), Q31/Q32 (compressor coolers), Q33 (lean solvent cooler); D-006, D-007, D-009", "streams": [ "Q30", "Q31", "Q32", "Q33" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.56602115836, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.08648841432e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethyne", "uuid": "42a2f3e7-5393-4a69-9b0b-f70a9139ee24" }, "key": "emission:C2H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt acetylene, 0.05 % (ASSUMED, D-011)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "C2H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.0800280896, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.45847518854e-05, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of C4H2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:C4H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt higher acetylenes (as diacetylene), 0.05 % (ASSUMED, D-011); NMVOC", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "C4H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.6133841493, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.64408513452e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Benzene", "uuid": "28999907-a8a7-45b3-857e-836495ca2aa0" }, "key": "emission:C6H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt aromatics (as benzene), 0.05 % (ASSUMED, D-011)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "C6H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.0157413847, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.21367844725e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt methane, 0.05 % of the fuel methane (ASSUMED, D-011)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.3771745513, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.05217106748e-07, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "CO not burnt: 0.05 % of the flash-gas CO (99.95 % burnout ASSUMED, D-011); CO formed by incomplete combustion not estimated", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.0672399382, "scale": 0.877455309391 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.322390963698, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "CO2 from burning the higher acetylenes, aromatics, flash gas and support natural gas in the fired heater (D-011); all carbon is fossil (natural gas)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.13199029697, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.34280723656e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone", "uuid": "bc97db5d-196f-4413-8d9b-ed5c8a0e0ce9" }, "key": "emission:NMP", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt NMP of the off-gas, 0.05 % (ASSUMED, D-011)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "NMP to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -18.1259183687, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site with natural gas, oxygen (air separation) and synthesis-gas users, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 50280672.0, "source": "product:ACETYLENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Partial oxidation of natural gas with 99.5 % oxygen in a BASF-type burner (600 C preheat, about 1700 C flame), water quench, cooling column, wet ESP, closed quench-water circuit with vacuum degassing, three-stage compression to 11 bar(a), NMP absorption and stripping; 6.25 t/h acetylene, synthesis gas co-product", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)", "preliminary": true, "process": "acetylene-1", "process_title": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:ACETYLENE", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Acetylene to the consumers (1.2 bar(a))", "state": "gas, 1.2 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.5512 % C2H2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "energy", "reason": "Preliminary choice of the concept study (D-013): no prices of acetylene and synthesis gas are sourced yet, so the library's price-ratio step cannot be evaluated; energy (LHV) is used as the physical relationship of two fuel-grade gases. To be revisited with sourced prices or a substitution credit for the synthesis gas; dataset.yaml stays unallocated.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.72993244396, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": "synthesis-gas", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Synthesis gas (H2/CO) to the consumers, from Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (dataset acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 2048.687923855 }, "in": 21663.031900089, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 21663.031900089 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 21663.109258391, "outputs": { "emissions": 2048.687923855, "outputs": 296.679339291, "products": 19317.741995245 }, "problems": [], "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.077358302, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-hydrocarbons": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:heater-nox": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:quench-water-open-surfaces": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 647.045873256, "out": 647.046822985, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.000949729 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 21663.031900089, "out": 21663.109258391, "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.077358302 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 7233.812286083, "out": 7233.811908056, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.000378026 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 26011.583886907, "out": 26011.603909035, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.020022128 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 42860.871087071, "out": 42859.782131433, "relative": 2.5e-05, "residual": 1.088955638 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 9551.5, "heat rejected": 111417.4, "steam": 6917.8 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:STEAM": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 98416.345, "out": 98415.354, "relative": 1e-05, "residual": 0.991, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS", "dataset": { "id": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "path": "processes/acetylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h acetylene, synthesis-gas co-product)", "uuid": "64c5d91c-69bf-546d-8cdf-206f38196f30", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h acetylene, synthesis-gas co-product), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/64c5d91c-69bf-546d-8cdf-206f38196f30.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "64c5d91c-69bf-546d-8cdf-206f38196f30" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.600073406964, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S1 (scripts/balance.py, D-003, D-005)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Natural gas (pipeline)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.51070328631, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.707005455442, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names oxygen only; oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5 (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:OXY", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S3 (D-003, D-005)", "streams": [ "S3" ], "title": "Oxygen 99.5 mol% (air separation unit, e.g. asu-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.34671689679, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00409631110088, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:FUELNG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S42 (D-011)", "streams": [ "S42" ], "title": "Natural-gas support fuel", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.49766844177, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00025215640764, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:NMP", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S24, 2 g/kg acetylene (ASSUMED, D-009)", "streams": [ "S24" ], "title": "NMP make-up", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.28546099775, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.192677754206, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q1 (cracked-gas compressor), Q2 (solvent pumps), Q3 (circuit-water pumps), Q4 (ESP), Q5 (vacuum pump), Q6 (air fan); D-007, D-012", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4", "Q5", "Q6" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.64673615285, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.139549407742, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 187.95 degC, 12 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:STEAM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q20 (acetylene stripper) and Q21 (hot-stripper reboiler, net of the 2.8 MW raised in the fired heater, Q12); D-012", "streams": [ "Q20", "Q21" ], "title": "MP steam 1200 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.96933656306, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.342866145099, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "flowsheet stream S51 (D-006)", "streams": [ "S51" ], "title": "Quench-water purge to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.07041515551, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0584722871249, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SLUDGE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S50 (D-006; soot from US5824834A)", "streams": [ "S50" ], "title": "Soot sludge to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.83920236135, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000226940766876, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S21 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S21" ], "title": "Solvent regeneration residue to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.39082151341, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.24756890661, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q30 (circuit-water cooler, quench heat), Q31/Q32 (compressor coolers), Q33 (lean solvent cooler); D-006, D-007, D-009", "streams": [ "Q30", "Q31", "Q32", "Q33" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.809849146119, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 9.79523016272e-07, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethyne", "uuid": "42a2f3e7-5393-4a69-9b0b-f70a9139ee24" }, "key": "emission:C2H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt acetylene, 0.05 % (ASSUMED, D-011)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "C2H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.8362001019, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.15415595676e-05, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of C4H2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:C4H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt higher acetylenes (as diacetylene), 0.05 % (ASSUMED, D-011); NMVOC", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "C4H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.3695561615, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 7.71832337488e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Benzene", "uuid": "28999907-a8a7-45b3-857e-836495ca2aa0" }, "key": "emission:C6H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt aromatics (as benzene), 0.05 % (ASSUMED, D-011)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "C6H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.7719133969, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.97815381764e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt methane, 0.05 % of the fuel methane (ASSUMED, D-011)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.1333465636, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.9395231269e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "CO not burnt: 0.05 % of the flash-gas CO (99.95 % burnout ASSUMED, D-011); CO formed by incomplete combustion not estimated", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.8234119504, "scale": 0.877455309391 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.151349687356, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "CO2 from burning the higher acetylenes, aromatics, flash gas and support natural gas in the fired heater (D-011); all carbon is fossil (natural gas)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.88816230922, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 6.30394391645e-09, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone", "uuid": "bc97db5d-196f-4413-8d9b-ed5c8a0e0ce9" }, "key": "emission:NMP", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "unburnt NMP of the off-gas, 0.05 % (ASSUMED, D-011)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "NMP to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -18.8820903809, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site with natural gas, oxygen (air separation) and synthesis-gas users, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 50280672.0, "source": "product:ACETYLENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Partial oxidation of natural gas with 99.5 % oxygen in a BASF-type burner (600 C preheat, about 1700 C flame), water quench, cooling column, wet ESP, closed quench-water circuit with vacuum degassing, three-stage compression to 11 bar(a), NMP absorption and stripping; 6.25 t/h acetylene, synthesis gas co-product", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)", "preliminary": true, "process": "acetylene-1", "process_title": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:SYNGAS", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Synthesis gas (H2/CO) to the consumers", "state": "gas, 10.7 bar(a), 35 degC, 61.1353 % H2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "1344-28-1", "chemical": "aluminium-oxide", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Aluminium oxide, Smelter-grade alumina to storage, from Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (dataset alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 5240.725094225 }, "in": 5240.728043383, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 5240.728043383 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 5240.725094225, "outputs": { "emissions": 5240.725094225 }, "problems": [], "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.002949158, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:calciner-pollutants": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:liquor-tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina", "elements": { "Al": { "closed": true, "in": 71047.154631753, "out": 71047.153513706, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.001118047 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 5240.728043383, "out": 5240.725094225, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.002949158 }, "Ca": { "closed": true, "in": 4645.523119996, "out": 4645.520601193, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.002518802 }, "Fe": { "closed": true, "in": 21030.503129362, "out": 21030.488311177, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.014818185 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 15101.253067079, "out": 15101.251411197, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.001655882 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 106659.62118, "out": 106659.64551865, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.02433865 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 1112.22466685, "out": 1112.220958795, "relative": 3e-06, "residual": 0.003708055 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 216631.931563689, "out": 216631.915100941, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.016462748 }, "Si": { "closed": true, "in": 871.974027755, "out": 871.978081717, "relative": -5e-06, "residual": -0.004053962 }, "Ti": { "closed": true, "in": 4748.786570132, "out": 4748.778775015, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.007795117 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 19000.0, "heat rejected": 70876.4, "steam": 83958.7 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 447089.7, "out": 447089.67727181, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.02272819, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU", "dataset": { "id": "alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina", "path": "processes/alumina-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina)", "uuid": "43e89365-e22b-5443-9aef-4b59904535d8", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/43e89365-e22b-5443-9aef-4b59904535d8.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "43e89365-e22b-5443-9aef-4b59904535d8" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 2.1933536, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:BX", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S1 (scripts/bayer_balance.py, D-003, D-004)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Bauxite, gibbsitic (Guinea, Debele type), crushed", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.785431696748, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.052, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:LIME", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S2: 52 kg/t alumina (IAI 2019 LCI report, D-004)", "streams": [ "S2" ], "title": "Quicklime", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.9565115604, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.03096, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:RES", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S23 (D-005)", "streams": [ "S23" ], "title": "Bauxite residue filter cake to the residue storage area (dry stacking)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.276462052945, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.5670112, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q4 + Q5 + Q6 (D-007)", "streams": [ "Q4", "Q5", "Q6" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.567376222363, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.153618563431, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "CO2 from natural gas combustion in the calciner (fossil carbon); no carbonate carbon is carried by the model (D-006)", "streams": [ "S37" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.8732826099, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 3, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2420" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2420" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); Guinean gibbsitic bauxite (D-003); no regional background linked" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 1050000000.0, "source": "product:ALU per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Bayer process, low-temperature digestion (418 K) of gibbsitic bauxite, pre-desilication, settler and 6-stage CCD washing, residue filter presses (dry stacking), seeded precipitation, multiple-effect evaporation, gas suspension calciner on natural gas; 3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "alumina-1", "process_title": "Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:ALU", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Aluminium oxide, Smelter-grade alumina to storage", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 80 degC, 99 % Al2O3 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "D-021: no co-product price is recorded, so the WBCSD price ratio is unknown, and mass allocation would charge 0.88 kg of steam per kg NH3 with 47 % of the gas, feed and emissions of an ammonia plant. Exergy is the physical relationship between the products.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.940059562733, "source": "study" }, "cas": "7664-41-7", "chemical": "ammonia", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Liquid ammonia product (refrigerated, to the battery limit), from Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) (dataset ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 26567.217777849 }, "in": 26573.068978335, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 26573.068978335 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 26571.352998063, "outputs": { "emissions": 26567.217777849, "products": 4.135220215 }, "problems": [], "relative": 6.5e-05, "residual": 1.715980272, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:co2-vent-co-absorption": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:furnace-incomplete-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 3048.466716546, "out": 3048.519866211, "relative": -1.7e-05, "residual": -0.053149664 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 26573.068978335, "out": 26571.352998063, "relative": 6.5e-05, "residual": 1.715980272 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 20966.752534243, "out": 20965.545397395, "relative": 5.8e-05, "residual": 1.207136848 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 178931.448360699, "out": 178932.46907037, "relative": -6e-06, "residual": -1.020709671 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 152639.683611194, "out": 152639.422730433, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.260880762 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 36770.84966, "heat rejected": 136534.261 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CO2V": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 382159.42, "out": 382157.31, "relative": 6e-06, "residual": 2.11, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3", "dataset": { "id": "ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop", "path": "processes/ammonia-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Ammonia from natural gas, 1500 t/d (steam reforming, air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "uuid": "13401756-15c9-5082-831d-0551355dbc05", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Ammonia from natural gas, 1500 t/d (steam reforming, air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/13401756-15c9-5082-831d-0551355dbc05.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "13401756-15c9-5082-831d-0551355dbc05" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.536385661191, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (given, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "flowsheet S1 (S3 process feed + S2 furnace fuel)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Natural gas (feed and fuel)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.622901859492, "scale": 0.348524878667 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.65299903291, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:DMW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (given, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "flowsheet S70 (steam system) + S26 (CO2 removal make-up)", "streams": [ "S26", "S70" ], "title": "Demineralised water make-up", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.502591233787, "scale": 0.348524878667 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.553318278851, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet Q1, Q11, Q12, Q17, Q20, Q22, Q27, Q31 (all drives electric, D-016)", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q37", "Q11", "Q12", "Q17", "Q20", "Q22", "Q32", "Q35", "Q27", "Q31", "Q36" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.591821893566, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0471686537821, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:BD", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet S69, 2 % of steam raised (D-015)", "streams": [ "S69" ], "title": "Boiler blowdown", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.0540257218, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.05453240812, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet Q2, Q16, Q18, Q19, Q21, Q24, Q28", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q16", "Q18", "Q19", "Q21", "Q24", "Q33", "Q28" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.72004828343, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOT ESTIMATED, 0 only because complete combustion is ASSUMED (D-014); open input I-07 (emission_exclusions below)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Propane", "uuid": "3a6c936c-0276-4f11-9d98-1bd011387a6e" }, "key": "emission:C3H8", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOT ESTIMATED, 0 only because complete combustion is ASSUMED (D-014); open input I-07 (emission_exclusions below)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "C3H8 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 6.48076728484e-10, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOT ESTIMATED, not a measured zero: 0 only because complete combustion (D-014) and no CO2-vent co-absorption (D-009) are ASSUMED; furnace slip and vent CH4 are open input I-07 (emission_exclusions below)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -21.1570120184, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.77234393803e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0 in this design (complete combustion ASSUMED, D-014); furnace CO is open input I-07", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -17.4009875946, "scale": 0.883505703702 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.46480477803, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "process CO2 (vent) and combustion CO2 (stack) from natural gas carbon; includes the atmospheric CO2 of the process and combustion air (about 0.2 % of the total), counted as fossil (ASSUMED, D-020)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.381721976272, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 8.77575331476e-07, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOT ESTIMATED, not a measured zero: 0 only because complete combustion (D-014) and no CO2-vent co-absorption (D-009) are ASSUMED; open input I-07 (emission_exclusions below)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.9461030375, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Ammonia", "uuid": "0f440cc0-0f74-446d-99d6-8ff0e97a2444" }, "key": "emission:NH3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0 in this design (tail-gas NH3 burnt, D-013, D-014); NH3 slip and fugitive NH3 are open input I-07", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "NH3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2012" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2012" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Hypothetical Rotterdam-area site (issue #304); no site data are used, the location code only names where the background should later be taken from" }, "location": "NL" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 499774400.0, "source": "product:NH3 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "steam methane reforming with air-blown secondary reformer, HT/LT shift, aMDEA CO2 removal (CO2 vented), methanation, 150 bar Haber-Bosch loop with purge recovery; electric drives, MP steam export", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "NL", "name": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "preliminary": false, "process": "ammonia-1", "process_title": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:NH3", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Liquid ammonia product (refrigerated, to the battery limit)", "state": "1.1 bar(a), -33 degC, 99.9812 % NH3 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "hydrazine-1:hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process:product:HH", "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN", "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2", "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO3" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "D-021: no co-product price is recorded, so the WBCSD price ratio is unknown, and mass allocation would charge 0.88 kg of steam per kg NH3 with 47 % of the gas, feed and emissions of an ammonia plant. Exergy is the physical relationship between the products.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0599404372667, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": "steam", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "MP steam export (4600 kPa(a), 673 K), from Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) (dataset ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:STEAM. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 26567.217777849 }, "in": 26573.068978335, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 26573.068978335 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 26571.352998063, "outputs": { "emissions": 26567.217777849, "products": 4.135220215 }, "problems": [], "relative": 6.5e-05, "residual": 1.715980272, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:co2-vent-co-absorption": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:furnace-incomplete-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 3048.466716546, "out": 3048.519866211, "relative": -1.7e-05, "residual": -0.053149664 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 26573.068978335, "out": 26571.352998063, "relative": 6.5e-05, "residual": 1.715980272 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 20966.752534243, "out": 20965.545397395, "relative": 5.8e-05, "residual": 1.207136848 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 178931.448360699, "out": 178932.46907037, "relative": -6e-06, "residual": -1.020709671 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 152639.683611194, "out": 152639.422730433, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.260880762 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 36770.84966, "heat rejected": 136534.261 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CO2V": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 382159.42, "out": 382157.31, "relative": 6e-06, "residual": 2.11, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:STEAM", "dataset": { "id": "ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop", "path": "processes/ammonia-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Ammonia from natural gas, 1500 t/d (steam reforming, air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "uuid": "13401756-15c9-5082-831d-0551355dbc05", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Ammonia from natural gas, 1500 t/d (steam reforming, air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:STEAM" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/13401756-15c9-5082-831d-0551355dbc05.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "13401756-15c9-5082-831d-0551355dbc05" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.0335274246866, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (given, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "flowsheet S1 (S3 process feed + S2 furnace fuel)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Natural gas (feed and fuel)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.3953915277, "scale": 0.348524878667 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.103322673578, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:DMW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (given, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "flowsheet S70 (steam system) + S26 (CO2 removal make-up)", "streams": [ "S26", "S70" ], "title": "Demineralised water make-up", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.26989843441, "scale": 0.348524878667 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0345858181233, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet Q1, Q11, Q12, Q17, Q20, Q22, Q27, Q31 (all drives electric, D-016)", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q37", "Q11", "Q12", "Q17", "Q20", "Q22", "Q32", "Q35", "Q27", "Q31", "Q36" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.36431156177, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00294833289118, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:BD", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet S69, 2 % of steam raised (D-015)", "streams": [ "S69" ], "title": "Boiler blowdown", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.82651539001, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.128420995495, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet Q2, Q16, Q18, Q19, Q21, Q24, Q28", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q16", "Q18", "Q19", "Q21", "Q24", "Q33", "Q28" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.05244138478, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOT ESTIMATED, 0 only because complete combustion is ASSUMED (D-014); open input I-07 (emission_exclusions below)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Propane", "uuid": "3a6c936c-0276-4f11-9d98-1bd011387a6e" }, "key": "emission:C3H8", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOT ESTIMATED, 0 only because complete combustion is ASSUMED (D-014); open input I-07 (emission_exclusions below)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "C3H8 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.05088078923e-11, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOT ESTIMATED, not a measured zero: 0 only because complete combustion (D-014) and no CO2-vent co-absorption (D-009) are ASSUMED; furnace slip and vent CH4 are open input I-07 (emission_exclusions below)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -23.9295016866, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.73288660217e-09, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0 in this design (complete combustion ASSUMED, D-014); furnace CO is open input I-07", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -20.1734772628, "scale": 0.883505703702 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0915593675023, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "process CO2 (vent) and combustion CO2 (stack) from natural gas carbon; includes the atmospheric CO2 of the process and combustion air (about 0.2 % of the total), counted as fossil (ASSUMED, D-020)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.39076769193, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.48538914474e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOT ESTIMATED, not a measured zero: 0 only because complete combustion (D-014) and no CO2-vent co-absorption (D-009) are ASSUMED; open input I-07 (emission_exclusions below)", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.7185927057, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Ammonia", "uuid": "0f440cc0-0f74-446d-99d6-8ff0e97a2444" }, "key": "emission:NH3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0 in this design (tail-gas NH3 burnt, D-013, D-014); NH3 slip and fugitive NH3 are open input I-07", "streams": [ "S28", "S87", "S67" ], "title": "NH3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2012" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2012" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Hypothetical Rotterdam-area site (issue #304); no site data are used, the location code only names where the background should later be taken from" }, "location": "NL" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 499774400.0, "source": "product:NH3 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "steam methane reforming with air-blown secondary reformer, HT/LT shift, aMDEA CO2 removal (CO2 vented), methanation, 150 bar Haber-Bosch loop with purge recovery; electric drives, MP steam export", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "NL", "name": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "preliminary": false, "process": "ammonia-1", "process_title": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:STEAM", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "MP steam export (4600 kPa(a), 673 K)", "state": "46 bar(a), 400 degC, 100 % H2O (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Aniline and the steam are not products of one separation, so neither curated physical rule of the hierarchy fits exactly, and the WBCSD price ratio does not apply (the steam is counted in kWh, and no sourced prices exist at concept). Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam by energy or exergy; energy (LHV) would charge the steam's enthalpy at the value of fuel, exergy charges its work potential (DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.981914014636, "source": "study" }, "cas": "62-53-3", "chemical": "aniline", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Aniline to storage, from Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) (dataset aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 19447.482292078, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 19447.482292078 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 19447.013602898, "outputs": { "outputs": 110.940253028, "products": 19336.07334987 }, "problems": [], "relative": 2.4e-05, "residual": 0.46868918, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:catalyst-regeneration": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:start-up-and-flaring": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 19447.482292078, "out": 19447.013602898, "relative": 2.4e-05, "residual": 0.46868918 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 3023.143868323, "out": 3023.177749235, "relative": -1.1e-05, "residual": -0.033880912 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 3803.013881756, "out": 3802.923144812, "relative": 2.4e-05, "residual": 0.090736944 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 8634.869957843, "out": 8634.938403126, "relative": -8e-06, "residual": -0.068445283 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.323894, "inputs": { "electricity": 6635.9, "heat rejected": 34418.9 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 13297.4 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:MPSX": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 34909.164761905, "out": 34908.707661905, "relative": 1.3e-05, "residual": 0.4571, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": { "consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.hydrogenation-catalyst": "no composition" }, "problems": [ "element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition), disposal:consumable.hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition)", "carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition), disposal:consumable.hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition)" ], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "not-assessable", "lci-element-balance": "not-assessable", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE", "dataset": { "id": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "path": "processes/aniline-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Aniline by gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "uuid": "25406655-c160-5d60-ae6c-617e72b4865f", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Aniline by gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/25406655-c160-5d60-ae6c-617e72b4865f.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "25406655-c160-5d60-ae6c-617e72b4865f" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.3048580715, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:NBF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Nitrobenzene (S1, liquid, 500 kPa(a)) at the plant gate: connect to nitrobenzene production by mixed-acid nitration of benzene (benzene, nitric acid, sulfuric acid reconcentration, caustic washing and its wastewater), at plant, or to a future library nitrobenzene process. The chemicals registry has no nitrobenzene slug yet.", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Nitrobenzene from the nitration plant", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.266094277389, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0662281364592, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:H2F", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure", "reference_product": "hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Hydrogen 99.9 mol% at 2850 kPa(a) (S2): connect to the library process hydrogen-1 (natural-gas steam reforming with PSA, product S17 of the same purity and pressure) once its dataset is published in the Atlas, or else to a market for hydrogen, gaseous, from steam methane reforming.", "streams": [ "S2" ], "title": "Hydrogen from the hydrogen plant (hydrogen-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.71464988429, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.260635328389, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Electricity for the recycle gas circulator K-101, the nitrobenzene pump P-101 and the lumped column pumps and vacuum pump (Q1-Q3): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2", "Q3" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.3446330579, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00276439823603, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:FUELGAS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Loop purge (S12, 70 kg/h: 90 mol% H2, 5 mol% N2, water and traces of aniline and benzene) to the site fuel gas header. Classified as a waste for thermal treatment (conservative: its burden of combustion stays with aniline, no credit): 0.3 % of the output mass and about 1 MW LHV, 0.4 % of the aniline's heating value, too small to share burdens as a co-product (D-013). Connect to the combustion of a hydrogen-rich gas in a fired heater or boiler (NOx and the traces' CO2); its heating value displaces natural gas only in a substitution variant.", "streams": [ "S12" ], "title": "Loop purge to the fuel gas header", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.89093230385, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.005085136299, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Low-boiler draw (S18: benzene with its own mass of aniline) and distillation residue (S21: diphenylamine with aniline), 129 kg/h together: connect to incineration of hazardous organic liquid waste (with energy recovery if the site has it), per kg of waste of this elemental composition (C, H, N; no halogens or sulfur).", "streams": [ "S18", "S21" ], "title": "Low boilers and distillation residue to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.28143344571, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.381304705476, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Stripped process water (S23, 9.7 t/h: 50 ppm(wt) aniline and about 0.1 wt% dissolved ammonia, the reaction water of the hydrogenation): connect to treatment of industrial wastewater in a biological plant, per m3 with its nitrogen and organic load (aniline is readily biodegradable in an adapted plant; its residual discharge is an emission of that treatment, not of this plant).", "streams": [ "S23" ], "title": "Stripped process water to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.964156471581, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.35185601113, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q8-Q11: E-104 and the three column condensers and coolers, 298/308 K): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower (pumping and fan power, make-up water, blowdown, treatment chemicals), per kWh of heat removed.", "streams": [ "Q8", "Q12", "Q9", "Q10", "Q11" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.301478471306, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.57167956214e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: about 22 t in the bed (33.2 t/h nitrobenzene at the average loading of about 1.5 g per g catalyst and hour of US 2008/0234518 A1, example 3) replaced every 4 years; the patent's cycles of about 1100-1500 h end in an in-situ regeneration, not a replacement. Palladium about 0.9 mass% (the same example): about 0.2 t Pd per charge, recovered.", "title": "Pd-V-Pb on alpha-alumina hydrogenation catalyst (R-101)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.5683662534, "scale": 0.34657359028 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 210000000.0, "source": "product:ANILINE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene on Pd-V-Pb/alpha-alumina, H2/NB 60, steam raising, decanting, dehydration and vacuum distillation, process water stripping; 25 t/h aniline", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "preliminary": true, "process": "aniline-1", "process_title": "Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:ANILINE", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Aniline to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7421 % ANL (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Aniline and the steam are not products of one separation, so neither curated physical rule of the hierarchy fits exactly, and the WBCSD price ratio does not apply (the steam is counted in kWh, and no sourced prices exist at concept). Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam by energy or exergy; energy (LHV) would charge the steam's enthalpy at the value of fuel, exergy charges its work potential (DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0180859853637, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": null, "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "MP steam export (1500 kPa(a)), net of the reboilers, from Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) (dataset aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:MPSX. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 19447.482292078, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 19447.482292078 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 19447.013602898, "outputs": { "outputs": 110.940253028, "products": 19336.07334987 }, "problems": [], "relative": 2.4e-05, "residual": 0.46868918, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:catalyst-regeneration": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:start-up-and-flaring": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 19447.482292078, "out": 19447.013602898, "relative": 2.4e-05, "residual": 0.46868918 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 3023.143868323, "out": 3023.177749235, "relative": -1.1e-05, "residual": -0.033880912 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 3803.013881756, "out": 3802.923144812, "relative": 2.4e-05, "residual": 0.090736944 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 8634.869957843, "out": 8634.938403126, "relative": -8e-06, "residual": -0.068445283 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.323894, "inputs": { "electricity": 6635.9, "heat rejected": 34418.9 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 13297.4 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:MPSX": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 34909.164761905, "out": 34908.707661905, "relative": 1.3e-05, "residual": 0.4571, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": { "consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.hydrogenation-catalyst": "no composition" }, "problems": [ "element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition), disposal:consumable.hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition)", "carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition), disposal:consumable.hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition)" ], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "not-assessable", "lci-element-balance": "not-assessable", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:MPSX", "dataset": { "id": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "path": "processes/aniline-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Aniline by gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "uuid": "25406655-c160-5d60-ae6c-617e72b4865f", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Aniline by gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:MPSX" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/25406655-c160-5d60-ae6c-617e72b4865f.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "25406655-c160-5d60-ae6c-617e72b4865f" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.0451861425849, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:NBF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Nitrobenzene (S1, liquid, 500 kPa(a)) at the plant gate: connect to nitrobenzene production by mixed-acid nitration of benzene (benzene, nitric acid, sulfuric acid reconcentration, caustic washing and its wastewater), at plant, or to a future library nitrobenzene process. The chemicals registry has no nitrobenzene slug yet.", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Nitrobenzene from the nitration plant", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.09696481913, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00229342491918, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:H2F", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure", "reference_product": "hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Hydrogen 99.9 mol% at 2850 kPa(a) (S2): connect to the library process hydrogen-1 (natural-gas steam reforming with PSA, product S17 of the same purity and pressure) once its dataset is published in the Atlas, or else to a market for hydrogen, gaseous, from steam methane reforming.", "streams": [ "S2" ], "title": "Hydrogen from the hydrogen plant (hydrogen-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.07770898081, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0090255832174, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Electricity for the recycle gas circulator K-101, the nitrobenzene pump P-101 and the lumped column pumps and vacuum pump (Q1-Q3): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2", "Q3" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.70769215442, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 9.57287965509e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:FUELGAS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Loop purge (S12, 70 kg/h: 90 mol% H2, 5 mol% N2, water and traces of aniline and benzene) to the site fuel gas header. Classified as a waste for thermal treatment (conservative: its burden of combustion stays with aniline, no credit): 0.3 % of the output mass and about 1 MW LHV, 0.4 % of the aniline's heating value, too small to share burdens as a co-product (D-013). Connect to the combustion of a hydrogen-rich gas in a fired heater or boiler (NOx and the traces' CO2); its heating value displaces natural gas only in a substitution variant.", "streams": [ "S12" ], "title": "Loop purge to the fuel gas header", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.25399140037, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000176094012742, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Low-boiler draw (S18: benzene with its own mass of aniline) and distillation residue (S21: diphenylamine with aniline), 129 kg/h together: connect to incineration of hazardous organic liquid waste (with energy recovery if the site has it), per kg of waste of this elemental composition (C, H, N; no halogens or sulfur).", "streams": [ "S18", "S21" ], "title": "Low boilers and distillation residue to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.64449254223, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0132042627211, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Stripped process water (S23, 9.7 t/h: 50 ppm(wt) aniline and about 0.1 wt% dissolved ammonia, the reaction water of the hydrogenation): connect to treatment of industrial wastewater in a biological plant, per m3 with its nitrogen and organic load (aniline is readily biodegradable in an adapted plant; its residual discharge is an emission of that treatment, not of this plant).", "streams": [ "S23" ], "title": "Stripped process water to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.3272155681, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0468136418875, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q8-Q11: E-104 and the three column condensers and coolers, 298/308 K): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower (pumping and fan power, make-up water, blowdown, treatment chemicals), per kWh of heat removed.", "streams": [ "Q8", "Q12", "Q9", "Q10", "Q11" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.06158062521, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 8.90551102188e-07, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: about 22 t in the bed (33.2 t/h nitrobenzene at the average loading of about 1.5 g per g catalyst and hour of US 2008/0234518 A1, example 3) replaced every 4 years; the patent's cycles of about 1100-1500 h end in an in-situ regeneration, not a replacement. Palladium about 0.9 mass% (the same example): about 0.2 t Pd per charge, recovered.", "title": "Pd-V-Pb on alpha-alumina hydrogenation catalyst (R-101)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.9314253499, "scale": 0.34657359028 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 210000000.0, "source": "product:ANILINE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene on Pd-V-Pb/alpha-alumina, H2/NB 60, steam raising, decanting, dehydration and vacuum distillation, process water stripping; 25 t/h aniline", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "preliminary": true, "process": "aniline-1", "process_title": "Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:MPSX", "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, "reference_product": "MP steam export (1500 kPa(a)), net of the reboilers", "state": null, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "One cryogenic separation of air; GOX, GAN, LOX and LIN leave it in different thermodynamic states (compressed gas, gas at 9 bara, cold liquids), so exergy is the underlying physical relationship (hierarchy step 2a). Same method as the study (asu-1 DESIGN.md D-056), so the database and the study agree. Economic allocation would need prices (#46).", "rule": "physical-exergy", "share": 0.238553667684, "source": "mappings" }, "cas": "7727-37-9", "chemical": "nitrogen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg, from Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) (dataset asu-1-500-t-d-gox 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 19.31997129, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 19.31997129 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 19.319779269, "outputs": { "emissions": 19.319779269 }, "problems": [], "relative": 1e-05, "residual": 0.000192021, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": {}, "dataset": "asu-1-500-t-d-gox", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 1428.904219655, "out": 1423.679042398, "relative": 0.003657, "residual": 5.225177257 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 19.31997129, "out": 19.319779269, "relative": 1e-05, "residual": 0.000192021 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 267.954795808, "out": 267.95091491, "relative": 1.4e-05, "residual": 0.003880898 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 83771.44556824, "out": 83774.291659955, "relative": -3.4e-05, "residual": -2.846091715 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 27847.375558342, "out": 27849.846590958, "relative": -8.9e-05, "residual": -2.471032616 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": null, "inputs": {}, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [ "feed:POWER", "product:CW" ], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "construction:concrete": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:elbows": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:equipment-al": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:equipment-cs": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:equipment-ss": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:flanges": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:gaskets": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:grating": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:inline": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:insulation": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:pipe": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:reducers": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:steel": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:tees": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:valves": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "end-of-life:aluminium-recycling": "end-of-life phase: not an operating flow", "end-of-life:steel-recycling": "end-of-life phase: not an operating flow", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "maintenance:equipment-al": "maintenance phase: not an operating flow", "maintenance:equipment-cs": "maintenance phase: not an operating flow", "maintenance:equipment-ss": "maintenance phase: not an operating flow", "maintenance:insulation": "maintenance phase: not an operating flow", "maintenance:pipe": "maintenance phase: not an operating flow", "maintenance:steel": "maintenance phase: not an operating flow", "maintenance:valves": "maintenance phase: not an operating flow", "product:COND": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:VENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "transport:construction-to-site": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "transport:consumables-to-site": "transport phase: not an operating flow" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 113335.952380952, "out": 113335.088, "relative": 8e-06, "residual": 0.864380952, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": { "consumable:lube-oil": "no composition", "consumable:molecular-sieve": "no composition" }, "problems": [ "element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:molecular-sieve (no composition), consumable:lube-oil (no composition)", "carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:molecular-sieve (no composition), consumable:lube-oil (no composition)" ], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "not-assessable", "lci-element-balance": "not-assessable", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity screening (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "dataset": { "id": "asu-1-500-t-d-gox", "path": "processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "ASU-1 (500 t/d GOX)", "uuid": "62b30292-ab30-52de-8732-1ab497ca8477", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of ASU-1 (500 t/d GOX), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/62b30292-ab30-52de-8732-1ab497ca8477.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "62b30292-ab30-52de-8732-1ab497ca8477" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.19955841898, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, high voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, high voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "grid supply at 33 kV (DESIGN.md D-036); no on-site generation", "streams": [ "E1", "E2", "E3", "E4", "E5" ], "title": "Electric power (6.6 kV grid supply)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.61164825855, "scale": 0.283694180939 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.204447510611, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:cooling-water", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "heat rejected to the site cooling water system (pumping, fans, make-up)", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4", "Q5" ], "title": "Cooling water return (heat rejected)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.58744400827, "scale": 0.261432839062 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 5.47624638573e-05, "direction": "input", "key": "construction:steel", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled", "reference_product": "steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "rack, structure, stair and platform steel of the take-off", "title": "Structural steel", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.81250556481, "scale": 0.60785627373 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.69996037004e-07, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:pipe", "location": "GLO", "name": "process pipe, average DN, per m (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "process pipe, installed" }, "direction": "input", "key": "construction:pipe", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "pipe length by DN of the take-off", "title": "Pipe", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -14.5705415742, "scale": 0.60785627373 }, "unit": "meter" }, { "amount": 1.75018356603e-08, "direction": "input", "key": "construction:concrete", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for concrete, normal strength", "reference_product": "concrete, normal strength" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "plinths, foundations, ring walls of the take-off", "title": "Concrete", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -17.8609600666, "scale": 0.60785627373 }, "unit": "cubic meter" }, { "amount": 5.64307322836e-08, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:grating", "location": "GLO", "name": "steel grating, per m2 (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "steel grating" }, "direction": "input", "key": "construction:grating", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "platform grating of the take-off", "title": "Grating", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.6902519282, "scale": 0.60785627373 }, "unit": "square meter" }, { "amount": 2.89887518476e-08, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:insulation", "location": "GLO", "name": "pipe insulation with aluminium cladding, per m2 (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "pipe insulation, installed" }, "direction": "input", "key": "construction:insulation", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "cold and hot insulation of the take-off", "title": "Pipe insulation", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -17.3563579495, "scale": 0.60785627373 }, "unit": "square meter" }, { "amount": 1.03517635857e-08, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:fitting", "location": "GLO", "name": "pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "pipe fitting, installed" }, "direction": "input", "key": "construction:valves", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", 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"input", "key": "transport:consumables-to-site", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified", "reference_product": "transport, freight, lorry, unspecified" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: adsorbent, oil and spares by lorry, 800 km", "title": "Transport (800 km)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.1821481317, "scale": 0.447214178832 }, "unit": "ton kilometer" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": "gan-8barg-10ppm", "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant with its construction", "classification": { "dataset": null, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" }, "product": { "cpc": "34210", "hs": "2804.30", "source": "chemicals/chemicals.yaml (nitrogen)" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": null, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "screening", "production_volume": { "amount": 175224000.0, "source": "product:GOXP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "cryogenic double-column air separation, 500 t/d GOX, pumped liquid products, TSA front end", "technology_level": null, "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "preliminary": false, "process": "asu-1", "process_title": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:GANP", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg", "state": "gas, 9 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.9771 % N2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "market:nitrogen/gan-8barg-10ppm:RER" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "One cryogenic separation of air; GOX, GAN, LOX and LIN leave it in different thermodynamic states (compressed gas, gas at 9 bara, cold liquids), so exergy is the underlying physical relationship (hierarchy step 2a). Same method as the study (asu-1 DESIGN.md D-056), so the database and the study agree. Economic allocation would need prices (#46).", "rule": "physical-exergy", "share": 0.701833337753, "source": "mappings" }, "cas": "7782-44-7", "chemical": "oxygen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg, from Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) (dataset asu-1-500-t-d-gox 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 19.31997129, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 19.31997129 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 19.319779269, "outputs": { "emissions": 19.319779269 }, "problems": [], "relative": 1e-05, "residual": 0.000192021, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": {}, "dataset": "asu-1-500-t-d-gox", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 1428.904219655, "out": 1423.679042398, "relative": 0.003657, "residual": 5.225177257 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 19.31997129, "out": 19.319779269, "relative": 1e-05, "residual": 0.000192021 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 267.954795808, "out": 267.95091491, "relative": 1.4e-05, "residual": 0.003880898 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 83771.44556824, "out": 83774.291659955, "relative": -3.4e-05, "residual": -2.846091715 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 27847.375558342, "out": 27849.846590958, "relative": -8.9e-05, "residual": -2.471032616 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": null, "inputs": {}, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [ "feed:POWER", "product:CW" ], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "construction:concrete": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:elbows": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:equipment-al": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:equipment-cs": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:equipment-ss": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:flanges": "construction phase: not an operating flow", "construction:gaskets": "construction phase: not an operating flow", 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"chemicals/chemicals.yaml (oxygen)" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": null, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "screening", "production_volume": { "amount": 175224000.0, "source": "product:GOXP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "cryogenic double-column air separation, 500 t/d GOX, pumped liquid products, TSA front end", "technology_level": null, "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "preliminary": false, "process": "asu-1", "process_title": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:GOXP", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg", "state": "gas, 31 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7115 % O2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE", "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:DEG", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:MEG", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:TEG", "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD", "kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP", "market:oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5:RER", "phosphorus-oxychloride-1:phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3:product:POCL3" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "One cryogenic separation of air; GOX, GAN, LOX and LIN leave it in different thermodynamic states (compressed gas, gas at 9 bara, cold liquids), so exergy is the underlying physical relationship (hierarchy step 2a). Same method as the study (asu-1 DESIGN.md D-056), so the database and the study agree. Economic allocation would need prices (#46).", "rule": "physical-exergy", "share": 0.0289435785641, "source": "mappings" }, "cas": "7727-37-9", "chemical": "nitrogen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Nitrogen, liquid, from Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) (dataset asu-1-500-t-d-gox 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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"location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified", "reference_product": "transport, freight, lorry, unspecified" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: adsorbent, oil and spares by lorry, 800 km", "title": "Transport (800 km)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.00984316152, "scale": 0.447214178832 }, "unit": "ton kilometer" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": "lin", "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant with its construction", "classification": { "dataset": null, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" }, "product": { "cpc": "34210", "hs": "2804.30", "source": "chemicals/chemicals.yaml (nitrogen)" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": null, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "screening", "production_volume": { "amount": 175224000.0, "source": "product:GOXP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "cryogenic double-column air separation, 500 t/d GOX, pumped liquid products, TSA front end", "technology_level": null, "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "preliminary": false, "process": "asu-1", "process_title": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:LIN", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Nitrogen, liquid", "state": "liquid, 5.2 bar(a), -181 degC, 99.9202 % N2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "market:nitrogen/lin:RER" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "One cryogenic separation of air; GOX, GAN, LOX and LIN leave it in different thermodynamic states (compressed gas, gas at 9 bara, cold liquids), so exergy is the underlying physical relationship (hierarchy step 2a). 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equipment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.7856564503, "scale": 0.617757645417 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000199425469348, "direction": "input", "key": "transport:construction-to-site", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified", "reference_product": "transport, freight, lorry, unspecified" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity screening)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 2 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: structural steel and equipment by lorry, 500 km (the take-off rows counted in m or pieces carry no mass)", "title": "Transport (500 km)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.52006997866, "scale": 0.617757645417 }, "unit": "ton kilometer" }, { "amount": 0.000129487579429, "direction": "input", "key": "transport:consumables-to-site", "link": { 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"background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": null, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "screening", "production_volume": { "amount": 175224000.0, "source": "product:GOXP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "cryogenic double-column air separation, 500 t/d GOX, pumped liquid products, TSA front end", "technology_level": null, "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "preliminary": false, "process": "asu-1", "process_title": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:LOX", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Oxygen, liquid", "state": "liquid, 1.3 bar(a), -183 degC, 99.8093 % O2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "market:oxygen/lox:RER" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "7726-95-6", "chemical": "bromine", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Bromine, dry (99.96 wt-% Br2) to storage, from Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) (dataset bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 0.0, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 0.0 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 0, "outputs": {}, "problems": [], "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:h2s-ammonia": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:non-routine": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:vent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2", "elements": { "Br": { "closed": true, "in": 3925.015111732, "out": 3925.048546405, "relative": -9e-06, "residual": -0.033434673 }, "Ca": { "closed": true, "in": 27653.643559546, "out": 27653.643771201, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.000211655 }, "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 171000.770944714, "out": 171000.643956732, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.126987982 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 73323.767664115, "out": 73323.771073891, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.003409776 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 79220.986302905, "out": 79221.031977718, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.045674813 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 581902.036970224, "out": 581902.078780542, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.041810318 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 217.209446765, "out": 217.211893511, "relative": -1.1e-05, "residual": -0.002446746 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 120.6, "heat rejected": 671.5, "steam": 60.7 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPH": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 937243.43, "out": 937243.43, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2", "dataset": { "id": "bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2", "path": "processes/bromine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (3 750 kg/h Br2)", "uuid": "a0a112d1-e80b-58fb-a5cb-d97f45682dfc", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (3 750 kg/h Br2), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/a0a112d1-e80b-58fb-a5cb-d97f45682dfc.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "a0a112d1-e80b-58fb-a5cb-d97f45682dfc" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 243.411664, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); 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cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q1, Q3, Q4; D-010", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q3", "Q4" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.719997103, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "gaps": 3, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "cpc": "34210", "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design on a Smackover-type brine field (southern Arkansas brine basis); site not chosen", "site": "generic brine-field site" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 30000000.0, "source": "product:BR2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Hot-brine steaming-out tower (chlorine oxidation of bromide, live LP steam), bromine condenser and gravity separator, chlorine stripping column, sulfuric acid drying, lime neutralisation of the tail brine; 30 kt/a Br2 from 913 t/h brine at 4 300 mg/kg bromide; chlorine from a chlor-alkali plant", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine)", "preliminary": true, "process": "bromine-1", "process_title": "Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:BR2", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Bromine, dry (99.96 wt-% Br2) to storage", "state": "2 bar(a), 30 degC, 99.957 % Br2 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "hydrogen-bromide-1:hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt:product:HBRACID", "n-bromosuccinimide-1:n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a:product:NBS" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Hierarchy step 3 (WBCSD price ratio) cannot be applied: no sourced prices of Cl2, NaOH and H2 are recorded for this concept design. Mass of the contained products is used instead, as shares, because core's mass method weighs the product streams including the water of the 50 wt-% caustic and of the wet hydrogen. To be revisited when prices are sourced (D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.4653, "source": "study" }, "cas": "7782-50-5", "chemical": "chlorine", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a)), from Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (dataset chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 8.062099571 }, "in": 10.900649979, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 10.900649979 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 10.900686027, "outputs": { "emissions": 8.062099571, "outputs": 2.838586457 }, "problems": [], "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -3.6048e-05, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:cl2-vents": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:effluent-traces": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 10.900649979, "out": 10.900686027, "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -3.6048e-05 }, "Ca": { "closed": true, "in": 9.44602284, "out": 9.445825823, "relative": 2.1e-05, "residual": 0.000197017 }, "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 12959.659959841, "out": 12960.069804625, "relative": -3.2e-05, "residual": -0.409844784 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 2926.806125723, "out": 2926.802492959, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.003632764 }, "Mg": { "closed": true, "in": 2.730386759, "out": 2.73021522, "relative": 6.3e-05, "residual": 0.000171539 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 8356.869220361, "out": 8356.460407257, "relative": 4.9e-05, "residual": 0.408813103 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 23428.778109817, "out": 23428.761377173, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.016732645 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 84.886303514, "out": 84.886669476, "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.000365962 }, "Si": { "closed": true, "in": 49.993221165, "out": 49.992389686, "relative": 1.7e-05, "residual": 0.000831479 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 32502.9, "heat rejected": 10960.1, "steam": 6858.4 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CHW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:VENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:WW": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 47830.07, "out": 47830.049868247, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.020131753, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2", "dataset": { "id": "chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2", "path": "processes/chlor-alkali-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Chlor-alkali membrane-cell plant (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% NaOH, H2)", "uuid": "1de76be9-296d-5436-972d-1173af6562c0", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Chlor-alkali membrane-cell plant (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% NaOH, H2), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/1de76be9-296d-5436-972d-1173af6562c0.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "1de76be9-296d-5436-972d-1173af6562c0" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.789771015076, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:SALT", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for sodium chloride, powder", "reference_product": "sodium chloride, powder" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S1, D-003", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Rock salt", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.236012229871, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.429143217315, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:WATER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S2, D-006", "streams": [ "S2" ], "title": "Make-up process water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.845964575871, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.518917472273, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:DMW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S15, S21, D-006", "streams": [ "S15", "S21" ], "title": "Demineralised water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.656010421422, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00355150817588, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NA2CO3", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for soda ash, dense", "reference_product": "soda ash, dense" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S7, D-005", "streams": [ "S7" ], "title": "Soda ash", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.64038292744, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0156507828327, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid-32", "location": "GLO", "name": "hydrochloric acid, 32 wt-% in water, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "hydrochloric acid, 32 wt-%" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:HCL", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S13, S17, S29, D-005", "streams": [ "S13", "S17", "S29" ], "title": "Hydrochloric acid 32 wt-%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.15723434199, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000127011000364, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NA2SO3", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for sodium sulfite", "reference_product": "sodium sulfite" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S32, D-005", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "Sodium sulfite", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.97123685822, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00881138815027, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:H2SO4", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for sulfuric acid", "reference_product": "sulfuric acid" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S38, D-008", "streams": [ "S38" ], "title": "Sulfuric acid 98 wt-%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.73171028615, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.20006565225, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q1 (rectifiers), Q5, Q9, Q12; D-009", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q5", "Q9", "Q12" ], "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.182376265506, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.253224489796, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 179.85 degC, 10 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q6, Q13; D-010", "streams": [ "Q6", "Q13" ], "title": "MP steam 1000 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.37347887224, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0101232197907, "direction": "input", "key": "product:SLUDGE", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for inert waste, for final disposal", "reference_product": "inert waste, for final disposal" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10, D-005", "streams": [ "S10" ], "title": "Brine filter cake to landfill", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.59292350459, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.399301908936, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q3, Q4, Q7, Q10, Q11, Q14, Q15; D-010", "streams": [ "Q3", "Q4", "Q7", "Q10", "Q11", "Q14", "Q15" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.918037484218, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00109067004383, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S18, D-005: carbon dioxide to air; carbon of mineral (carbonate) origin from soda ash, counted as fossil (not biogenic)", "streams": [ "S18" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.82096305249, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00134888015646, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "water", "surface water" ], "database": null, "name": "Dissolved solids", "uuid": "cfecebe1-1e13-458d-85bc-d40a9f934927" }, "key": "emission:Na2SO4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S34: sodium sulfate dissolved in the discharged brine purge, to fresh surface water", "streams": [ "S16", "S34" ], "title": "Na2SO4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.6084805445, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0266896066949, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "water", "surface water" ], "database": null, "name": "Dissolved solids", "uuid": "cfecebe1-1e13-458d-85bc-d40a9f934927" }, "key": "emission:NaCl", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S16, S34: sodium chloride dissolved in the discharged effluent, to fresh surface water", "streams": [ "S16", "S34" ], "title": "NaCl to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.62348105172, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for an undecided site; technology data from EU plants (BREF 2014); no site-specific supply", "site": "generic industrial site with salt by rail or ship" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 100818480.0, "source": "product:CL2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "bipolar membrane-cell NaCl electrolysis, 100 kt/a Cl2, rock salt with brine recirculation, 3.0 V at 6.0 kA/m2, double-effect caustic evaporation to 50 wt-%", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "preliminary": false, "process": "chlor-alkali-1", "process_title": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:CL2", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))", "state": "4 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.1881 % Cl2 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2", "hydrogen-chloride-1:hydrogen-chloride-synthesis-and-absorption-10-t-h-hydrochloric-acid-33-wt:product:HCLACID", "iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE", "phosgene-1:phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive:product:PHOSGENE", "phosphorus-oxychloride-1:phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3:product:POCL3", "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Hierarchy step 3 (WBCSD price ratio) cannot be applied: no sourced prices of Cl2, NaOH and H2 are recorded for this concept design. Mass of the contained products is used instead, as shares, because core's mass method weighs the product streams including the water of the 50 wt-% caustic and of the wet hydrogen. To be revisited when prices are sourced (D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0137, "source": "study" }, "cas": "1333-74-0", "chemical": "hydrogen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Hydrogen to the consumer or fuel (140 kPa(a)), from Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (dataset chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:H2. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 8.062099571 }, "in": 10.900649979, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 10.900649979 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 10.900686027, "outputs": { "emissions": 8.062099571, "outputs": 2.838586457 }, "problems": [], "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -3.6048e-05, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:cl2-vents": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:effluent-traces": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 10.900649979, "out": 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"n-bromosuccinimide-1:n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a:product:NBS", "phosgene-1:phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive:product:PHOSGENE", "phosphorus-oxychloride-1:phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3:product:POCL3", "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN", "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "74-87-3", "chemical": "chloromethane", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Chloromethane (methyl chloride), Methyl chloride product (liquid, to storage), from Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) (dataset chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity chloromethane-1:chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination:product:MECL. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 3026.028923865, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 3026.028923865 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 3026.207648936, "outputs": { "outputs": 52.106043298, "products": 2974.101605637 }, "problems": [], "relative": -5.9e-05, "residual": -0.178725071, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:non-routine": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:purge-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage-tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 3026.028923865, "out": 3026.207648936, "relative": -5.9e-05, "residual": -0.178725071 }, "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 9990.605664049, "out": 9990.403267716, "relative": 2e-05, "residual": 0.202396332 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 1316.125974865, "out": 1316.150087385, "relative": -1.8e-05, "residual": -0.02411252 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 7.90731171, "out": 7.902267595, "relative": 0.000638, "residual": 0.005044115 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 4465.871718626, "out": 4465.868666776, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.00305185 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 204.580406885, "out": 204.579061592, "relative": 7e-06, "residual": 0.001345293 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:MEOH", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh methanol S01 (D-001, D-003)", "streams": [ "S01" ], "title": "Methanol (methanol-1 product grade)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.436752699845, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.8226072, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:HCLG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "anhydrous HCl S03 (D-003)", "streams": [ "S03" ], "title": "Anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.195276470489, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0521512, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:ACID", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for sulfuric acid", "reference_product": "sulfuric acid" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "drying acid S11 (D-008)", "streams": [ "S11" ], "title": "Sulfuric acid 96 wt% (drying)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.95360808725, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.043536, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "compressor and pumps Q07, Q12 (D-010)", "streams": [ "Q07", "Q12" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.13416709694, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.262904, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 151.83 degC, 5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "methanol vaporiser, stripper and HCl column reboilers Q01, Q05, Q10 (D-010)", "streams": [ "Q01", "Q05", "Q10" ], "title": "LP steam 500 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.33596633245, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.4470208, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:DHCL", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stripper bottoms S10 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S10" ], "title": "Dilute hydrochloric acid (about 21 wt%) to HCl recovery or neutralisation", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.805150153013, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0689096, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SPENT", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "drying tower bottoms S12 (D-008)", "streams": [ "S12" ], "title": "Spent sulfuric acid (about 80 %) to acid regeneration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.6749597783, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00495848, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:PURGE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "purge S18 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S18" ], "title": "Inert purge to the site thermal oxidiser", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.30665603682, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.649, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "heat to cooling water Q04, Q06, Q08, Q09, Q11, Q13 (D-010)", "streams": [ "Q04", "Q06", "Q08", "Q09", "Q11", "Q13" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.432322562278, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "gaps": 5, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "cpc": "34139", "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 100000000.0, "source": "product:MECL per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "gas-phase hydrochlorination of methanol over gamma-alumina (multitubular, 523-613 K, 300-350 kPa(a)), hydrochloric acid quench with methanol stripping, 96 wt% sulfuric acid drying, two-stage compression and an HCl light-ends column with recycle and purge; 100 kt/a methyl chloride, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a)", "preliminary": true, "process": "chloromethane-1", "process_title": "Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:MECL", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Chloromethane (methyl chloride), Methyl chloride product (liquid, to storage)", "state": "10.2 bar(a), 45 degC, 99.9944 % MECL (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "98-82-8", "chemical": "cumene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Cumene, 99.95 wt%, from Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene (dataset cumene-zeolite-alkylation 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity cumene-1:cumene-zeolite-alkylation:product:cumene. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "cumene-1:cumene-zeolite-alkylation:product:cumene", "dataset": { "id": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation", "path": "processes/cumene-1/lca/datasets/cumene-zeolite-alkylation.yaml", "title": "Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene", "uuid": "68e26c10-57f7-5500-b106-93861112fbc1", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Tier 0 screening estimate per 1 t of cumene, gate-to-gate, with transalkylation of the polyisopropylbenzenes. Stoichiometry with a licensor's benzene figure and net steam, air emissions from US EPA facility data, electricity from core's Tier 0 default.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "cumene-1:cumene-zeolite-alkylation:product:cumene" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/68e26c10-57f7-5500-b106-93861112fbc1.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "68e26c10-57f7-5500-b106-93861112fbc1" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "cumene-1:cumene-zeolite-alkylation:product:cumene" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.651, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'benzene'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:benzene", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 3, 3, 4 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "Versalis (2018) Cumene: proprietary process technology, licensing brochure 11-2018 (manufacturer), PDF p. 3", "title": "Benzene", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.429245636774, "scale": 0.456895303932 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.351878612405, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'propylene'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:propylene", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "stoichiometry with the sourced benzene and the model heavy ends; compare 0.352 t/t (Versalis brochure, PDF p. 3): a cross-check", "title": "Propylene", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.04446901398, "scale": 0.463992728566 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.3333, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:electricity", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme tier-defaults 1.0.0: electricity", "scores": [ 4, 5, 5, 4, 5 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "cheme tier-defaults 1.0.0: electricity [ASSUMED]: 1.2 MJ (0.333 kWh) per kg of product, attributed to the Gendorf (2000) site average that the ecoinvent v2-era chemicals proxies used. ASSUMED, not read in either source: Hischier et al. 2005 (p. 61) names the Gendorf (2000) average as the default but prints no value, and the number could not be confirmed in an open copy of Althaus et al. 2007 (ecoinvent report No. 8). Dated: newer ecoinvent proxies rest on later Gendorf reports, so this value may be low for a present-day process", "title": "Electricity", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.09871229367, "scale": 0.549306144334 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.2, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-mp", "location": "GLO", "name": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), per kg, as heat from steam (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a)" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:steam", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 3, 3, 4 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "Versalis (2018) Cumene: proprietary process technology, licensing brochure 11-2018 (manufacturer), PDF p. 3; pressure not stated; a net figure that embeds a credit for exported steam (deviation, see modelling.multifunctionality)", "title": "Steam, net of LP export (not a cut-off value: see modelling)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.60943791243, "scale": 0.549306144334 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00284591240502, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "output:heavy-ends", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "closes the balance; modelled as triisopropylbenzene (ASSUMED; the brochure, PDF p. 4, and LVOC BREF 2.1.1.5, p. 10, only name heavy by-products)", "title": "Heavy ends (high boilers, usable as fuel)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.86187155807, "scale": 0.34657359028 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.9e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Benzene", "uuid": "28999907-a8a7-45b3-857e-836495ca2aa0" }, "key": "emission:C6H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "Meyer, Cashman and Gaglione (US EPA), dataset doi:10.23719/1503030, sheet 'Cumene - Allocated' (US 2011 weighted average; 8 facilities report production, and this flow has its own facility count, 8 for benzene, 7 for propylene and cumene; public domain; the file says demonstrative, not fully vetted to LCA standards)", "title": "Benzene to air", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.0405582071, "scale": 0.549306144334 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 7.8e-06, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of C3H6 (literature) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:C3H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "Meyer, Cashman and Gaglione (US EPA), dataset doi:10.23719/1503030, sheet 'Cumene - Allocated' (US 2011 weighted average; 8 facilities report production, and this flow has its own facility count, 8 for benzene, 7 for propylene and cumene; public domain; the file says demonstrative, not fully vetted to LCA standards)", "title": "Propylene to air", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.7613868243, "scale": 0.549306144334 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.9e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Cumene", "uuid": "a192f5ac-fb5d-4e14-ac11-3c38283da9d0" }, "key": "emission:CUM", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "Meyer, Cashman and Gaglione (US EPA), dataset doi:10.23719/1503030, sheet 'Cumene - Allocated' (US 2011 weighted average; 8 facilities report production, and this flow has its own facility count, 8 for benzene, 7 for propylene and cumene; public domain; the file says demonstrative, not fully vetted to LCA standards)", "title": "Cumene to air", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.8710715788, "scale": 0.549306144334 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1000 kg of cumene", "boundary": "gate-to-gate: alkylation, transalkylation, benzene, cumene and PIPB columns; steam and power from outside", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "1920", "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Mixed: a licensor's design figures and US facility emissions (2011); no single site." }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": null, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0", "technology": "zeolite-catalysed alkylation and transalkylation with distillation; SPA and AlCl3 routes are not modelled", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "description": "US emissions of 2011; licensor's figures of a brochure dated 11-2018. valid_until is the reference year + 5 (system-model section 6), so it has already lapsed.", "start": 2011 }, "valid_until": 2023 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene", "preliminary": true, "process": "cumene-1", "process_title": "Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:cumene", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Cumene, 99.95 wt%", "state": null, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "68-12-2", "chemical": "dimethylformamide", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "N,N-Dimethylformamide, DMF product to storage, from N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (dataset n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity dmf-1:n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a:product:DMFP. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 6915.217087644, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 6915.217087644 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 6915.310121385, "outputs": { "outputs": 409.053050762, "products": 6506.257070623 }, "problems": [], "relative": -1.3e-05, "residual": -0.093033741, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:construction": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:lube-oil": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 6915.217087644, "out": 6915.310121385, "relative": -1.3e-05, "residual": -0.093033741 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 2109.460987544, "out": 2109.464222326, "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -0.003234782 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 7524.831916736, "out": 7524.733656289, "relative": 1.3e-05, "residual": 0.098260447 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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no regional background" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 100016720.0, "source": "product:ETOH per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "vapour-phase direct hydration of ethylene over H3PO4 on silica (513-541 K, 7 MPa, 5 % conversion per pass), gas recycle with water scrubbing, light-ends and concentrating distillation, 3A molecular-sieve dehydration; 100 000 t/a", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst)", "preliminary": true, "process": "ethanol-1", "process_title": "Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:ETOH", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Anhydrous ethanol to storage", "state": "1.5 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.4798 % ETOH (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "100-41-4", "chemical": "ethylbenzene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Ethylbenzene, from Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene (dataset ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity ethylbenzene-1:ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase:product:ethylbenzene. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "ethylbenzene-1:ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase:product:ethylbenzene", "dataset": { "id": "ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase", "path": "processes/ethylbenzene-1/lca/datasets/ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase.yaml", "title": "Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene", "uuid": "0b04067f-2d7e-5418-a945-9b665d6e8ee0", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Per 1 t of ethylbenzene, gate-to-gate, EU plants of the LVOC BREF data collection. High-purity feeds. 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SPENTCAUSTIC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "spent caustic S305 (D-009); upper-bound assumption: follows the ASSUMED 3:1 NaOH:CO2 ratio and 0.2 mol% feed CO2", "streams": [ "S305" ], "title": "Spent caustic to treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.35271581215, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.47010968486, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, HP, 520 degC, 115 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "product:HPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "TLE and convection-section steam Q102, Q103 (D-007)", "streams": [ "Q102", "Q103" ], "title": "SHP steam raised in the TLEs and convection sections (11500 kPa(a), 520 C)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.90426255648, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.72984417059, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "coolers and condensers Q201, Q302, Q304, Q403, Q602, Q604, Q606 (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q201", "Q302", "Q304", "Q403", "Q602", "Q604", "Q606" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.0042445272, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethylene", "uuid": "90f722bf-cb9b-571a-88fc-34286632bdc4" }, "key": "emission:C2H4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "zero after complete combustion (template component); an unburnt-hydrocarbon emission, not burden-free", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "C2H4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "zero after complete combustion (template component); an unburnt-hydrocarbon emission, not burden-free", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.61088425409e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "zero in the flowsheet after complete combustion; the unburnt CH4 is the combustion estimate below (add: true); estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; CH4 1 g/GJ (2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol. 2 Ch. 2 Table 2.3: natural gas in manufacturing industries, 1 kg CH4/TJ, used for the H2-rich fuel gas as a proxy (D-017))", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.0361422106, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.432560789877, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "fossil CO2 of the fuel gas (cracked-gas tail gas and natural gas); the feed CO2 is removed in the caustic tower T310 and leaves as carbonate in the spent caustic, not in the flue gas (D-009)", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.838032407858, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000385484602003, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NOx", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; NOx 23.93 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 (JRC109279) Table 13.1: BAT-AEL NOx for a new cracker furnace 60-100 mg/Nm3 at 3 vol% O2; upper end 100 mg/Nm3 x 239.3 Nm3/GJ (scripts/balance.py), D-017)", "title": "NOx to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.86100930868, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000192661756789, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; CO 11.96 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 13.1 note (3): CO generally 10-50 mg/Nm3; upper end 50 mg/Nm3 x 239.3 Nm3/GJ, D-017)", "title": "CO to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.55457446208, "scale": 0.878748443852 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.73850323195e-05, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; PM 1.7 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 3.4: dust 2.8-7.1 mg/Nm3 (dry, 3 % O2); upper end x 239.3 Nm3/GJ, D-017)", "title": "PM to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.5055139595, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.61088425409e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; N2O 0.1 g/GJ (2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol. 2 Ch. 2 Table 2.3: natural gas, 0.1 kg N2O/TJ, proxy (D-017))", "title": "N2O to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.3387273036, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "cpc": "34110", "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen; no regional background applied" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 1000000000.0, "source": "product:ETHYLENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "ethane steam cracking, 1000 kt/a ethylene, front-end demethaniser, tail-end acetylene hydrogenation", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "ethylene-1", "process_title": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:CRUDEC4", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Crude C4 cut", "state": "5 bar(a), 45 degC, 80.8513 % C4H6 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "D-016: the WBCSD price-ratio test cannot be applied at concept stage because no co-product prices are set; mass allocation is kept as the physical relationship among co-products that are all hydrocarbon feedstocks, to be re-tested once prices exist.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.915566460969, "source": "study" }, "cas": "74-85-1", "chemical": "ethylene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Polymer-grade ethylene, from Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (dataset ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:ETHYLENE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 16119.416557908 }, "in": 133500.148989801, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 133500.148989801 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 133503.086077274, "outputs": { "emissions": 16119.416557908, "outputs": 125.382402205, "products": 117258.28711716 }, "problems": [], "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -2.937087473, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:blowdown-effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:decoking": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:flare": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitives": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:sox": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:spent-caustic-effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 133500.148989801, "out": 133503.086077274, "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -2.937087473 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 35531.166455805, "out": 35532.515597828, "relative": -3.8e-05, "residual": -1.349142023 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 604996.25664237, "out": 604996.682995927, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.426353557 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 719.97398589, "out": 719.974171107, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.000185217 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 196541.153926135, "out": 196539.640453518, "relative": 8e-06, "residual": 1.513472617 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.577694, "inputs": { "electricity": 118910.7, "heat rejected": 372698.8, "steam": 92155.9 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 337237.9 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "emission:CO": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:N2O": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:NOx": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:PM": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:FLUE": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:HPS": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 971288.7, "out": 971291.8993, "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -3.1993, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:ETHYLENE", "dataset": { "id": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "path": "processes/ethylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene)", "uuid": "f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:ETHYLENE" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.16133452967, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'ethane'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:ETHANE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh ethane S101, scripts/balance.py (D-003)", "streams": [ "S101" ], "title": "Purity ethane feed (pipeline)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.149569800462, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0705096042922, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NATGAS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fuel make-up S801 closing the firebox heat balance (D-013)", "streams": [ "S801" ], "title": "Natural gas make-up to the fuel header", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.65200634735, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0153302448225, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:BFW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "dilution steam make-up S203 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S203" ], "title": "Boiler feed water make-up to the dilution steam system", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.17792761607, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0917456190145, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CAUSTIC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh caustic S304 (D-009); upper-bound assumption: 3 mol NaOH per mol CO2 (ASSUMED, unsourced excess) on an ASSUMED 0.2 mol% feed CO2", "streams": [ "S304" ], "title": "Fresh caustic soda solution 10 wt%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.38873554235, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.870965190163, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "machine drives Q301, Q303, Q402 as electric motors (D-015); the refrigeration part Q402 is a conservative upper estimate (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q301", "Q303", "Q402" ], "title": "Electric power (machine drives, D-015)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.138153268298, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.33890095402, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 207.15 degC, 18 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "dilution steam generation Q210 (D-007)", "streams": [ "Q210" ], "title": "MP steam 1800 kPa(a) to the dilution steam generator", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.08204738532, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.336097855743, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "column reboilers Q502, Q601, Q603, Q605 (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q502", "Q601", "Q603", "Q605" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the column reboilers", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.09035292409, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0153302448225, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:BLOWDOWN", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "process water blowdown S204 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S204" ], "title": "Process water blowdown to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.17792761607, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0951105088718, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SPENTCAUSTIC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "spent caustic S305 (D-009); upper-bound assumption: follows the ASSUMED 3:1 NaOH:CO2 ratio and 0.2 mol% feed CO2", "streams": [ "S305" ], "title": "Spent caustic to treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.35271581215, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.47010968486, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, HP, 520 degC, 115 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "product:HPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "TLE and convection-section steam Q102, Q103 (D-007)", "streams": [ "Q102", "Q103" ], "title": "SHP steam raised in the TLEs and convection sections (11500 kPa(a), 520 C)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.90426255648, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.72984417059, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "coolers and condensers Q201, Q302, Q304, Q403, Q602, Q604, Q606 (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q201", "Q302", "Q304", "Q403", "Q602", "Q604", "Q606" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.0042445272, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethylene", "uuid": "90f722bf-cb9b-571a-88fc-34286632bdc4" }, "key": "emission:C2H4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "zero after complete combustion (template component); an unburnt-hydrocarbon emission, not burden-free", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "C2H4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "zero after complete combustion (template component); an unburnt-hydrocarbon emission, not burden-free", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.61088425409e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "zero in the flowsheet after complete combustion; the unburnt CH4 is the combustion estimate below (add: true); estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; CH4 1 g/GJ (2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol. 2 Ch. 2 Table 2.3: natural gas in manufacturing industries, 1 kg CH4/TJ, used for the H2-rich fuel gas as a proxy (D-017))", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.0361422106, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.432560789877, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "fossil CO2 of the fuel gas (cracked-gas tail gas and natural gas); the feed CO2 is removed in the caustic tower T310 and leaves as carbonate in the spent caustic, not in the flue gas (D-009)", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.838032407858, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000385484602003, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NOx", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; NOx 23.93 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 (JRC109279) Table 13.1: BAT-AEL NOx for a new cracker furnace 60-100 mg/Nm3 at 3 vol% O2; upper end 100 mg/Nm3 x 239.3 Nm3/GJ (scripts/balance.py), D-017)", "title": "NOx to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.86100930868, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000192661756789, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; CO 11.96 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 13.1 note (3): CO generally 10-50 mg/Nm3; upper end 50 mg/Nm3 x 239.3 Nm3/GJ, D-017)", "title": "CO to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.55457446208, "scale": 0.878748443852 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.73850323195e-05, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; PM 1.7 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 3.4: dust 2.8-7.1 mg/Nm3 (dry, 3 % O2); upper end x 239.3 Nm3/GJ, D-017)", "title": "PM to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.5055139595, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.61088425409e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; N2O 0.1 g/GJ (2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol. 2 Ch. 2 Table 2.3: natural gas, 0.1 kg N2O/TJ, proxy (D-017))", "title": "N2O to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.3387273036, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "cpc": "34110", "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen; no regional background applied" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 1000000000.0, "source": "product:ETHYLENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "ethane steam cracking, 1000 kt/a ethylene, front-end demethaniser, tail-end acetylene hydrogenation", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "ethylene-1", "process_title": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:ETHYLENE", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Polymer-grade ethylene", "state": "19 bar(a), -30 degC, 99.95 % C2H4 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "acetaldehyde-1:acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a:product:PROD", "ethanol-1:ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous:product:ETOH", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:DEG", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:MEG", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:TEG" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "D-016: the WBCSD price-ratio test cannot be applied at concept stage because no co-product prices are set; mass allocation is kept as the physical relationship among co-products that are all hydrocarbon feedstocks, to be re-tested once prices exist.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0239424291809, "source": "study" }, "cas": "115-07-1", "chemical": "propylene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Polymer-grade propylene, from Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (dataset ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PROPYLENE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 16119.416557908 }, "in": 133500.148989801, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 133500.148989801 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 133503.086077274, "outputs": { "emissions": 16119.416557908, "outputs": 125.382402205, "products": 117258.28711716 }, "problems": [], "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -2.937087473, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:blowdown-effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:decoking": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:flare": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitives": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:sox": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:spent-caustic-effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 133500.148989801, "out": 133503.086077274, "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -2.937087473 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 35531.166455805, "out": 35532.515597828, "relative": -3.8e-05, "residual": -1.349142023 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 604996.25664237, "out": 604996.682995927, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.426353557 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 719.97398589, "out": 719.974171107, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.000185217 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 196541.153926135, "out": 196539.640453518, "relative": 8e-06, "residual": 1.513472617 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.577694, "inputs": { "electricity": 118910.7, "heat rejected": 372698.8, "steam": 92155.9 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 337237.9 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "emission:CO": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:N2O": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:NOx": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:PM": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:FLUE": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:HPS": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 971288.7, "out": 971291.8993, "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -3.1993, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PROPYLENE", "dataset": { "id": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "path": "processes/ethylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene)", "uuid": "f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PROPYLENE" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.16133452967, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'ethane'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:ETHANE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh ethane S101, scripts/balance.py (D-003)", "streams": [ "S101" ], "title": "Purity ethane feed (pipeline)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.149569800462, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0705096042922, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NATGAS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fuel make-up S801 closing the firebox heat balance (D-013)", "streams": [ "S801" ], "title": "Natural gas make-up to the fuel header", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.65200634735, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0153302448225, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:BFW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "dilution steam make-up S203 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S203" ], "title": "Boiler feed water make-up to the dilution steam system", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.17792761607, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0917456190145, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CAUSTIC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh caustic S304 (D-009); upper-bound assumption: 3 mol NaOH per mol CO2 (ASSUMED, unsourced excess) on an ASSUMED 0.2 mol% feed CO2", "streams": [ "S304" ], "title": "Fresh caustic soda solution 10 wt%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.38873554235, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.870965190163, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "machine drives Q301, Q303, Q402 as electric motors (D-015); the refrigeration part Q402 is a conservative upper estimate (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q301", "Q303", "Q402" ], "title": "Electric power (machine drives, D-015)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.138153268298, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.33890095402, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 207.15 degC, 18 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "dilution steam generation Q210 (D-007)", "streams": [ "Q210" ], "title": "MP steam 1800 kPa(a) to the dilution steam generator", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.08204738532, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.336097855743, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "column reboilers Q502, Q601, Q603, Q605 (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q502", "Q601", "Q603", "Q605" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the column reboilers", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.09035292409, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0153302448225, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:BLOWDOWN", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "process water blowdown S204 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S204" ], "title": "Process water blowdown to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.17792761607, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0951105088718, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SPENTCAUSTIC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "spent caustic S305 (D-009); upper-bound assumption: follows the ASSUMED 3:1 NaOH:CO2 ratio and 0.2 mol% feed CO2", "streams": [ "S305" ], "title": "Spent caustic to treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.35271581215, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.47010968486, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, HP, 520 degC, 115 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "product:HPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "TLE and convection-section steam Q102, Q103 (D-007)", "streams": [ "Q102", "Q103" ], "title": "SHP steam raised in the TLEs and convection sections (11500 kPa(a), 520 C)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.90426255648, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.72984417059, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "coolers and condensers Q201, Q302, Q304, Q403, Q602, Q604, Q606 (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q201", "Q302", "Q304", "Q403", "Q602", "Q604", "Q606" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.0042445272, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethylene", "uuid": "90f722bf-cb9b-571a-88fc-34286632bdc4" }, "key": "emission:C2H4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "zero after complete combustion (template component); an unburnt-hydrocarbon emission, not burden-free", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "C2H4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "zero after complete combustion (template component); an unburnt-hydrocarbon emission, not burden-free", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.61088425409e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "zero in the flowsheet after complete combustion; the unburnt CH4 is the combustion estimate below (add: true); estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; CH4 1 g/GJ (2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol. 2 Ch. 2 Table 2.3: natural gas in manufacturing industries, 1 kg CH4/TJ, used for the H2-rich fuel gas as a proxy (D-017))", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.0361422106, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.432560789877, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "fossil CO2 of the fuel gas (cracked-gas tail gas and natural gas); the feed CO2 is removed in the caustic tower T310 and leaves as carbonate in the spent caustic, not in the flue gas (D-009)", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.838032407858, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000385484602003, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NOx", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; NOx 23.93 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 (JRC109279) Table 13.1: BAT-AEL NOx for a new cracker furnace 60-100 mg/Nm3 at 3 vol% O2; upper end 100 mg/Nm3 x 239.3 Nm3/GJ (scripts/balance.py), D-017)", "title": "NOx to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.86100930868, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000192661756789, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; CO 11.96 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 13.1 note (3): CO generally 10-50 mg/Nm3; upper end 50 mg/Nm3 x 239.3 Nm3/GJ, D-017)", "title": "CO to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.55457446208, "scale": 0.878748443852 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.73850323195e-05, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; PM 1.7 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 3.4: dust 2.8-7.1 mg/Nm3 (dry, 3 % O2); upper end x 239.3 Nm3/GJ, D-017)", "title": "PM to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.5055139595, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.61088425409e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; N2O 0.1 g/GJ (2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol. 2 Ch. 2 Table 2.3: natural gas, 0.1 kg N2O/TJ, proxy (D-017))", "title": "N2O to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.3387273036, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "cpc": "34110", "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen; no regional background applied" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 1000000000.0, "source": "product:ETHYLENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "ethane steam cracking, 1000 kt/a ethylene, front-end demethaniser, tail-end acetylene hydrogenation", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "ethylene-1", "process_title": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:PROPYLENE", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Polymer-grade propylene", "state": "16 bar(a), 45 degC, 99.5 % C3H6 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "D-016: the WBCSD price-ratio test cannot be applied at concept stage because no co-product prices are set; mass allocation is kept as the physical relationship among co-products that are all hydrocarbon feedstocks, to be re-tested once prices exist.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0286535679625, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": "pyrolysis-gasoline", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Pyrolysis gasoline (C5/C6 cut), from Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (dataset ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PYGAS. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 16119.416557908 }, "in": 133500.148989801, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 133500.148989801 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 133503.086077274, "outputs": { "emissions": 16119.416557908, "outputs": 125.382402205, "products": 117258.28711716 }, "problems": [], "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -2.937087473, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:blowdown-effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:decoking": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:flare": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitives": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:sox": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:spent-caustic-effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 133500.148989801, "out": 133503.086077274, "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -2.937087473 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 35531.166455805, "out": 35532.515597828, "relative": -3.8e-05, "residual": -1.349142023 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 604996.25664237, "out": 604996.682995927, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.426353557 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 719.97398589, "out": 719.974171107, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.000185217 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 196541.153926135, "out": 196539.640453518, "relative": 8e-06, "residual": 1.513472617 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.577694, "inputs": { "electricity": 118910.7, "heat rejected": 372698.8, "steam": 92155.9 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 337237.9 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "emission:CO": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:N2O": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:NOx": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:PM": "estimated (emission_estimates furnace-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:FLUE": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:HPS": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 971288.7, "out": 971291.8993, "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -3.1993, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PYGAS", "dataset": { "id": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "path": "processes/ethylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene)", "uuid": "f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PYGAS" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.16133452967, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'ethane'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:ETHANE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh ethane S101, scripts/balance.py (D-003)", "streams": [ "S101" ], "title": "Purity ethane feed (pipeline)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.149569800462, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0705096042922, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NATGAS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fuel make-up S801 closing the firebox heat balance (D-013)", "streams": [ "S801" ], "title": "Natural gas make-up to the fuel header", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.65200634735, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0153302448225, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:BFW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "dilution steam make-up S203 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S203" ], "title": "Boiler feed water make-up to the dilution steam system", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.17792761607, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0917456190145, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CAUSTIC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fresh caustic S304 (D-009); upper-bound assumption: 3 mol NaOH per mol CO2 (ASSUMED, unsourced excess) on an ASSUMED 0.2 mol% feed CO2", "streams": [ "S304" ], "title": "Fresh caustic soda solution 10 wt%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.38873554235, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.870965190163, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "machine drives Q301, Q303, Q402 as electric motors (D-015); the refrigeration part Q402 is a conservative upper estimate (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q301", "Q303", "Q402" ], "title": "Electric power (machine drives, D-015)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.138153268298, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.33890095402, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 207.15 degC, 18 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "dilution steam generation Q210 (D-007)", "streams": [ "Q210" ], "title": "MP steam 1800 kPa(a) to the dilution steam generator", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.08204738532, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.336097855743, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "column reboilers Q502, Q601, Q603, Q605 (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q502", "Q601", "Q603", "Q605" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the column reboilers", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.09035292409, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0153302448225, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:BLOWDOWN", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "process water blowdown S204 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S204" ], "title": "Process water blowdown to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.17792761607, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0951105088718, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SPENTCAUSTIC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "spent caustic S305 (D-009); upper-bound assumption: follows the ASSUMED 3:1 NaOH:CO2 ratio and 0.2 mol% feed CO2", "streams": [ "S305" ], "title": "Spent caustic to treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.35271581215, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.47010968486, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, HP, 520 degC, 115 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "product:HPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "TLE and convection-section steam Q102, Q103 (D-007)", "streams": [ "Q102", "Q103" ], "title": "SHP steam raised in the TLEs and convection sections (11500 kPa(a), 520 C)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.90426255648, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.72984417059, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "coolers and condensers Q201, Q302, Q304, Q403, Q602, Q604, Q606 (D-014)", "streams": [ "Q201", "Q302", "Q304", "Q403", "Q602", "Q604", "Q606" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.0042445272, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethylene", "uuid": "90f722bf-cb9b-571a-88fc-34286632bdc4" }, "key": "emission:C2H4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "zero after complete combustion (template component); an unburnt-hydrocarbon emission, not burden-free", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "C2H4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "zero after complete combustion (template component); an unburnt-hydrocarbon emission, not burden-free", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.61088425409e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "zero in the flowsheet after complete combustion; the unburnt CH4 is the combustion estimate below (add: true); estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; CH4 1 g/GJ (2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol. 2 Ch. 2 Table 2.3: natural gas in manufacturing industries, 1 kg CH4/TJ, used for the H2-rich fuel gas as a proxy (D-017))", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.0361422106, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.432560789877, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "fossil CO2 of the fuel gas (cracked-gas tail gas and natural gas); the feed CO2 is removed in the caustic tower T310 and leaves as carbonate in the spent caustic, not in the flue gas (D-009)", "streams": [ "S804" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.838032407858, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000385484602003, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NOx", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; NOx 23.93 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 (JRC109279) Table 13.1: BAT-AEL NOx for a new cracker furnace 60-100 mg/Nm3 at 3 vol% O2; upper end 100 mg/Nm3 x 239.3 Nm3/GJ (scripts/balance.py), D-017)", "title": "NOx to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.86100930868, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000192661756789, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; CO 11.96 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 13.1 note (3): CO generally 10-50 mg/Nm3; upper end 50 mg/Nm3 x 239.3 Nm3/GJ, D-017)", "title": "CO to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.55457446208, "scale": 0.878748443852 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.73850323195e-05, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; PM 1.7 g/GJ (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 3.4: dust 2.8-7.1 mg/Nm3 (dry, 3 % O2); upper end x 239.3 Nm3/GJ, D-017)", "title": "PM to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.5055139595, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.61088425409e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates furnace-combustion): D-017: BREF concentrations converted with the flue gas volume of scripts/balance.py; IPCC defaults as proxies; N2O 0.1 g/GJ (2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol. 2 Ch. 2 Table 2.3: natural gas, 0.1 kg N2O/TJ, proxy (D-017))", "title": "N2O to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.3387273036, "scale": 0.40709546491 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "cpc": "34110", "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen; no regional background applied" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 1000000000.0, "source": "product:ETHYLENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "ethane steam cracking, 1000 kt/a ethylene, front-end demethaniser, tail-end acetylene hydrogenation", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "ethylene-1", "process_title": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:PYGAS", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Pyrolysis gasoline (C5/C6 cut)", "state": "5.5 bar(a), 110 degC, 100 % C6H6 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "Physical (mass) allocation in place of the price ratio of the hierarchy: no open price of MEG, DEG and TEG is recorded yet (registry has no glycol entries); DEG is 7.7 % of the product mass, TEG 0.3 %. To revisit with open prices (D-010).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0766916546143, "source": "study" }, "cas": "111-46-6", "chemical": "diethylene-glycol", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Diethylene glycol to storage, from Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (dataset ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:DEG. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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50 t/h MEG", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)", "preliminary": true, "process": "ethylene-glycol-1", "process_title": "Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:MEG", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol), Monoethylene glycol to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.9 % MEG (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "Physical (mass) allocation in place of the price ratio of the hierarchy: no open price of MEG, DEG and TEG is recorded yet (registry has no glycol entries); DEG is 7.7 % of the product mass, TEG 0.3 %. To revisit with open prices (D-010).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.00328081816208, "source": "study" }, "cas": "112-27-6", "chemical": "triethylene-glycol", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Triethylene glycol to storage, from Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (dataset ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:TEG. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 3782.055721336 }, "in": 25875.184440697, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 25875.184440697 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 25875.186353595, "outputs": { "emissions": 3782.055721336, "outputs": 775.443240848, "products": 21317.687391411 }, "problems": [], "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.001912898, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:k2co3-makeup": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:moderator": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:eo-vents": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitives": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:trace-byproducts": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 184.120797, "out": 184.1015715, "relative": 0.000104, "residual": 0.0192255 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 25875.184440697, "out": 25875.186353595, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.001912898 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 5696.805784116, "out": 5696.811179609, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.005395493 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 39579.488978187, "out": 39579.500895296, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.011917109 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "a894f803-0935-5bfb-9310-41cdf6beff87" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.547961034994, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; ethylene (Polymer-grade ethylene) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:ETHYLENE", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "reference_product": "Polymer-grade ethylene" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:ETH", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S1 (scripts/eg_balance.py, D-006)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Ethylene (pipeline polymer grade)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.601551098588, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.543371937688, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names oxygen only; oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5 (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:OXY", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S2 (D-003, D-006)", "streams": [ "S2" ], "title": "Oxygen (pipeline GOX from asu-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.609961225414, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00925363686882, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'methane'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:MET", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S3: methane lost with the purge and the CO2 vent (D-006)", "streams": [ "S3" ], "title": "Methane ballast make-up", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.68273862972, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.212027703869, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:PW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S22: hydration water and the bleed less the combustion water (D-006)", "streams": [ "S22" ], "title": "Process water make-up (demineralised)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.55103833422, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.01008902186, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 230.45 degC, 28 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q4-Q8 and Q23: MP steam import to the first evaporator effect (top-up), the glycol reactor feed heater and the drying and glycol column reboilers, net of the 66.3 MW steam raised in R-101 (reaction heat less the gas heating across the reactor) and used in the plant (D-008)", "streams": [ "Q4", "Q5", "Q6", "Q7", "Q8", "Q23" ], "title": "MP steam 2800 kPa(a) import", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.0100384674245, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.124417162562, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q9 (K-101) + Q10 (P-202) + Q11 (P-401) + Q12 (auxiliaries, ASSUMED 20 kWh/t), D-008", "streams": [ "Q9", "Q10", "Q11", "Q12" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.08411514548, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.000268648037949, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:HVY", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S37 (D-006)", "streams": [ "S37" ], "title": "Heavy glycols residue (to sale or incineration)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.22210844419, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0235803055227, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:PURGE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S16: 0.15 % of the recycle gas (D-004)", "streams": [ "S16" ], "title": "Inerts purge to the fuel gas header", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.7473434271, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.028051639305, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S31: 0.5 % bleed of the recycle water (D-005)", "streams": [ "S31" ], "title": "Recycle water bleed to biological treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.57370820648, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.14428055687, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q13-Q22 (D-008)", "streams": [ "Q13", "Q14", "Q15", "Q16", "Q17", "Q18", "Q19", "Q20", "Q21", "Q22" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.14558510623, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.000359784934365, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethylene", "uuid": "90f722bf-cb9b-571a-88fc-34286632bdc4" }, "key": "emission:C2H4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ethylene (NMVOC) dissolved in the carbonate solution, 0.5 kg/t EO ASSUMED inside BREF LVOC Table 7.4 (NMVOC 0.07-1.35 kg/t EO before treatment), D-006", "streams": [ "S21" ], "title": "C2H4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.93000410957, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000359784934365, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "methane ballast dissolved in the carbonate solution, 0.5 kg/t EO ASSUMED inside BREF LVOC Table 7.4 (0.03-1.45 kg/t EO before treatment), D-006", "streams": [ "S21" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.93000410957, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.252873016123, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "CO2 from the combustion of fossil ethylene in R-101, desorbed in the carbonate regenerator (D-006)", "streams": [ "S21" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.37486782881, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00014398430801, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:eo-catalyst", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "DESIGN.md D-010; ASSUMED 0.2 kg/t EO inside BREF LVOC 2017 7.3.6.3 (0.12-0.8 kg/t EO spent catalyst)", "title": "Silver EO catalyst on alumina (replacement charge, averaged)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.84580623648, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": null, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 400000000.0, "source": "product:MEG per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "EO/EG glycols-only plant: O2-based EO reactor (silver catalyst, methane ballast), water absorption of EO, hot potassium carbonate CO2 removal, thermal hydration (water:EO 20 mol/mol), 4-effect evaporation, vacuum MEG/DEG/TEG columns; 50 t/h MEG", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)", "preliminary": true, "process": "ethylene-glycol-1", "process_title": "Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:TEG", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Triethylene glycol to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 98.3352 % TEG (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "50-00-0", "chemical": "formaldehyde", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Formaldehyde, Formalin 50 wt% to storage, from Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) (dataset formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity formaldehyde-1:formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt:product:FORMALIN. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 280.037279513 }, "in": 4301.273971662, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 4301.273971662 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 4301.291165345, "outputs": { "emissions": 280.037279513, "products": 4021.253885832 }, "problems": [], "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.017193683, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:paraform-waste": { "amount": 0.7, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitives": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:wastewater": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 448.167478426, "out": 448.152793929, "relative": 3.3e-05, "residual": 0.014684498 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 4301.273971662, "out": 4301.291165345, "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.017193683 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 1883.641667105, "out": 1883.65934052, "relative": -9e-06, "residual": -0.017673414 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 26273.807671721, "out": 26273.809987893, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.002316173 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 17269.809211086, "out": 17269.786692314, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.022518772 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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Metal fractions ASSUMED from Fe2(MoO4)3 with excess MoO3 (Mo about 50 wt%, Fe about 10 wt%), to be confirmed", "title": "Iron molybdate reactor catalyst (R-101)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.4143131763, "scale": 0.34657359028 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 7.5e-06, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:ecs-catalyst", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0.015 kg per t HCHO (CEFIC figure in BREF LVOC 2017 Table 6.11 note (1); the table's DE value is 0.002 kg/t) x 80 000 t/a; Pt loading ASSUMED 0.2 wt%", "title": "Noble-metal ECS catalyst (R-301)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.8006075374, "scale": 0.549306144334 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:oil-filters", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0.06 kg oil/filters per t HCHO for disposal (BREF LVOC 2017 Table 6.11, NL value) x 80 000 t/a", "title": "Oil and filters (heat-transfer oil top-up, lubricants, gas and product filters)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.4143131763, "scale": 0.549306144334 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.oil-filters", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "BREF LVOC 2017 s. 6.3.5 and Table 6.11 (disposal)", "title": "Disposal: Oil and filters (heat-transfer oil top-up, lubricants, gas and product filters) (incineration of waste oil and filters (BREF s. 6.3.5: reclaimer or incineration))", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.4143131763, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 5, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "generic European site (not chosen); process data ranges from the EU BREF LVOC 2017" }, "location": "RER" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 160000000.0, "source": "product:FORMALIN per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "metal oxide (iron molybdate) methanol oxidation, off-gas recycle, absorption to 50 wt% formalin, catalytic oxidiser with steam recovery; 20 t/h formalin", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "RER", "name": "Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%)", "preliminary": true, "process": "formaldehyde-1", "process_title": "Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:FORMALIN", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Formaldehyde, Formalin 50 wt% to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 60 degC, 62.245 % H2O (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "64-18-6", "chemical": "formic-acid", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Formic acid 85 wt% to storage, from Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (dataset formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity formic-acid-1:formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a:product:FA. 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Subdivision is not possible (one acidulation serves all three outputs), substitution needs background datasets that are not linked at this stage and no sourced prices for refined glycerol and the fatty layer were collected in this run. Mass shares with the methanol as a return are a declared preliminary placeholder until prices are sourced and the crude-glycerol background is chosen.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.1267, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": null, "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Fatty-acid layer to the biodiesel plant, from Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (dataset crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:FAL. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SPAC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S19 (D-011)", "streams": [ "S19" ], "title": "Spent activated carbon", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.65470555, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.324055986984, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S10 (evaporator condensate) and S15 (vacuum intercondenser condensate with the ejector motive steam), D-008, D-009", "streams": [ "S10", "S15" ], "title": "Process wastewater to treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.12683897878, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.804392311511, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q2, Q4, Q6, Q7, Q8 (D-012)", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q4", "Q6", "Q7", "Q8" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.217668179171, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "gaps": 6, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site next to a biodiesel plant, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 10000000.0, "source": "product:GLYC per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Crude glycerol refining: HCl acidulation, fatty-layer decanting, NaOH neutralisation, atmospheric methanol column, vacuum dewatering, vacuum still with live steam and salt centrifuge, activated carbon bleaching; 10 000 t/a glycerol 99.7 wt%", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "glycerol-1", "process_title": "Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:FAL", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Fatty-acid layer to the biodiesel plant", "state": "1.5 bar(a), 68.45 degC, 94 % FAME (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "D-013: the library hierarchy prefers subdivision or system expansion, then economic (price ratio) allocation. Subdivision is not possible (one acidulation serves all three outputs), substitution needs background datasets that are not linked at this stage and no sourced prices for refined glycerol and the fatty layer were collected in this run. Mass shares with the methanol as a return are a declared preliminary placeholder until prices are sourced and the crude-glycerol background is chosen.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.8733, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": null, "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Refined glycerol USP 99.7 wt% to storage, from Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (dataset crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:GLYC. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "biogenic": 643.823783972, "fossil": 265.480268357 }, "in": 909.307758952, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 643.826408856, "fossil": 265.481350096 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 909.304052329, "outputs": { "outputs": 35.033455124, "products": 874.270597205 }, "problems": [], "relative": 4e-06, "residual": 0.003706622, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": {}, "dataset": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 909.30775836, "out": 909.304052111, "relative": 4e-06, "residual": 0.003706249 }, "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 45.250916671, "out": 45.250149677, "relative": 1.7e-05, "residual": 0.000766994 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 274.256532506, "out": 274.257687033, "relative": -4e-06, "residual": -0.001154528 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 29.343871655, "out": 29.345583669, "relative": -5.8e-05, "residual": -0.001712014 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 1454.863220808, "out": 1454.872527509, "relative": -6e-06, "residual": -0.009306701 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 62.4, "heat rejected": 1151.1, "steam": 946.3 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:HPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 2713.0223, "out": 2713.03, "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -0.0077, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:GLYC", "dataset": { "id": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "path": "processes/glycerol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Crude glycerol refining to USP glycerol (10 000 t/a, 99.7 wt%)", "uuid": "054d1b00-1c5c-50d2-ae02-e33dd3721f07", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Crude glycerol refining to USP glycerol (10 000 t/a, 99.7 wt%), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:GLYC" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/054d1b00-1c5c-50d2-ae02-e33dd3721f07.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "054d1b00-1c5c-50d2-ae02-e33dd3721f07" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.5382865112, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CRUDE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S1 (composition Thompson & He 2006, D-004)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Crude glycerol from the biodiesel plant", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.4306691419, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.1016032152, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid-32", "location": "GLO", "name": "hydrochloric acid, 32 wt-% in water, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "hydrochloric acid, 32 wt-%" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:HCLA", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S2 (D-005)", "streams": [ "S2" ], "title": "Hydrochloric acid 32 wt%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.28668009867, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.006484986072, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sodium-hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NAOHS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S6 (D-005)", "streams": [ "S6" ], "title": "Caustic soda 50 wt%", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.03826560894, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0017535864, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:ACF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S18 (D-011)", "streams": [ "S18" ], "title": "Activated carbon (fresh)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.34609221672, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.091836228, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-mp", "location": "GLO", "name": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), per kg, as heat from steam (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a)" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LSTM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S14: live stripping steam of the still (D-009)", "streams": [ "S14" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a), live stripping steam to the still", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.38774841868, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.1554613728, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-mp", "location": "GLO", "name": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), per kg, as heat from steam (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a)" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MSTM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S22: motive steam of the still booster ejectors J-403 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S22" ], "title": "MP steam 1000 kPa(a), motive steam of the still vacuum ejectors", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.86135798465, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.375728592, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 179.85 degC, 10 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q1 (C-201 reboiler), D-007, D-012", "streams": [ "Q1" ], "title": "MP steam 1000 kPa(a) to the methanol column reboiler (condensate returned)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.978888226024, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.025011312, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q3 (E-301 evaporator), D-012", "streams": [ "Q3" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the dewatering evaporator (condensate returned)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.68842707645, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.260383128, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, HP, 233.85 degC, 30 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:HPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q5 (E-401 still reboiler), D-012", "streams": [ "Q5" ], "title": "HP steam 3000 kPa(a) to the still reboiler (condensate returned)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.34560116337, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.043595136, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "W1 to W5, 50 kWh/t product ASSUMED (D-012)", "streams": [ "W1", "W2", "W3", "W4", "W5" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.13280969448, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0586298688, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SALT", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S12 (D-010)", "streams": [ "S12" ], "title": "Salt cake to disposal", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.83651100577, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.038495064, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:FOOTS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S13 (D-010)", "streams": [ "S13" ], "title": "Glycerol foots (still residue liquor) to digestion or incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.2572252537, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0035001864, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SPAC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S19 (D-011)", "streams": [ "S19" ], "title": "Spent activated carbon", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.65493905476, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.3239803272, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S10 (evaporator condensate) and S15 (vacuum intercondenser condensate with the ejector motive steam), D-008, D-009", "streams": [ "S10", "S15" ], "title": "Process wastewater to treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.12707248355, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.804204504, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q2, Q4, Q6, Q7, Q8 (D-012)", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q4", "Q6", "Q7", "Q8" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.217901683938, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "gaps": 6, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site next to a biodiesel plant, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 10000000.0, "source": "product:GLYC per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Crude glycerol refining: HCl acidulation, fatty-layer decanting, NaOH neutralisation, atmospheric methanol column, vacuum dewatering, vacuum still with live steam and salt centrifuge, activated carbon bleaching; 10 000 t/a glycerol 99.7 wt%", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "glycerol-1", "process_title": "Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:GLYC", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Refined glycerol USP 99.7 wt% to storage", "state": "2.5 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7 % GLY (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "energy", "reason": "The WBCSD price-ratio rule cannot be applied: no co-product prices are set at the concept stage. Energy (LHV) is used because the fuel gas co-product is an energy carrier sold to the site fuel system and the products are all fuels or hydrocarbons with similar LHVs; mass would give the high-LHV fuel gas a smaller share than its energy content (D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.755308047955, "source": "study" }, "cas": "71-43-2", "chemical": "benzene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Benzene to storage, from Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) (dataset toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:BENZENE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 14079.451656345, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 14079.451656345 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 14079.705190146, "outputs": { "products": 14079.705190146 }, "problems": [], "relative": -1.8e-05, "residual": -0.253533802, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:c203-vacuum-power": { "amount": 15.0, "direction": "input", "unit": "kWh" }, "cutoff:small-pumps-power": { "amount": 15.0, "direction": "input", "unit": "kWh" }, "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:heater-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:no-process-effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage-tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 14079.451656345, "out": 14079.705190146, "relative": -1.8e-05, "residual": -0.253533802 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 1740.388343655, "out": 1740.374809854, "relative": 8e-06, "residual": 0.013533802 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 564.838492, "heat": 3042.17, "heat rejected": 10777.369, "steam": 5548.318 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:FUEL": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:HPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 15819.84, "out": 15820.08, "relative": -1.5e-05, "residual": -0.24, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:BENZENE", "dataset": { "id": "toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda", "path": "processes/hda-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA)", "uuid": "9c909dd0-ea10-506a-8ef8-3d4a5fdeac69", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:BENZENE" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/9c909dd0-ea10-506a-8ef8-3d4a5fdeac69.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:H2O2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "hydrogen peroxide S01 (D-003, D-004); D-004 yield 0.85 ASSUMED, sensitivity 0.81-0.95 in DESIGN.md D-004", "streams": [ "S01" ], "title": "Hydrogen peroxide 70 wt% (hydrogen-peroxide-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.137518994064, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.72396, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; ammonia (Liquid ammonia product (refrigerated, to the battery limit)) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3", "kind": "pinned", "location": "NL", "name": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "reference_product": "Liquid ammonia product (refrigerated, to the battery limit)" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NH3F", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ammonia S02 (D-004, D-008)", "streams": [ "S02" ], "title": "Ammonia liquid (ammonia-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.323019136741, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.078721, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); 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unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:N2F", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for nitrogen, liquid", "reference_product": "nitrogen, liquid" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "N2 sweep of the reactor and decanter headspaces S04 (D-015, ASSUMED: O2 at most 8 mol% in the vent)", "streams": [ "S04" ], "title": "Nitrogen for headspace inerting", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.14914850129, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.048192, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; acetic-acid (Glacial acetic acid to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation none (single-output); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "acetic-acid-1:acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water:product:HAC", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept)", "reference_product": "Glacial acetic acid to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:ACOHF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "acetic acid make-up S10 (D-005)", "streams": [ "S10" ], "title": "Acetic acid make-up", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.0325622468, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0024095, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:PHOSF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "phosphate make-up S11 (D-005)", "streams": [ "S11" ], "title": "Disodium phosphate make-up", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.02833602188, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.449611, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:DW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "hydrolysis make-up water S40 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S40" ], "title": "Demineralised water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.371295244578, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.05, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "agitators and pumps Q01, Q02 (D-010, ASSUMED hand estimate)", "streams": [ "Q01", "Q02" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.99573227355, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 6.208, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 212.35 degC, 20 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "regeneration, azine and hydrolysis column reboilers Q03-Q05 (D-010). A LOWER BOUND: the hydrolysis column C-401 (Q05) leaves out the endothermic hydrolysis heat and assumes reflux 1; its high variant (reflux 2.5, 25-75 kJ/mol azine, ASSUMED) adds 1.7-2.2 MW, i.e. MP steam up to about 7.3 kWh instead of 6.2 kWh per kg hydrate (+18 %), until the column can be simulated (I-02)", "streams": [ "Q14", "Q03", "Q04", "Q05" ], "title": "MP steam 2000 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.82583878288, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 1.992, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 151.83 degC, 5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ammonia recovery and concentration column reboilers Q06, Q07 (D-010)", "streams": [ "Q06", "Q07" ], "title": "LP steam 500 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.689139159162, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.061776, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:BUOHB", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "2-butanol bleed S33 (D-004, D-006)", "streams": [ "S33" ], "title": "2-Butanol bleed to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.78424033946, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0281465, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:HEAVY", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "pyrazoline purge S46 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S46" ], "title": "Pyrazoline purge to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.57033226605, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0996235, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:WSP", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "working-solution purge S15 (D-005)", "streams": [ "S15" ], "title": "Working-solution purge to incineration", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.30635719845, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.199873, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "regeneration water after ammonia recovery S24 (D-008); a hydrazine trace, peroxide residues and stabiliser are not modelled (D-014)", "streams": [ "S24" ], "title": "Waste water to treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.788399631425, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 9.4455, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "heat to cooling water Q08-Q13 (D-010)", "streams": [ "Q08", "Q09", "Q10", "Q11", "Q12", "Q13" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 2.24553843761, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.004788678375, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Methyl ethyl ketone", "uuid": "d3709c7e-7c61-45a4-92e4-f7cf95ebe3a2" }, "key": "emission:MEK", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "MEK in the off-gas, 0.5 mol% ASSUMED (D-008)", "streams": [ "S07" ], "title": "MEK to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.34150081899, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00226229634, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ammonia", "uuid": "87883a4e-1e3e-4c9d-90c0-f1bea36f8014" }, "key": "emission:NH3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ammonia in the off-gas, 1 mol% after the vent condenser/scrubber ASSUMED (D-008)", "streams": [ "S07" ], "title": "NH3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.09137490191, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 6, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 16000000.0, "source": "product:HH per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "ammonia oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of methyl ethyl ketone in an activated (acetamide/ammonium acetate, phosphate) working solution at 323 K, azine decantation and distillation, working-solution regeneration by evaporation at 453 K with ammonia recovery, azine hydrolysis by reactive distillation at about 900 kPa(a), hydrate concentration; 16 kt/a hydrazine hydrate (10.2 kt/a N2H4), concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a)", "preliminary": true, "process": "hydrazine-1", "process_title": "Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:HH", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Hydrazine hydrate (64 wt% N2H4)", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 64 % N2H4 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Hydrogen and steam are not products of one separation, so neither curated physical rule of the hierarchy fits exactly, and the WBCSD price ratio is not available (no sourced prices at concept). Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam by energy or exergy and steam has no heating value; it weighs the steam by its work potential rather than by its enthalpy (DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.901138147651, "source": "study" }, "cas": "1333-74-0", "chemical": "hydrogen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Hydrogen product 99.9 mol% to battery limit, from Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) (dataset hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:H2. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 25120.38786566 }, "in": 25108.952271281, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 25108.952271281 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 25120.38786566, "outputs": { "emissions": 25120.38786566 }, "problems": [], "relative": -0.000455, "residual": -11.435594379, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": {}, "dataset": "hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 3609.962941118, "out": 3609.955674149, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.007266968 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 25108.952271281, "out": 25120.38786566, "relative": -0.000455, "residual": -11.435594379 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 24077.704312897, "out": 24077.693600934, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.010711963 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 213490.392365734, "out": 213490.234605137, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.157760596 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 192595.978108971, "out": 192608.920254119, "relative": -6.7e-05, "residual": -12.942145149 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 1485.3619, "heat rejected": 31046.4 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "emission:N2O": "estimated (emission_estimates H301-firing): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:NOx": "estimated (emission_estimates H301-firing): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:DAV": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:FLUE": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 458882.99, "out": 458907.192, "relative": -5.3e-05, "residual": -24.202, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:H2", "dataset": { "id": "hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export", "path": "processes/hydrogen-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Hydrogen by steam methane reforming (100 000 Nm3/h, PSA, steam export)", "uuid": "77419871-8deb-597d-a41b-2c2d464802e7", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Hydrogen by steam methane reforming (100 000 Nm3/h, PSA, steam export), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:H2" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/77419871-8deb-597d-a41b-2c2d464802e7.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "77419871-8deb-597d-a41b-2c2d464802e7" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 2.90893912894, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Natural gas feedstock (S1), high pressure, at the plant gate: connect to a market for natural gas, high pressure, of the site's country (extraction, processing, long-distance transport, including methane leakage upstream). Its carbon is the feedstock (process) CO2 of product:FLUE.", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Natural gas feedstock", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.06778845421, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.557828327167, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NGF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Natural gas trim fuel (S20), the same supply as feed:NG: connect to the same market for natural gas, high pressure; its combustion emissions are in product:FLUE (the trim-fuel carbon is the combustion CO2), so link the supply only, not a 'heat from natural gas' activity (that would count the combustion twice).", "streams": [ "S20" ], "title": "Natural gas trim fuel", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.583704021344, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 14.1528420245, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:DMW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Demineralised water (S27, boiler feed make-up): connect to water, deionised / completely softened, at the user (the water treatment plant's chemicals, energy and the raw water withdrawn as a resource).", "streams": [ "S27" ], "title": "Demineralised make-up water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 2.64991545371, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.147451198615, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Electricity for the fans K-301 and K-302, the boiler feed water pump P-401 and the recycle compressor K-101 (Q1, Q10-Q12): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q10", "Q11", "Q12" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.91425801479, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.190222285768, "direction": "input", "key": "product:BD", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Boiler blowdown (S34), water with the boiler's dissolved solids and conditioning chemicals (not modelled): connect to treatment of wastewater, average, at a municipal or industrial treatment plant (or the site's own effluent treatment).", "streams": [ "S34" ], "title": "Boiler blowdown", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.65956196556, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.0819619735, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q9, E-202, 298/308 K): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower (pumping and fan electricity, make-up water withdrawn and evaporated, blowdown, treatment chemicals), per kWh of heat removed.", "streams": [ "Q9" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.12556639857, "scale": 0.352409341888 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unburnt ethane: 0 in the balance (complete combustion assumed, D-009); not estimated (open)", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Propane", "uuid": "3a6c936c-0276-4f11-9d98-1bd011387a6e" }, "key": "emission:C3H8", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unburnt propane: 0 in the balance (complete combustion assumed, D-009); not estimated (open)", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "C3H8 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 7.83363321265e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unburnt methane of the stack: 0 in the balance (D-009) plus the combustion estimate H301-firing; estimated (combustion, emission_estimates H301-firing): ASSUMED applicability: Tier 1 default factors for natural gas burnt in stationary combustion, applied to the whole fired duty although about two thirds of it is PSA tail gas (H2, CH4, CO, CO2). Replaces the determined-looking zero of the complete-combustion balance for CH4 and CO (review 2026-10-27-pfd-lci-review#2). Burner-specific factors (low-NOx burners, SCR if any) replace them at the next stage.; CH4 1 g/GJ (IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Vol. 2 ch. 2, Table 2.3, natural gas (stationary combustion, manufacturing industries): 1 kg/TJ)", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.45449905076, "scale": 0.420515126543 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00227116546589, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "carbon monoxide of the stack: 0 in the balance (D-009) plus the combustion estimate H301-firing; estimated (combustion, emission_estimates H301-firing): ASSUMED applicability: Tier 1 default factors for natural gas burnt in stationary combustion, applied to the whole fired duty although about two thirds of it is PSA tail gas (H2, CH4, CO, CO2). Replaces the determined-looking zero of the complete-combustion balance for CH4 and CO (review 2026-10-27-pfd-lci-review#2). Burner-specific factors (low-NOx burners, SCR if any) replace them at the next stage.; CO 29 g/GJ (EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, 1.A.2, Tier 1 gaseous fuels (value not re-read in this run: verify at the next stage))", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.08746215815, "scale": 0.885045242727 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 9.13323932747, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Fossil CO2 of the stack: the feedstock carbon (reforming and shift, released when the PSA tail gas burns) plus the trim-fuel carbon; carbon in = carbon out (DESIGN.md D-011). The split is given in lca/README.md from feed:NG and feed:NGF.", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 2.21192043206, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 6.43736880096e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unburnt hydrogen: 0 in the balance (D-009); not estimated (no published factor used at concept)", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.9533906726, "scale": 0.420515126543 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00368779623944, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Water", "uuid": "09872080-d143-4fb1-a3a5-647b077107ff" }, "key": "emission:H2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "water vapour of combustion and of the fuel, to air", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "H2O to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.60272622442, "scale": 0.420515126543 }, "unit": "cubic meter" }, { "amount": 7.82641085571e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates H301-firing): ASSUMED applicability: Tier 1 default factors for natural gas burnt in stationary combustion, applied to the whole fired duty although about two thirds of it is PSA tail gas (H2, CH4, CO, CO2). Replaces the determined-looking zero of the complete-combustion balance for CH4 and CO (review 2026-10-27-pfd-lci-review#2). Burner-specific factors (low-NOx burners, SCR if any) replace them at the next stage.; N2O 0.1 g/GJ (IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Vol. 2 ch. 2, Table 2.3, natural gas (stationary combustion, manufacturing industries): 0.1 kg/TJ)", "title": "N2O to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.7580065367, "scale": 0.408618061626 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00579154403323, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NOx", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates H301-firing): ASSUMED applicability: Tier 1 default factors for natural gas burnt in stationary combustion, applied to the whole fired duty although about two thirds of it is PSA tail gas (H2, CH4, CO, CO2). Replaces the determined-looking zero of the complete-combustion balance for CH4 and CO (review 2026-10-27-pfd-lci-review#2). Burner-specific factors (low-NOx burners, SCR if any) replace them at the next stage.; NOx 74 g/GJ (EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, 1.A.2, Tier 1 gaseous fuels, as NO2 (value not re-read in this run: verify at the next stage))", "title": "NOx to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.15135635054, "scale": 0.408618061626 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": null, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" }, "product": { "cpc": "34210", "hs": "2804.10", "source": "chemicals/chemicals.yaml (hydrogen)" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 76252596.0, "source": "product:H2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "natural-gas steam methane reforming, top-fired tubular reformer, HT shift, hydrogen PSA, tail gas firing, steam export; 100 000 Nm3/h", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)", "preliminary": false, "process": "hydrogen-1", "process_title": "Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:H2", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Hydrogen product 99.9 mol% to battery limit", "state": "28.5 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.8996 % H2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "hydrogen-bromide-1:hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt:product:HBRACID" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Hydrogen and steam are not products of one separation, so neither curated physical rule of the hierarchy fits exactly, and the WBCSD price ratio is not available (no sourced prices at concept). Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam by energy or exergy and steam has no heating value; it weighs the steam by its work potential rather than by its enthalpy (DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0988618523494, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": "steam", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Export steam 4300 kPa(a) 673 K, from Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) (dataset hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:STEAMX. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 25120.38786566 }, "in": 25108.952271281, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 25108.952271281 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 25120.38786566, "outputs": { "emissions": 25120.38786566 }, "problems": [], "relative": -0.000455, "residual": -11.435594379, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": {}, "dataset": "hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 3609.962941118, "out": 3609.955674149, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.007266968 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 25108.952271281, "out": 25120.38786566, "relative": -0.000455, "residual": -11.435594379 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 24077.704312897, "out": 24077.693600934, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.010711963 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 213490.392365734, "out": 213490.234605137, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.157760596 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 192595.978108971, "out": 192608.920254119, "relative": -6.7e-05, "residual": -12.942145149 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 1485.3619, "heat rejected": 31046.4 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "emission:N2O": "estimated (emission_estimates H301-firing): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:NOx": "estimated (emission_estimates H301-firing): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:DAV": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:FLUE": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 458882.99, "out": 458907.192, "relative": -5.3e-05, "residual": -24.202, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:STEAMX", "dataset": { "id": "hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export", "path": "processes/hydrogen-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Hydrogen by steam methane reforming (100 000 Nm3/h, PSA, steam export)", "uuid": "77419871-8deb-597d-a41b-2c2d464802e7", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Hydrogen by steam methane reforming (100 000 Nm3/h, PSA, steam export), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:STEAMX" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/77419871-8deb-597d-a41b-2c2d464802e7.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "77419871-8deb-597d-a41b-2c2d464802e7" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.0301490216748, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Natural gas feedstock (S1), high pressure, at the plant gate: connect to a market for natural gas, high pressure, of the site's country (extraction, processing, long-distance transport, including methane leakage upstream). Its carbon is the feedstock (process) CO2 of product:FLUE.", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Natural gas feedstock", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.50160280493, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00578148169525, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NGF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Natural gas trim fuel (S20), the same supply as feed:NG: connect to the same market for natural gas, high pressure; its combustion emissions are in product:FLUE (the trim-fuel carbon is the combustion CO2), so link the supply only, not a 'heat from natural gas' activity (that would count the combustion twice).", "streams": [ "S20" ], "title": "Natural gas trim fuel", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.15309528049, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.146683832848, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:DMW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Demineralised water (S27, boiler feed make-up): connect to water, deionised / completely softened, at the user (the water treatment plant's chemicals, energy and the raw water withdrawn as a resource).", "streams": [ "S27" ], "title": "Demineralised make-up water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.91947580544, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0015282235846, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Electricity for the fans K-301 and K-302, the boiler feed water pump P-401 and the recycle compressor K-101 (Q1, Q10-Q12): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q10", "Q11", "Q12" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.48364927394, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00197151454961, "direction": "input", "key": "product:BD", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Boiler blowdown (S34), water with the boiler's dissolved solids and conditioning chemicals (not modelled): connect to treatment of wastewater, average, at a municipal or industrial treatment plant (or the site's own effluent treatment).", "streams": [ "S34" ], "title": "Boiler blowdown", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.2289532247, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0319422766243, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q9, E-202, 298/308 K): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower (pumping and fan electricity, make-up water withdrawn and evaporated, blowdown, treatment chemicals), per kWh of heat removed.", "streams": [ "Q9" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.44382486058, "scale": 0.352409341888 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unburnt ethane: 0 in the balance (complete combustion assumed, D-009); not estimated (open)", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Propane", "uuid": "3a6c936c-0276-4f11-9d98-1bd011387a6e" }, "key": "emission:C3H8", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unburnt propane: 0 in the balance (complete combustion assumed, D-009); not estimated (open)", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "C3H8 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 8.11898658074e-07, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "70ef743b-3ed5-4a6d-b192-fb6d62378555" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unburnt methane of the stack: 0 in the balance (D-009) plus the combustion estimate H301-firing; estimated (combustion, emission_estimates H301-firing): ASSUMED applicability: Tier 1 default factors for natural gas burnt in stationary combustion, applied to the whole fired duty although about two thirds of it is PSA tail gas (H2, CH4, CO, CO2). Replaces the determined-looking zero of the complete-combustion balance for CH4 and CO (review 2026-10-27-pfd-lci-review#2). Burner-specific factors (low-NOx burners, SCR if any) replace them at the next stage.; CH4 1 g/GJ (IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Vol. 2 ch. 2, Table 2.3, natural gas (stationary combustion, manufacturing industries): 1 kg/TJ)", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -14.0238903099, "scale": 0.420515126543 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.3538965177e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "carbon monoxide of the stack: 0 in the balance (D-009) plus the combustion estimate H301-firing; estimated (combustion, emission_estimates H301-firing): ASSUMED applicability: Tier 1 default factors for natural gas burnt in stationary combustion, applied to the whole fired duty although about two thirds of it is PSA tail gas (H2, CH4, CO, CO2). Replaces the determined-looking zero of the complete-combustion balance for CH4 and CO (review 2026-10-27-pfd-lci-review#2). Burner-specific factors (low-NOx burners, SCR if any) replace them at the next stage.; CO 29 g/GJ (EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, 1.A.2, Tier 1 gaseous fuels (value not re-read in this run: verify at the next stage))", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.6568534173, "scale": 0.885045242727 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0946593305118, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Fossil CO2 of the stack: the feedstock carbon (reforming and shift, released when the PSA tail gas burns) plus the trim-fuel carbon; carbon in = carbon out (DESIGN.md D-011). The split is given in lca/README.md from feed:NG and feed:NGF.", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.35747082709, "scale": 0.369225680591 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 6.67186087113e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unburnt hydrogen: 0 in the balance (D-009); not estimated (no published factor used at concept)", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.5227819318, "scale": 0.420515126543 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.82213046842e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Water", "uuid": "09872080-d143-4fb1-a3a5-647b077107ff" }, "key": "emission:H2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "water vapour of combustion and of the fuel, to air", "streams": [ "S26", "S35" ], "title": "H2O to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.1721174836, "scale": 0.420515126543 }, "unit": "cubic meter" }, { "amount": 8.1115011372e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates H301-firing): ASSUMED applicability: Tier 1 default factors for natural gas burnt in stationary combustion, applied to the whole fired duty although about two thirds of it is PSA tail gas (H2, CH4, CO, CO2). Replaces the determined-looking zero of the complete-combustion balance for CH4 and CO (review 2026-10-27-pfd-lci-review#2). Burner-specific factors (low-NOx burners, SCR if any) replace them at the next stage.; N2O 0.1 g/GJ (IPCC 2006 Guidelines, Vol. 2 ch. 2, Table 2.3, natural gas (stationary combustion, manufacturing industries): 0.1 kg/TJ)", "title": "N2O to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.3273977959, "scale": 0.408618061626 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 6.00251084153e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NOx", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 5, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates H301-firing): ASSUMED applicability: Tier 1 default factors for natural gas burnt in stationary combustion, applied to the whole fired duty although about two thirds of it is PSA tail gas (H2, CH4, CO, CO2). Replaces the determined-looking zero of the complete-combustion balance for CH4 and CO (review 2026-10-27-pfd-lci-review#2). Burner-specific factors (low-NOx burners, SCR if any) replace them at the next stage.; NOx 74 g/GJ (EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, 1.A.2, Tier 1 gaseous fuels, as NO2 (value not re-read in this run: verify at the next stage))", "title": "NOx to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.72074760969, "scale": 0.408618061626 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": null, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 76252596.0, "source": "product:H2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "natural-gas steam methane reforming, top-fired tubular reformer, HT shift, hydrogen PSA, tail gas firing, steam export; 100 000 Nm3/h", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)", "preliminary": false, "process": "hydrogen-1", "process_title": "Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:STEAMX", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Export steam 4300 kPa(a) 673 K", "state": "43 bar(a), 400 degC, 100 % H2O (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "10035-10-6", "chemical": "hydrogen-bromide", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Hydrogen bromide, Hydrobromic acid 48 wt-% to storage, from Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) (dataset hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity hydrogen-bromide-1:hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt:product:HBRACID. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 0.0, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 0.0 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 0, "outputs": {}, "problems": [], "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:r102-carbon-makeup": { "amount": 0.01625, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:r102-carbon-spent": { "amount": 0.01625, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:bromine-slip": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:burner-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:non-routine": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt", "elements": { "Br": { "closed": true, "in": 987.542, "out": 987.541898688, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.000101312 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 134.327869847, "out": 134.32782728, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 4.2566e-05 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 0.181947139, "out": 0.181980172, "relative": -0.000182, "residual": -3.3033e-05 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 962.216183014, "out": 962.21629386, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.000110846 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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D-007", "streams": [ "Q1" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) (condensate returned)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.58128128352, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00147840023654, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q5, Q6; D-011", "streams": [ "Q5", "Q6" ], "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.51679469708, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.197088031534, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; 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Neither applies here: the acid has no energy content, so energy allocation would put every burden on the steam, and no property package covers HCl-water, so the acid's exergy cannot be calculated; the steam is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. Shares 1/0 until the exergy of both products is available (DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "7647-01-0", "chemical": "hydrogen-chloride", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Hydrogen chloride, Hydrochloric acid 33 wt-% to storage, from Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) (dataset hydrogen-chloride-synthesis-and-absorption-10-t-h-hydrochloric-acid-33-wt 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity hydrogen-chloride-1:hydrogen-chloride-synthesis-and-absorption-10-t-h-hydrochloric-acid-33-wt:product:HCLACID. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:ALU", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S34, 6 kg/t H2O2, BREF Table 12.4 (D-011)", "streams": [ "S34" ], "title": "Activated alumina (reversion agent)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.80914299031, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.1166856, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-mp", "location": "GLO", "name": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), per kg, as heat from steam (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a)" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:STEAMD", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S17 and S31: adsorber regeneration and WS dryer ejector (D-009, D-010)", "streams": [ "S17", "S31" ], "title": "LP steam, direct use (adsorber regeneration, ejector)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.14827214062, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.177344, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams Q01-Q04: air compressor, WS pumps, auxiliary pumps, vacuum pump, 355 kWh/t H2O2 (D-007, D-010)", "streams": [ "Q01", "Q02", "Q03", "Q04" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.72966392974, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.237072, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 137.85 degC, 3.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream Q05, concentrator reboiler (D-010)", "streams": [ "Q05" ], "title": "LP steam 350 kPa(a), indirect", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.43939138652, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.2049384, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S19 and S32: adsorber condensate and WS dryer water with ejector condensate, 0.41 t/t H2O2, 0.15 kg TOC/t (D-011)", "streams": [ "S19", "S32" ], "title": "Aqueous effluent to biological waste water treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.5850458328, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0045, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:SPENT", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S35, 9 kg/t H2O2 (D-011)", "streams": [ "S35" ], "title": "Spent reversion agent (alumina with organics)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.40367788221, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.232624, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams Q06-Q11: reactor heats, air aftercooler, off-gas condenser, concentrator condenser, product cooler (D-010)", "streams": [ "Q06", "Q07", "Q08", "Q09", "Q10", "Q11" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.209145230393, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of DIBC (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:DIBC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "diisobutylcarbinol (CAS 108-82-7) in the off-gas: zero in the design case (the adsorber outlet VOC is counted as TMB, D-009); kept so that a case with DIBC slip is mapped", "streams": [ "S06", "S18" ], "title": "DIBC to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000317506755456, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unreacted hydrogen of the hydrogenation vent, 1 % of the feed (D-005)", "streams": [ "S06", "S18" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.05501146283, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.8927359424e-05, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of TMB (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:TMB", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "residual VOC of the off-gas (20 mg C/Nm3) and the vent, as 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (CAS 95-63-6) (D-009)", "streams": [ "S06", "S18" ], "title": "TMB to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.92517382052, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.002, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'nitric-acid'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:nitric-acid", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 4.0 kg/t H2O2, inside the BREF 2.5-7 kg/t (Table 12.4)", "title": "Nitric acid (100 % basis; pH adjustment and passivation)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.21460809842, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.002, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.nitric-acid", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: all nitric acid leaves as nitrate in the effluent", "title": "Disposal: Nitric acid (100 % basis; pH adjustment and passivation) (neutralised nitrate to biological waste water treatment)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.21460809842, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.001, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'sodium-hydroxide'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:sodium-hydroxide", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 2.0 kg/t H2O2, inside the BREF 1.5-4 kg/t (Table 12.4)", "title": "Sodium hydroxide (100 % basis)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.90775527898, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.001, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.sodium-hydroxide", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: all NaOH leaves as sodium salts in the effluent", "title": "Disposal: Sodium hydroxide (100 % basis) (neutralised sodium salts to biological waste water treatment)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.90775527898, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:activated-carbon", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 0.10 kg/t H2O2 as spent adsorbent, inside the BREF 0.01-0.34 kg/t (Table 12.6)", "title": "Activated carbon (off-gas adsorbers A-201)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.90348755254, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.activated-carbon", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: replaced carbon leaves as spent adsorbent", "title": "Disposal: Activated carbon (off-gas adsorbers A-201) (incineration or reactivation of spent activated carbon)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.90348755254, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 7.5e-06, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:ion-exchange-resin", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 0.015 kg/t H2O2, inside the BREF 0.005-0.027 kg/t (Table 12.6)", "title": "Ion-exchange resin (crude purification)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.8006075374, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 7.5e-06, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.ion-exchange-resin", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED", "title": "Disposal: Ion-exchange resin (crude purification) (incineration of spent ion-exchange resin)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.8006075374, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1e-07, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:palladium-catalyst-loss", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 0.2 g Pd/t H2O2, inside the BREF 0.1-0.3 g/t for fixed beds (12.3.3 b)", "title": "Palladium lost from the hydrogenation catalyst (as Pd)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.118095651, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 15, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic concept design, site not chosen; operating windows and consumptions set inside the ranges of European plants reported in the LVOC BREF 2017 (chapter 12).", "site": "not chosen" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 100000000.0, "source": "product:PROD per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "anthraquinone autoxidation (AO) process, fixed-bed Pd hydrogenation, air oxidation, water extraction, vacuum concentration to 50 wt%; 50 kt/a H2O2 (100 %)", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%)", "preliminary": true, "process": "hydrogen-peroxide-1", "process_title": "Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:PROD", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Hydrogen peroxide 50 wt% to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 30 degC, 50 % H2O2 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "The library hierarchy allocates exported steam by energy or exergy. Neither is available: no property package covers the salt solution (D-006), so its exergy cannot be calculated, and energy allocation would load the steam with the burdens of a non-fuel product. Shares 1/0 until the exergy of both products is available (D-011).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "10039-54-0", "chemical": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution 25.4 wt% to storage, from Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (dataset hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 0.0, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 0.0 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 0, "outputs": {}, "problems": [], "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:gauze-fabrication-refining": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:hydrogenation-catalyst-preparation": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 108.175565799, "out": 108.175842426, "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -0.000276627 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 3485.378591286, "out": 3485.439060039, "relative": -1.7e-05, "residual": -0.060468754 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 6122.213651691, "out": 6122.332139247, "relative": -1.9e-05, "residual": -0.118487556 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 30770.975367605, "out": 30770.861788985, "relative": 4e-06, "residual": 0.113578619 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 2141.506823619, "out": 2141.451169303, "relative": 2.6e-05, "residual": 0.055654317 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.274849, "inputs": { "electricity": 355.2, "heat rejected": 24342.1, "steam": 743.6 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 6992.4 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 42628.3513, "out": 42628.36, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.0087, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": { "consumable:o2-removal-catalyst": "no composition", "consumable:pt-catalyst-loss": "no composition", "consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.o2-removal-catalyst": "no composition" }, "problems": [ "element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss (no composition), consumable:pt-catalyst-loss (no composition), consumable:o2-removal-catalyst (no composition), disposal:consumable.o2-removal-catalyst (no composition)", "carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss (no composition), consumable:pt-catalyst-loss (no composition), consumable:o2-removal-catalyst (no composition), disposal:consumable.o2-removal-catalyst (no composition)" ], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "not-assessable", "lci-element-balance": "not-assessable", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD", "dataset": { "id": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh", "path": "processes/hydroxylamine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution by NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH)", "uuid": "316c5545-6c2a-5c77-89ab-41e7836b3406", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution by NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/316c5545-6c2a-5c77-89ab-41e7836b3406.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "316c5545-6c2a-5c77-89ab-41e7836b3406" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.0625943548216, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NH3", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for ammonia, anhydrous, liquid", "reference_product": "ammonia, anhydrous, liquid" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S01, 2296 kg/h = 0.612 kg/kg NH2OH (D-003, D-005)", "streams": [ "S01" ], "title": "Liquid ammonia (boundary feed; e.g. from ammonia-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.77108018351, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.157232138622, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names oxygen only; oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5 (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:GOX", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S03, 5768 kg/h = 1.54 kg/kg NH2OH (D-003)", "streams": [ "S03" ], "title": "Gaseous oxygen 99.5 mol% (boundary feed; e.g. from asu-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.85003197572, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0133575623158, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:H2", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure", "reference_product": "hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S08 and S19, 490 kg/h = 0.131 kg/kg NH2OH (D-003, D-005, D-007)", "streams": [ "S08", "S19" ], "title": "Hydrogen 99.9 mol% (boundary feed; e.g. from hydrogen-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.31567258891, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.181299194675, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sulfuric-acid (Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4:product:ACID", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%)", "reference_product": "Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:ACID", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S14, 6651 kg/h = 1.77 kg/kg NH2OH (D-004)", "streams": [ "S14" ], "title": "Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% (boundary feed; e.g. from sulfuric-acid-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.70760660318, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.276059377363, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:DEMIN", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S15, 10 127 kg/h = 2.70 kg/kg NH2OH (D-004)", "streams": [ "S15" ], "title": "Demineralised water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.28713930103, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.318771409583, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-mp", "location": "GLO", "name": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), per kg, as heat from steam (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a)" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:STEAMD", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S04, 11 694 kg/h = 3.12 kg/kg NH2OH (US 3,110,563 Example a ratio, D-003)", "streams": [ "S04" ], "title": "LP steam 500 kPa(a), direct use (burner dilution steam)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.14328101745, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00968286966236, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams Q04, Q06, Q08, Q09, Q10: NO gas compressor, acid pump, cascade agitators, recycle blower, oxidiser fan, 355 kW = 0.095 kWh/kg NH2OH (D-008)", "streams": [ "Q04", "Q06", "Q08", "Q09", "Q10" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.6373969689, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0202707823224, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 151.85 degC, 5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream Q01, 744 kW = 0.198 kWh/kg NH2OH (D-008)", "streams": [ "Q01" ], "title": "LP steam 500 kPa(a), indirect (ammonia vaporiser)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.89857472418, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.663573709482, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams Q03, Q05, Q07: nitrous-gas condenser, acid cooler, cascade, 24 342 kW = 6.49 kWh/kg NH2OH (D-008)", "streams": [ "Q03", "Q05", "Q07" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.410115339471, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "hydrogen in the flue gas: 0 kg in the design case (complete combustion in X-301, D-009); the flue-gas stream carries the component, so the exchange is listed with its zero amount", "streams": [ "S30" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00265124144509, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "20185046-64bb-4c09-a8e7-e8a9e144ca98" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "dinitrogen monoxide (CAS 10024-97-2) from the burner (IPCC 2006 atmospheric-pressure default, D-005) and the cascade (2 % of the NO converted, US 4,895,711), not destroyed in the oxidiser (conservative, D-009): 97.3 kg/h = 25.9 g/kg NH2OH", "streams": [ "S30" ], "title": "N2O to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.93272727884, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00344608459264, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitric oxide", "uuid": "17f7e776-7934-54af-8c3c-ed0247cb697b" }, "key": "emission:NO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "nitrogen monoxide (CAS 10102-43-9) of the purge, not reduced in the oxidiser (conservative, D-009, O-8): 126.4 kg/h = 33.7 g/kg NH2OH", "streams": [ "S30" ], "title": "NO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.67051659311, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.13493809451e-08, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:pt-rh-gauze", "location": "GLO", "name": "platinum-rhodium gauze 90/10, per kg (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "platinum-rhodium gauze" }, "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 0.5 g/t NH3 gross loss (the per-NH3 equivalent of the 0.15 g/t HNO3 that nitric-acid-1 assumes) x 18 370 t NH3/a; Pt/Rh 90/10, 3-10 % Rh in US 3,110,563; D-011, O-3", "title": "Pt/Rh gauze metal lost from the ammonia burner", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -17.2780713166, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.0890496885e-09, "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:pt-catalyst-loss", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for platinum", "reference_product": "platinum" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 5 %/a of a 23 kg Pt inventory (40 g catalyst per l at 0.5 wt% Pt, US 4,895,711 Example 1, x 117 m3 liquid, D-008); D-011, O-3", "title": "Platinum lost from the suspended Pt/graphite hydrogenation catalyst", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -19.3149532439, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.72603312566e-06, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:o2-removal-catalyst", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: 2.4 m3 bed (23 500 Nm3/h nitrous gas at a gas hourly space velocity of 10 000 1/h), 1000 kg/m3, replaced every 3 years; catalyst named in EP 0 945 401; D-011, O-3", "title": "Ag-Mn oxygen-hydrogenation catalyst (R-102) replaced", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.812663073, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.72603312566e-06, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.o2-removal-catalyst", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: the whole replaced charge leaves as spent catalyst", "title": "Disposal: Ag-Mn oxygen-hydrogenation catalyst (R-102) replaced (spent silver catalyst to precious-metal recovery)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.812663073, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 2, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic concept design, site not chosen; conditions taken from open patents of European producers (BASF, DOMO Caproleuna).", "site": "not chosen" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 293466720.0, "source": "product:PROD per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "NH3 oxidation with O2 and steam on Pt/Rh (about 130 kPa(a)), O2 removal by hydrogenation, condensation, NO hydrogenation in about 20 wt% H2SO4 on suspended Pt/graphite in a stirred-tank cascade (313 K, 200 kPa(a)) with off-gas recycle and purge to a thermal oxidiser; 30 kt/a NH2OH", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution)", "preliminary": true, "process": "hydroxylamine-1", "process_title": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:PROD", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution 25.4 wt% to storage", "state": "1.8 bar(a), 40 degC, 71.1773 % H2O (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "7553-56-2", "chemical": "iodine", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Iodine flakes (99.8 wt% I2) to packing, from Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (dataset iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 11.096502417 }, "in": 11.096758238, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 11.096758238 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 11.096502417, "outputs": { "emissions": 11.096502417 }, "problems": [], "relative": 2.3e-05, "residual": 0.000255822, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:melter-vent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage-and-unloading": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 11.096758238, "out": 11.096502417, "relative": 2.3e-05, "residual": 0.000255822 }, "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 28098.072418945, "out": 28098.069931685, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.00248726 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 46633.048445821, "out": 46633.048382702, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 6.3119e-05 }, "I": { "closed": true, "in": 138.580058478, "out": 138.581203814, "relative": -8e-06, "residual": -0.001145335 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 2770.730075072, "out": 2770.733346879, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.003271806 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 18259.535030175, "out": 18259.537822094, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.002791919 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 371002.617516254, "out": 371002.615695856, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.001820397 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 25.730930796, "out": 25.728914845, "relative": 7.8e-05, "residual": 0.002015951 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 599.1, "heat rejected": 2.81, "steam": 8.13 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:VENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 466939.41123378, "out": 466939.411800292, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.000566512, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE", "dataset": { "id": "iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a", "path": "processes/iodine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Iodine from natural brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a)", "uuid": "eceed654-1910-56de-980c-49c22d79cc8c", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Iodine from natural brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/eceed654-1910-56de-980c-49c22d79cc8c.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "eceed654-1910-56de-980c-49c22d79cc8c" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 3695.4878512, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:BRINE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Raw iodide brine (S1, 462 t/h, 300 mg/kg iodine as iodide, about 10 wt% NaCl) at the plant battery limit: connect to the operation of a deep brine wellfield (production wells of 2000-4000 m with their lifting power, wellhead degassing and de-oiling, gathering lines), per t of brine delivered, with the iodide, salt and water withdrawn from the formation as resources of that activity. No such open dataset is known; a library utility or brine-field process is the likely home.", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Raw iodide brine from the wellfield (degassed, de-oiled)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 8.21486785476, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.61441452432, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; chlorine (Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:CL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Dry chlorine gas at 400 kPa(a) (S2 + S14): connect to the library process chlor-alkali-1 (membrane cells, product CL2 of the same state) once its dataset is published in the Atlas, or else to a market for chlorine, gaseous, from membrane-cell chlor-alkali electrolysis (with its co-product allocation).", "streams": [ "S2", "S14" ], "title": "Chlorine gas 400 kPa(a) (chlor-alkali-1 product CL2)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.487085457584, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.2809234432, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:SO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Liquid sulfur dioxide (S11): connect to sulfur dioxide, liquid, production by burning elemental sulfur with air and liquefying the gas (or recovery from a smelter off-gas), at plant. The chemicals registry has no sulfur dioxide slug yet; the sulfur furnace of sulfuric-acid-1 is the nearest library process.", "streams": [ "S11" ], "title": "Liquid sulfur dioxide (vaporised at the absorber)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.2696730909, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.20263959392, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sulfuric-acid (Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4:product:ACID", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%)", "reference_product": "Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:H2SO4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% (S18) for the iodine melter: connect to the library process sulfuric-acid-1 (sulfur burning, double contact, product ACID 98.5 wt%) once its dataset is published, or else to a market for sulfuric acid.", "streams": [ "S18" ], "title": "Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% (sulfuric-acid-1 product ACID)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.59632627724, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.1374218928, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sodium-hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NAOH", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Caustic soda 50 wt% (S22) for the spent brine neutralisation: connect to the library process chlor-alkali-1 (product NAOH 50 wt%), or else to a market for sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50 % solution state.", "streams": [ "S22" ], "title": "Caustic soda 50 wt% (chlor-alkali-1 product NAOH)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.128764203815, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 8.896058296, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:PW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Process water (S12, absorber make-up): connect to a market for water, deionised or decarbonised, per kg (the HI liquor tolerates softened water; quality open).", "streams": [ "S12" ], "title": "Process water (absorber make-up)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 2.18560829054, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.7928, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Electricity for the circulation fan K-201, the reinjection pump P-401, the absorbent pump P-202 and the recovery drives (Q1-Q4): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.56711479179, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.06504, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the iodine melter (Q5, heat delivered): connect to heat from steam in the chemical industry, or to the library process utility-steam-ng-boiler (natural gas boiler) per kWh of steam heat.", "streams": [ "Q5" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the iodine melter (condensate returned)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.73275281374, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 3703.9672944, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:SPENT", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Neutralised spent brine (S24, 463 t/h at 3100 kPa(a): about 10 wt% NaCl, 0.025 wt% Na2SO4, about 30 mg/kg iodine as I2/iodide): returned to the formation it came from (Oklahoma Geological Survey). Connect to the operation of brine injection wells (the injection pump is in the foreground, P-401); the salts and residual iodine go back underground, not to surface water. If a site discharges instead, its salts become emissions to water and need their own exchanges.", "streams": [ "S24" ], "title": "Neutralised spent brine to reinjection into the producing formation", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 8.21715976592, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.02248, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system by the flaker X-301 (Q6, 298/308 K): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower, or the library process utility-cooling-tower, per kWh of heat removed.", "streams": [ "Q6" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.79512925396, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.325265822907, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "CO2 released from the brine's bicarbonate alkalinity on acidification (ALK) and stripped in T-201: geogenic carbon of the formation water, counted as fossil (D-011). The alkalinity is ASSUMED (D-003), so this emission is too.", "streams": [ "S7" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.12311251433, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000254559732933, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Iodine", "uuid": "446d8fe4-fde6-4640-bc23-f04a663bbc04" }, "key": "emission:I2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "iodine vapour not absorbed in T-202 and carried out with the purge (0.5 % slip, D-005), ASSUMED; released from the absorber vent stack at a site outside towns (subcompartment ASSUMED). The schema gives every elementary flow a carbon origin (default fossil); for I2 it carries no meaning (a core limitation, not a claim).", "streams": [ "S7" ], "title": "I2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.27597504251, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 2, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design for an Oklahoma-type iodide brine; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 1000000.0, "source": "product:IODINE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "iodine from natural iodide brine: acidification with recycled liquors, chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out in a closed air loop, absorption in HI/H2SO4 with SO2, chlorine precipitation, filtration, melting under sulfuric acid, flaking; spent brine neutralised with caustic and reinjected; 1000 t/a", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a)", "preliminary": true, "process": "iodine-1", "process_title": "Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:IODINE", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Iodine flakes (99.8 wt% I2) to packing", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.8 % I2 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "The WBCSD price-ratio rule cannot be applied: no co-product prices are set at the concept stage and the registry holds none for isobutene or methanol.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.00899448044854, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": null, "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "DME-rich vents to the site fuel gas header, from Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) (dataset isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:FUELGAS. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 6755.517731758, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 6755.517731758 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 6755.477852242, "outputs": { "outputs": 0.001828381, "products": 6755.476023861 }, "problems": [], "relative": 6e-06, "residual": 0.039879516, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:catalyst": { "amount": 0.375, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:heater-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage-tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:vents-to-fuel": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 6755.517731758, "out": 6755.477852242, "relative": 6e-06, "residual": 0.039879516 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 1365.633959265, "out": 1365.632387965, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.0015713 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 1839.142008977, "out": 1839.182659793, "relative": -2.2e-05, "residual": -0.040650816 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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Neither applies yet: the pulp has no declared energy content or exergy in this run (its heating value is not predicted, D-003), so energy allocation would put every burden on the electricity; the electricity is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. Substitution (crediting displaced grid electricity) cannot be exported as one activity per co-product and its avoided product is not linked (country not chosen, D-002). 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Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "biogenic": 43475.504254038, "fossil": 1304.435314222 }, "in": 44780.219306459, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 43844.375012709, "fossil": 935.84429375 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 44779.93956826, "outputs": { "emissions": 27142.912237482, "outputs": 969.576413495, "products": 16667.450917283 }, "problems": [], "relative": 6e-06, "residual": 0.279738199, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:diffuse-and-water-organics": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:dissolving-tank-vent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:kiln-so2-dust": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:trs-co-voc": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 44780.219288241, "out": 44779.939542502, "relative": 6e-06, "residual": 0.279745739 }, "Ca": { "closed": true, "in": 249.929143856, "out": 249.89585616, "relative": 0.000133, "residual": 0.033287696 }, "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 218.996043619, "out": 218.832777207, "relative": 0.000746, "residual": 0.163266411 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 96660.212276525, "out": 96660.252754149, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.040477624 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 315742.87836, "out": 315742.798696949, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.079663051 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 545.75234928, "out": 545.686758317, "relative": 0.00012, "residual": 0.065590964 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 853467.030088678, "out": 853467.216439013, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.186350335 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 85.290722004, "out": 85.425844196, "relative": -0.001582, "residual": -0.135122192 }, "Si": { "closed": true, "in": 199.191727797, "out": 199.174783129, "relative": 8.5e-05, "residual": 0.016944668 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "c91215e5-8239-5fb6-a9d3-2a788d89f37b" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 4.09090472728, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CHIPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S1 (scripts/kraft_balance.py, D-003, D-004)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Softwood chips, screened (50 % moisture)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.40876615031, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0418847664922, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; 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oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5 (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:O2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S8 and S18 (D-006, D-008)", "streams": [ "S8", "S18" ], "title": "Oxygen (O2 delignification and EOP stage)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.64959800439, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.0, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:SALT", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S27: sulfur make-up equal to the sulfur losses (D-006)", "streams": [ "S27" ], "title": "Sodium sulfate (saltcake make-up)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -5.72113291299, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00839279328577, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CAO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S35 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S35" ], "title": "Purchased burnt lime (Ca make-up)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.78038188355, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.029999976, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S43: 1.5 GJ/ADt (BREF 2015 sec. 3.2.2.6.2) (D-009)", "streams": [ "S43" ], "title": "Natural gas (lime kiln fuel)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.50655869732, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 16.4167476666, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:FW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S19 (bleach plant) and S48 (post-O2 washer) (D-006, D-008)", "streams": [ "S19", "S48" ], "title": "Process water (fresh, treated)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 2.79830201294, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 17.9999856, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S21: 18 m3/ADt (BREF 2015 sec. 3.3.8) (D-008)", "streams": [ "S21" ], "title": "Bleach plant effluent to the biological treatment plant", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 2.8903709579, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.037888769689, "direction": "input", "key": "product:SW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for inert waste, for final disposal", "reference_product": "inert waste, for final disposal" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S32, S34, S41 (D-009; BREF 2015 Table 3.17: 10-20 kg/ADt dregs, grits and green liquor sludge and 10-20 kg/ADt lime purge)", "streams": [ "S32", "S34", "S41" ], "title": "Solid wastes to landfill (dregs, grits, lime mud purge)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.27310052508, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.26623178701, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q8 (evaporator surface condenser) and Q9 (turbine condensing tail) (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q8", "Q9" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.23604539307, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.082295787389, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fossil CO2 from the natural gas burnt in the lime kiln (D-012)", "streams": [ "S29", "S45", "S50", "S10", "S22", "S25" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.49743535865, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.30457918096, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, non-fossil", "uuid": "d6235194-e4e6-4548-bfa3-ac095131aef4" }, "key": "emission:CO2B", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "biogenic CO2: black liquor combustion (carbon from the wood) and lime mud calcination (carbonate carbon formed from that combustion CO2 in the smelt; traced through the flowsheet's components, the classification of the calcination CO2 as biogenic is a convention ASSUMED here, not cited: counted fossil it would add 0.172 kg CO2-eq/kg pulp, D-012); fossil limestone carbon does not enter, the make-up is purchased CaO (D-012)", "streams": [ "S29", "S45", "S50", "S10", "S22", "S25" ], "title": "CO2B to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.834898091868, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00160492411686, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "nitrogen oxides as NO2: recovery boiler 1.2 kg/ADt (BREF Table 3.13: 0.73-2.0) and lime kiln 0.4 kg/ADt ASSUMED (D-010)", "streams": [ "S29", "S45", "S50", "S10", "S22", "S25" ], "title": "NO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.43467880273, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000298553031558, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "water", "surface water" ], "database": null, "name": "Dissolved solids", "uuid": "cfecebe1-1e13-458d-85bc-d40a9f934927" }, "key": "emission:Na2SO4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "particulate matter after the recovery boiler ESP, as sodium sulfate, 0.3 kg/ADt ASSUMED inside BREF Table 3.13 (0.02-1.6 kg/ADt); size split (PM2.5/PM10) not estimated (D-010)", "streams": [ "S29", "S45", "S50", "S10", "S22", "S25" ], "title": "Na2SO4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.11656298075, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000202589557128, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Sulfur dioxide", "uuid": "78c3efe4-421c-4d30-82e4-b97ac5124993" }, "key": "emission:SO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "recovery boiler, 0.1 kg S/ADt ASSUMED inside BREF Table 3.13 (<0.002-0.65 kg S/ADt) (D-010)", "streams": [ "S29", "S45", "S50", "S10", "S22", "S25" ], "title": "SO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.50432851176, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "cpc": "3212", "isic": "1701" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 350000280.0, "source": "product:PULP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Bleached softwood kraft market pulp: continuous digester, O2 delignification, ECF D0-EOP-D1, drying machine, 7-effect evaporation to 80 % solids, recovery boiler 84 bar with extraction back-pressure turbine and condensing tail, recausticizing, natural gas lime kiln; 1000 ADt/d", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "kraft-pulp-1", "process_title": "Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:PULP", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Bleached kraft pulp, Bleached softwood kraft market pulp, 90 % dry (bales)", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 40 degC, 76.0909 % CELL (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "cas": "7727-37-9", "chemical": "nitrogen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "market for nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg, RER, ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity market:nitrogen/gan-8barg-10ppm:RER. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a market (markets/): its losses are stated as fractions, not balanced", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "market:nitrogen/gan-8barg-10ppm:RER", "description": "Market of Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg in RER (production-mix), markets/nitrogen.yaml.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "market:nitrogen/gan-8barg-10ppm:RER" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/16aff7fc-2138-5469-b604-13e96f79a21a.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "16aff7fc-2138-5469-b604-13e96f79a21a" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "market:nitrogen/gan-8barg-10ppm:RER" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.0, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade nitrogen/gan-8barg-10ppm (Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg); unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate, into the market", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "kind": "supply", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "supplier:asu-1", "provenance": "calculated", "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset: product:GANP 12510 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "title": "Supplier Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX), share 1", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": "gan-8barg-10ppm", "kind": "market", "location": "RER", "market": { "consumption": { "equals_production": true, "reason": "Pipeline nitrogen is used next to the plant that makes it and is not traded across borders in the packaged data, so consumption equals production." }, "excluded": [ "Pipeline infrastructure (construction of the line): not counted, as no background activity for it is curated." ], "facts": [ { "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset: product:GANP 12510 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "status": "calculated", "unit": "t/a", "value": 105084, "what": "suppliers[0] asu-1 production_volume" }, { "source": "ASSUMED over-the-fence pipeline to a consumer on a neighbouring site, reached at the plant's delivery pressure (8 barg) without recompression; the compression is in the plant dataset (GAN compressor).", "status": "assumed", "unit": "km", "value": 5, "what": "distribution pipeline" }, { "source": "ASSUMED no leakage from a welded industrial-gas pipeline: no open source with a leakage rate was found, so none is counted until one is cited.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0, "what": "loss pipeline-leakage" } ], "gross": 1.0, "layer": "production-mix", "not_exported": [ "distribution:pipeline 5 km: no background activity (driven by the producer's delivery pressure; pipeline infrastructure outside the market)", "loss:pipeline-leakage 0 kilogram per kilogram released as N2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)" ], "path": "markets/nitrogen.yaml", "region": "RER", "status": "exported", "suppliers": [ { "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "share": 1.0 } ], "technology": null }, "name": "market for nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "hydrazine-1:hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process:product:HH" ] }, { "cas": "7727-37-9", "chemical": "nitrogen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "market for nitrogen, liquid, RER, ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity market:nitrogen/lin:RER. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a market (markets/): its losses are stated as fractions, not balanced", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "market:nitrogen/lin:RER", "description": "Market of Nitrogen, liquid in RER (production-mix), markets/nitrogen.yaml.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "market:nitrogen/lin:RER" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/5a84a7ad-9578-5051-9037-577205ef938b.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "5a84a7ad-9578-5051-9037-577205ef938b" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "market:nitrogen/lin:RER" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.01517689457, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade nitrogen/lin (Nitrogen, liquid); unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate, into the market", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN", "kind": "supply", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Nitrogen, liquid" }, "direction": "input", "key": "supplier:asu-1", "provenance": "calculated", "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset (processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml): product:LIN 470 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "title": "Supplier Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX), share 1", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.101517689457, "direction": "input", "key": "distribution:cryogenic-trailer", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified", "reference_product": "transport, freight, lorry, unspecified" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED one-way distance from the air separation plant to the customer by cryogenic road tanker, a round screening placeholder: no open source with the delivery distance of merchant liquid oxygen or nitrogen in Europe was found. TODO: check whether the standard transport distances of ecoinvent v2 (Frischknecht et al. 2007, ecoinvent report No. 1) give 100 km by road for chemicals (unverified, not a citation), or replace the value with a cited distance.", "title": "cryogenic-trailer 100 km", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "ton kilometer" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": "lin", "kind": "market", "location": "RER", "market": { "consumption": { "equals_production": true, "reason": "No trade data is packaged (UN Comtrade and CEPII BACI report HS 2804.30 nitrogen without telling liquid from gas, and their terms are not yet checked for redistribution), so the consumption mix is taken equal to the production mix." }, "excluded": [ "The customer's storage tank, its boil-off and the vaporiser: the consumer's own system.", "The producer's liquid storage: ASU-1's LIN leaves the plant dataset at the tank (stream S11), whose boil-off is not counted." ], "facts": [ { "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset (processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml): product:LIN 470 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "status": "calculated", "unit": "t/a", "value": 3948, "what": "suppliers[0] asu-1 production_volume" }, { "source": "ASSUMED one-way distance from the air separation plant to the customer by cryogenic road tanker, a round screening placeholder: no open source with the delivery distance of merchant liquid oxygen or nitrogen in Europe was found. TODO: check whether the standard transport distances of ecoinvent v2 (Frischknecht et al. 2007, ecoinvent report No. 1) give 100 km by road for chemicals (unverified, not a citation), or replace the value with a cited distance.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "km", "value": 100, "what": "distribution cryogenic-trailer" }, { "source": "ASSUMED 0.5 % of the load lost as boil-off on the road and while the tanker waits: vacuum-insulated tankers vent the heat leak as vapour. No open source with a value per delivery was found.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0.005, "what": "loss boil-off" }, { "source": "ASSUMED 1 % of the load lost on transfer to the customer's tank (cool-down of the transfer hose and pump, flash on filling). No open source with a value was found.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0.01, "what": "loss transfer" } ], "gross": 1.01517689457, "layer": "production-mix", "not_exported": [ "loss:boil-off 0.00507588 kilogram per kilogram released as N2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)", "loss:transfer 0.010101 kilogram per kilogram released as N2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)" ], "path": "markets/nitrogen.yaml", "region": "RER", "status": "exported", "suppliers": [ { "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN", "share": 1.0 } ], "technology": null }, "name": "market for nitrogen, liquid", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Nitrogen, liquid", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "cas": "7782-44-7", "chemical": "oxygen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "market for oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg, RER, ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity market:oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5:RER. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a market (markets/): its losses are stated as fractions, not balanced", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "market:oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5:RER", "description": "Market of Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg in RER (production-mix), markets/oxygen.yaml.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "market:oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5:RER" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/cf9f2cd5-4aa8-52cf-b482-fc298e62565b.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "cf9f2cd5-4aa8-52cf-b482-fc298e62565b" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "market:oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5:RER" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.0, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5 (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg); unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate, into the market", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "kind": "supply", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "supplier:asu-1", "provenance": "calculated", "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset: product:GOXP 20860 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "title": "Supplier Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX), share 1", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": "gox-30barg-99.5", "kind": "market", "location": "RER", "market": { "consumption": { "equals_production": true, "reason": "Pipeline oxygen is used next to the plant that makes it and is not traded across borders in the packaged data, so consumption equals production." }, "excluded": [ "Pipeline infrastructure (construction of the line): not counted, as no background activity for it is curated." ], "facts": [ { "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset: product:GOXP 20860 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "status": "calculated", "unit": "t/a", "value": 175224, "what": "suppliers[0] asu-1 production_volume" }, { "source": "ASSUMED over-the-fence pipeline to a consumer on a neighbouring site, reached at the plant's delivery pressure (30 barg) without recompression; the compression is in the plant dataset (GOX compressor).", "status": "assumed", "unit": "km", "value": 5, "what": "distribution pipeline" }, { "source": "ASSUMED no leakage from a welded industrial-gas pipeline: no open source with a leakage rate was found, so none is counted until one is cited.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0, "what": "loss pipeline-leakage" } ], "gross": 1.0, "layer": "production-mix", "not_exported": [ "distribution:pipeline 5 km: no background activity (driven by the producer's delivery pressure; pipeline infrastructure outside the market)", "loss:pipeline-leakage 0 kilogram per kilogram released as O2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)" ], "path": "markets/oxygen.yaml", "region": "RER", "status": "exported", "suppliers": [ { "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "share": 1.0 } ], "technology": null }, "name": "market for oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "cas": "7782-44-7", "chemical": "oxygen", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "market for oxygen, liquid, RER, ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity market:oxygen/lox:RER. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a market (markets/): its losses are stated as fractions, not balanced", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "market:oxygen/lox:RER", "description": "Market of Oxygen, liquid in RER (production-mix), markets/oxygen.yaml.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "market:oxygen/lox:RER" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/89a76854-17dd-5c9b-b865-0eecf7a1045c.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "89a76854-17dd-5c9b-b865-0eecf7a1045c" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "market:oxygen/lox:RER" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.01517689457, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade oxygen/lox (Oxygen, liquid); unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate, into the market", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LOX", "kind": "supply", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, liquid" }, "direction": "input", "key": "supplier:asu-1", "provenance": "calculated", "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset (processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml): product:LOX 470 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "title": "Supplier Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX), share 1", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.101517689457, "direction": "input", "key": "distribution:cryogenic-trailer", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified", "reference_product": "transport, freight, lorry, unspecified" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED one-way distance from the air separation plant to the customer by cryogenic road tanker, a round screening placeholder: no open source with the delivery distance of merchant liquid oxygen or nitrogen in Europe was found. TODO: check whether the standard transport distances of ecoinvent v2 (Frischknecht et al. 2007, ecoinvent report No. 1) give 100 km by road for chemicals (unverified, not a citation), or replace the value with a cited distance.", "title": "cryogenic-trailer 100 km", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "ton kilometer" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": "lox", "kind": "market", "location": "RER", "market": { "consumption": { "equals_production": true, "reason": "No trade data is packaged (UN Comtrade and CEPII BACI report HS 2804.40 oxygen without telling liquid from gas, and their terms are not yet checked for redistribution), so the consumption mix is taken equal to the production mix." }, "excluded": [ "The customer's storage tank, its boil-off and the vaporiser: the consumer's own system.", "The producer's liquid storage: ASU-1's LOX leaves the plant dataset at the tank (stream S10), whose boil-off is not counted." ], "facts": [ { "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset (processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml): product:LOX 470 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "status": "calculated", "unit": "t/a", "value": 3948, "what": "suppliers[0] asu-1 production_volume" }, { "source": "ASSUMED one-way distance from the air separation plant to the customer by cryogenic road tanker, a round screening placeholder: no open source with the delivery distance of merchant liquid oxygen or nitrogen in Europe was found. TODO: check whether the standard transport distances of ecoinvent v2 (Frischknecht et al. 2007, ecoinvent report No. 1) give 100 km by road for chemicals (unverified, not a citation), or replace the value with a cited distance.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "km", "value": 100, "what": "distribution cryogenic-trailer" }, { "source": "ASSUMED 0.5 % of the load lost as boil-off on the road and while the tanker waits: vacuum-insulated tankers vent the heat leak as vapour. No open source with a value per delivery was found.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0.005, "what": "loss boil-off" }, { "source": "ASSUMED 1 % of the load lost on transfer to the customer's tank (cool-down of the transfer hose and pump, flash on filling). No open source with a value was found.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0.01, "what": "loss transfer" } ], "gross": 1.01517689457, "layer": "production-mix", "not_exported": [ "loss:boil-off 0.00507588 kilogram per kilogram released as O2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)", "loss:transfer 0.010101 kilogram per kilogram released as O2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)" ], "path": "markets/oxygen.yaml", "region": "RER", "status": "exported", "suppliers": [ { "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LOX", "share": 1.0 } ], "technology": null }, "name": "market for oxygen, liquid", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Oxygen, liquid", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Neither curated physical rule fits: the products do not come from one separation, and LHV cannot apply because the steam has no heating value. The WBCSD price ratio does not apply either: the steam is counted in kWh, and no sourced prices exist at concept. Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam and fuels by energy or exergy, and exergy is the one basis common to the three products (DESIGN.md D-015).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0132926974841, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": null, "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "LP flash gas and topping-column off-gas to fuel gas, from Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (dataset methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:FUELGAS. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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The purge (product:PURGE) fuels that reformer: its fuel credit belongs in this future link, as less fired fuel in the reformer section, not in an allocation here (D-015).", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Make-up synthesis gas from reforming", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.718682009659, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0702139821258, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Electricity for the make-up compressor K-101 and the circulator K-102 (Q1, Q3; electric drives ASSUMED, D-010): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q3" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.6562078122, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.37487826077, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the column reboilers (Q6, Q8; D-009), per kWh of heat delivered: connect to heat from steam in the chemical industry, or the reformer's waste heat system once the front end is designed.", "streams": [ "Q6", "Q8" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.981153943665, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0512584286025, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:wastewater-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Refining column bottoms water (S19, 100 ppm(wt) methanol, ASSUMED, D-008): connect to treatment of wastewater, per kg or m3, at the site's effluent treatment.", "streams": [ "S19" ], "title": "Refining column bottoms water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.97087521395, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.627923717935, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q2, Q5, Q7, Q9, 298/308 K, D-009): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower, per kWh of heat removed. 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No background of this composition is known to the library, and registry hydrogen or methane is not this gas. The purge (product:PURGE) fuels that reformer: its fuel credit belongs in this future link, as less fired fuel in the reformer section, not in an allocation here (D-015).", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Make-up synthesis gas from reforming", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.185486178168, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.17341987109, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Electricity for the make-up compressor K-101 and the circulator K-102 (Q1, Q3; electric drives ASSUMED, D-010): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q3" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.75203962437, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.925903042229, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the column reboilers (Q6, Q8; D-009), per kWh of heat delivered: connect to heat from steam in the chemical industry, or the reformer's waste heat system once the front end is designed.", "streams": [ "Q6", "Q8" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.0769857558342, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.126601993099, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:wastewater-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Refining column bottoms water (S19, 100 ppm(wt) methanol, ASSUMED, D-008): connect to treatment of wastewater, per kg or m3, at the site's effluent treatment.", "streams": [ "S19" ], "title": "Refining column bottoms water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.06670702612, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.55089409434, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q2, Q5, Q7, Q9, 298/308 K, D-009): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower, per kWh of heat removed. Q9 is the C-202 condenser only: the product cooler (about 2 MW by a hand estimate, D-014) is not modelled, so this exchange is low by that amount.", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q5", "Q7", "Q9" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.438831599684, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "gaps": 1, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 871365600.0, "source": "product:MEOH per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "low-pressure methanol synthesis on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 in a boiling-water converter, recycle loop with purge, LP flash, topping and refining columns; electric compressor drives; 2500 t/d", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)", "preliminary": true, "process": "methanol-1", "process_title": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:MEOH", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Methanol Grade AA to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.9111 % CH3OH (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Neither curated physical rule fits: the products do not come from one separation, and LHV cannot apply because the steam has no heating value. The WBCSD price ratio does not apply either: the steam is counted in kWh, and no sourced prices exist at concept. Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam and fuels by energy or exergy, and exergy is the one basis common to the three products (DESIGN.md D-015).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0372335426194, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": null, "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "MP steam raised in the converter (2800 kPa(a)), from Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (dataset methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MPS. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 44291.237650748, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 44291.237650748 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 44289.038409892, "outputs": { "outputs": 4270.659665262, "products": 40018.37874463 }, "problems": [], "relative": 5e-05, "residual": 2.199240856, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitive": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:wastewater": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 44291.237650748, "out": 44289.038409892, "relative": 5e-05, "residual": 2.199240856 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 17227.389714019, "out": 17227.749043619, "relative": -2.1e-05, "residual": -0.359329599 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 1639.674422312, "out": 1639.1514377, "relative": 0.000319, "residual": 0.522984612 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 68362.29821292, "out": 68362.92121611, "relative": -9e-06, "residual": -0.62300319 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.225716, "inputs": { "electricity": 18946.85, "heat rejected": 169441.7, "steam": 101158.8 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 65355.5 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 131520.6, "out": 131518.86, "relative": 1.3e-05, "residual": 1.74, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MPS", "dataset": { "id": "methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa", "path": "processes/methanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA)", "uuid": "678ca614-7b94-5eba-870c-71f56cc4d451", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MPS" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/678ca614-7b94-5eba-870c-71f56cc4d451.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "678ca614-7b94-5eba-870c-71f56cc4d451" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.0749283207294, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:SYNGAS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Make-up synthesis gas (S1; H2, CO, CO2, CH4, N2; ASSUMED composition, D-004) at the battery limit, 2600 kPa(a): connect to the plant's reformer section (natural gas, oxygen or steam, fired duty, gas cooling), which is outside this boundary (D-001). No background of this composition is known to the library, and registry hydrogen or methane is not this gas. The purge (product:PURGE) fuels that reformer: its fuel credit belongs in this future link, as less fired fuel in the reformer section, not in an allocation here (D-015).", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Make-up synthesis gas from reforming", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.59122334605, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.010794169534, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Electricity for the make-up compressor K-101 and the circulator K-102 (Q1, Q3; electric drives ASSUMED, D-010): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q3" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.52874914859, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0576309643584, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the column reboilers (Q6, Q8; D-009), per kWh of heat delivered: connect to heat from steam in the chemical industry, or the reformer's waste heat system once the front end is designed.", "streams": [ "Q6", "Q8" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.85369528006, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00788008529968, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:wastewater-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Refining column bottoms water (S19, 100 ppm(wt) methanol, ASSUMED, D-008): connect to treatment of wastewater, per kg or m3, at the site's effluent treatment.", "streams": [ "S19" ], "title": "Refining column bottoms water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.84341655034, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.096532269793, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q2, Q5, Q7, Q9, 298/308 K, D-009): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower, per kWh of heat removed. Q9 is the C-202 condenser only: the product cooler (about 2 MW by a hand estimate, D-014) is not modelled, so this exchange is low by that amount.", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q5", "Q7", "Q9" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.33787792454, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "gaps": 1, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 871365600.0, "source": "product:MEOH per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "low-pressure methanol synthesis on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 in a boiling-water converter, recycle loop with purge, LP flash, topping and refining columns; electric compressor drives; 2500 t/d", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)", "preliminary": true, "process": "methanol-1", "process_title": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:MPS", "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, "reference_product": "MP steam raised in the converter (2800 kPa(a))", "state": null, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "The library hierarchy asks for the WBCSD price ratio to decide between physical and economic allocation. No open, dated prices of anhydrous MMA, DMA and TMA were sourced in this run (open input O-8), so the ratio is unknown; mass is used as the physical basis for three chemically similar co-products of one reactor and train, and is to be checked against economic allocation once prices are sourced (DESIGN.md D-014).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.550000687501, "source": "study" }, "cas": "124-40-3", "chemical": "dimethylamine", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Anhydrous dimethylamine to storage, from Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia (dataset methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:DMAP. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 4093.493642719, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 4093.493642719 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 4093.386526497, "outputs": { "outputs": 0.230135963, "products": 4093.156390534 }, "problems": [], "relative": 2.6e-05, "residual": 0.107116222, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:caustic-dosing": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:higher-amine-purge": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:silica-alumina-catalyst": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:vents": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 4093.493642719, "out": 4093.386526497, "relative": 2.6e-05, "residual": 0.107116222 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 1945.875061054, "out": 1945.841875759, "relative": 1.7e-05, "residual": 0.033185295 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 2648.179161529, "out": 2648.107695195, "relative": 2.7e-05, "residual": 0.071466334 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 5452.652134698, "out": 5452.653902549, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.001767851 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 4093.493642719, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 4093.493642719 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 4093.386526497, "outputs": { "outputs": 0.230135963, "products": 4093.156390534 }, "problems": [], "relative": 2.6e-05, "residual": 0.107116222, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:caustic-dosing": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:higher-amine-purge": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:silica-alumina-catalyst": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:vents": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 4093.493642719, "out": 4093.386526497, "relative": 2.6e-05, "residual": 0.107116222 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 1945.875061054, "out": 1945.841875759, "relative": 1.7e-05, "residual": 0.033185295 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 2648.179161529, "out": 2648.107695195, "relative": 2.7e-05, "residual": 0.071466334 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 5452.652134698, "out": 5452.653902549, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.001767851 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "reaction water to treatment, stream S23", "streams": [ "S23" ], "title": "Process wastewater to biological treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.26461554952, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.78175597719, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; 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Energy (LHV) is used because both co-products are fuels and feedstocks traded on their energy content, the physical relationship between them; mass would give nearly the same split since their LHVs differ by 3 % (D-014). To be revisited when open price data are sourced.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.278135380375, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": "natural-gas-liquids", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Natural gas liquids (C2+, ethane-propane mix) to NGL pipeline, from Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) (dataset natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:NGL. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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D-010", "streams": [ "Q3", "Q5", "Q9", "Q10", "Q12" ], "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.20212340144, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00689397898917, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:PWATER", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S3, S18; D-004", "streams": [ "S3", "S18" ], "title": "Produced and separated water to disposal", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.97710685859, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0698938290775, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 30 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 30 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q2, Q7, Q11; D-010", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q7", "Q11" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.66077791579, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 8.47010653798e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10, S16: ethane slip (D-007, D-008)", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S34" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.6789674711, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.47357313447e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Propane", "uuid": "3a6c936c-0276-4f11-9d98-1bd011387a6e" }, "key": "emission:C3H8", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10, S16: propane slip (D-007, D-008)", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S34" ], "title": "C3H8 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.1155789309, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.11455844017e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "0795345f-c7ae-410c-ad25-1845784c75f5" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10, S16: methane slip of the amine regenerator and TEG still (ASSUMED co-absorption, EPA flash-tank recovery, D-007, D-008); plus unburnt methane of H-601 (AP-42 1.4, below); estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; CH4 0.969 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-2: methane 2.3 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S34", "S32" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.3768380755, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00923715197605, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10 reservoir CO2 removed from the gas, and S34 combustion CO2 of fuel gas: both fossil", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S34" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.68452166854, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.20096105409e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NOx", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; NOx 42.15 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4 (Natural Gas Combustion), Table 1.4-1, small boilers <100 MMBtu/h, uncontrolled: 100 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV, converted to g/GJ HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "NOx to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.0266164502, "scale": 0.405272707059 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.84901615481e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; CO 35.41 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-1, small boilers, uncontrolled: 84 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "CO to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.2008568685, "scale": 0.877905505797 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.84054779867e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; N2O 0.927 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-2: N2O uncontrolled 2.2 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "N2O to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.8436528481, "scale": 0.405272707059 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.67252153173e-07, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; PM 3.203 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-2: PM total 7.6 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "PM to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -15.603763264, "scale": 0.405272707059 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.21039803639e-07, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds", "uuid": "d3260d0e-8203-4cbb-a45a-6a13131a5108" }, "key": "emission:NMVOC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; NMVOC 2.318 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-2: VOC 5.5 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "NMVOC to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -15.9271463897, "scale": 0.405272707059 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.91318018541e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:MDEA", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-007): of order 1 lb amine per MMscf treated, a practitioner rule of thumb; no open source found; 100 MMscf/d x 8000/24 d", "title": "MDEA make-up (losses by vaporisation, entrainment, degradation)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.864158589, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.91318018541e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.MDEA", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-007): what is lost leaves as waste or traces in the gas", "title": "Disposal: MDEA make-up (losses by vaporisation, entrainment, degradation) (amine reclaimer residue and degradation products to hazardous waste incineration)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.864158589, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.78563483971e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:TEG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-008): of order 0.1 US gal TEG per MMscf dried, a practitioner rule of thumb; no open source found", "title": "TEG make-up (vaporisation and carry-over losses)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.9331514605, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.78563483971e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.TEG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-008)", "title": "Disposal: TEG make-up (vaporisation and carry-over losses) (spent glycol and filter residue to incineration)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.9331514605, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.27545345694e-05, "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:MOLSIEVE", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for zeolite, powder", "reference_product": "zeolite, powder" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-008): two beds of about 20 t; no sizing at concept stage", "title": "Molecular sieve adsorbent (zeolite 4A), replaced every 4 years", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.2696236971, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.27545345694e-05, "direction": "input", "key": "disposal:consumable.MOLSIEVE", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for inert waste, for final disposal", "reference_product": "inert waste, for final disposal" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-008)", "title": "Disposal: Molecular sieve adsorbent (zeolite 4A), replaced every 4 years (spent zeolite to landfill (non-hazardous for sweet gas))", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.2696236971, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 7, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "0910" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "1920", "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for a US onshore shale gas plant (Barnett-type feed); no site-specific supply", "site": "generic gas plant in a shale gathering area, not chosen" }, "location": "US" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 549675680.0, "source": "product:SALESGAS per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Sweet gas plant: inlet separation, MDEA CO2 removal (acid gas vented), TEG dehydration with molecular sieve polishing, GSP-type turbo-expander NGL recovery (90 % C2, 98 % C3), electric-motor residue compression; 100 MMscf/d (about 0.8 Mt/a) of Barnett-type rich shale gas", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "US", "name": "Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)", "preliminary": true, "process": "natural-gas-processing-1", "process_title": "Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:NGL", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Natural gas liquids (C2+, ethane-propane mix) to NGL pipeline", "state": "70 bar(a), 15 degC, 58.3166 % C2H6 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "energy", "reason": "Hierarchy step 3 (WBCSD price ratio) cannot be applied: no sourced prices of sales gas and NGL are recorded for this concept design. Energy (LHV) is used because both co-products are fuels and feedstocks traded on their energy content, the physical relationship between them; mass would give nearly the same split since their LHVs differ by 3 % (D-014). To be revisited when open price data are sourced.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.721864619625, "source": "study" }, "cas": null, "chemical": null, "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Sales gas to transmission pipeline (7000 kPa(a)), from Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) (dataset natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:SALESGAS. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 250.457390556 }, "in": 72196.857242861, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 72196.857242861 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 72196.873972519, "outputs": { "emissions": 250.457390556, "products": 71946.416581963 }, "problems": [], "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.016729658, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:fugitive-CH4": { "amount": 64.875, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:non-routine": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:water": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 72196.857242861, "out": 72196.873972519, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.016729658 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 22043.648051094, "out": 22043.653594724, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.00554363 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 3485.488078692, "out": 3485.489466744, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.001388052 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 1669.506627353, "out": 1669.49797263, "relative": 5e-06, "residual": 0.008654723 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 3986.4, "heat rejected": 6849.9, "steam": 1078.4 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "emission:CO": "estimated (emission_estimates heaters-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:N2O": "estimated (emission_estimates heaters-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:NMVOC": "estimated (emission_estimates heaters-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:NOx": "estimated (emission_estimates heaters-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "emission:PM": "estimated (emission_estimates heaters-combustion): an emission-factor estimate, outside the flowsheet's mass balance", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:STEAM": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:ACIDGAS": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:FLUE": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:STILLVENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 99400.375, "out": 99400.390006617, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.015006617, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": { "consumable:MDEA": "no composition", "consumable:MOLSIEVE": "no composition", "consumable:TEG": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.MDEA": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.MOLSIEVE": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.TEG": "no composition" }, "problems": [ "element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:MDEA (no composition), disposal:consumable.MDEA (no composition), consumable:TEG (no composition), disposal:consumable.TEG (no composition), consumable:MOLSIEVE (no composition), disposal:consumable.MOLSIEVE (no composition)", "carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:MDEA (no composition), disposal:consumable.MDEA (no composition), consumable:TEG (no composition), disposal:consumable.TEG (no composition), consumable:MOLSIEVE (no composition), disposal:consumable.MOLSIEVE (no composition)" ], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "not-assessable", "lci-element-balance": "not-assessable", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:SALESGAS", "dataset": { "id": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Natural gas processing (100 MMscf/d rich shale gas to sales gas and C2+ NGL)", "uuid": "05bf4326-7837-5bf0-bc4e-744759841981", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Natural gas processing (100 MMscf/d rich shale gas to sales gas and C2+ NGL), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:SALESGAS" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/05bf4326-7837-5bf0-bc4e-744759841981.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "05bf4326-7837-5bf0-bc4e-744759841981" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.02453807805, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:RAWGAS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (given, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "S1, D-003, D-004", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Raw natural gas from field gathering (water-saturated, with free water)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.0242418554537, "scale": 0.348524878667 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000639397846386, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:DMW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (given, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "S8, D-007", "streams": [ "S8" ], "title": "Demineralised make-up water (amine loop)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.35498368952, "scale": 0.348524878667 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.011329718001, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:STEAM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q1, D-007", "streams": [ "Q1" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) from the site steam system (amine reboiler)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.48032609384, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0418812943614, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q3, Q5, Q9, Q10, Q12; D-010", "streams": [ "Q3", "Q5", "Q9", "Q10", "Q12" ], "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.17291598702, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00709830366304, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:PWATER", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S3, S18; D-004", "streams": [ "S3", "S18" ], "title": "Produced and separated water to disposal", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.94789944418, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0719653517575, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 30 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 30 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q2, Q7, Q11; D-010", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q7", "Q11" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.63157050138, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 8.72114469153e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ethane", "uuid": "8e30c990-5ed4-4f94-9d0e-2f5e4ff1a1f9" }, "key": "emission:C2H6", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10, S16: ethane slip (D-007, D-008)", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S34" ], "title": "C2H6 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.6497600567, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.63579962913e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Propane", "uuid": "3a6c936c-0276-4f11-9d98-1bd011387a6e" }, "key": "emission:C3H8", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10, S16: propane slip (D-007, D-008)", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S34" ], "title": "C3H8 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.0863715165, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.20686814093e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "0795345f-c7ae-410c-ad25-1845784c75f5" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10, S16: methane slip of the amine regenerator and TEG still (ASSUMED co-absorption, EPA flash-tank recovery, D-007, D-008); plus unburnt methane of H-601 (AP-42 1.4, below); estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; CH4 0.969 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-2: methane 2.3 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S34", "S32" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.3476306611, "scale": 0.417265165635 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00951092392516, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S10 reservoir CO2 removed from the gas, and S34 combustion CO2 of fuel gas: both fossil", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S34" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.65531425413, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.26619343299e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NOx", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; NOx 42.15 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4 (Natural Gas Combustion), Table 1.4-1, small boilers <100 MMBtu/h, uncontrolled: 100 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV, converted to g/GJ HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "NOx to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.9974090358, "scale": 0.405272707059 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.90381754359e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; CO 35.41 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-1, small boilers, uncontrolled: 84 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "CO to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.1716494541, "scale": 0.877905505797 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.98401260352e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; N2O 0.927 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-2: N2O uncontrolled 2.2 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "N2O to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.8144454337, "scale": 0.405272707059 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.7220919492e-07, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; PM 3.203 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-2: PM total 7.6 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "PM to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -15.5745558496, "scale": 0.405272707059 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.24627197572e-07, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds", "uuid": "d3260d0e-8203-4cbb-a45a-6a13131a5108" }, "key": "emission:NMVOC", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (estimated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 3, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "estimated", "source": "estimated (combustion, emission_estimates heaters-combustion): AP-42 section 1.4 factors for natural gas boilers applied to small direct-fired process heaters (4.4 MMBtu/h fuel), a proxy for heater type; SO2 left out: the sweet fuel gas carries no sulfur (D-003). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/1.4_natural_gas_combustion.pdf; NMVOC 2.318 g/GJ (US EPA AP-42 section 1.4, Table 1.4-2: VOC 5.5 lb/10^6 scf at 1020 Btu/scf HHV)", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "NMVOC to the environment (estimated)", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -15.8979389753, "scale": 0.405272707059 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.96988327633e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:MDEA", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-007): of order 1 lb amine per MMscf treated, a practitioner rule of thumb; no open source found; 100 MMscf/d x 8000/24 d", "title": "MDEA make-up (losses by vaporisation, entrainment, degradation)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.8349511746, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.96988327633e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.MDEA", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-007): what is lost leaves as waste or traces in the gas", "title": "Disposal: MDEA make-up (losses by vaporisation, entrainment, degradation) (amine reclaimer residue and degradation products to hazardous waste incineration)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.8349511746, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.83855772457e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:TEG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-008): of order 0.1 US gal TEG per MMscf dried, a practitioner rule of thumb; no open source found", "title": "TEG make-up (vaporisation and carry-over losses)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.9039440461, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.83855772457e-05, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.TEG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-008)", "title": "Disposal: TEG make-up (vaporisation and carry-over losses) (spent glycol and filter residue to incineration)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.9039440461, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.31325551755e-05, "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:MOLSIEVE", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for zeolite, powder", "reference_product": "zeolite, powder" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-008): two beds of about 20 t; no sizing at concept stage", "title": "Molecular sieve adsorbent (zeolite 4A), replaced every 4 years", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.2404162827, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.31325551755e-05, "direction": "input", "key": "disposal:consumable.MOLSIEVE", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for inert waste, for final disposal", "reference_product": "inert waste, for final disposal" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 1, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED (D-008)", "title": "Disposal: Molecular sieve adsorbent (zeolite 4A), replaced every 4 years (spent zeolite to landfill (non-hazardous for sweet gas))", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.2404162827, "scale": 0.365519972106 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 7, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "0910" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "1920", "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for a US onshore shale gas plant (Barnett-type feed); no site-specific supply", "site": "generic gas plant in a shale gathering area, not chosen" }, "location": "US" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 549675680.0, "source": "product:SALESGAS per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Sweet gas plant: inlet separation, MDEA CO2 removal (acid gas vented), TEG dehydration with molecular sieve polishing, GSP-type turbo-expander NGL recovery (90 % C2, 98 % C3), electric-motor residue compression; 100 MMscf/d (about 0.8 Mt/a) of Barnett-type rich shale gas", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "US", "name": "Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)", "preliminary": true, "process": "natural-gas-processing-1", "process_title": "Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:SALESGAS", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Sales gas to transmission pipeline (7000 kPa(a))", "state": "70 bar(a), 40 degC, 94.0507 % CH4 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "The library hierarchy allocates exported steam by energy or exergy (docs/system-model.md). Neither applies here: the acid has no energy content, so energy allocation would put every burden on the steam, and no property package covers HNO3-water (D-012), so the acid's exergy cannot be calculated; the steam is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. Shares 1/0 are the conservative choice for the acid until the exergy of both products is available (DESIGN.md D-014).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "7697-37-2", "chemical": "nitric-acid", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Weak nitric acid 60 wt% to storage, from Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) (dataset weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity nitric-acid-1:weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid:product:ACID. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 0.0, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 0.0 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 0, "outputs": {}, "problems": [], "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:gauze-fabrication-refining": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:n2o-decomposition-catalyst": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:scr-catalyst": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 2731.626491882, "out": 2731.52016895, "relative": 3.9e-05, "residual": 0.106322933 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 3831.715452379, "out": 3831.705756061, "relative": 3e-06, "residual": 0.009696318 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 169995.505599066, "out": 169995.679856372, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.174257306 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 62715.752456673, "out": 62715.694218618, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.058238055 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.575655, "inputs": { "electricity": 4186.7, "heat rejected": 47008.47, "steam": 16.6907 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 29480.34 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:HPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 239274.60625, "out": 239274.6, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.00625, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": { "consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss": "no composition" }, "problems": [ "element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss (no composition)", "carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss (no composition)" ], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "not-assessable", "lci-element-balance": "not-assessable", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "nitric-acid-1:weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid:product:ACID", "dataset": { "id": "weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid", "path": "processes/nitric-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Weak nitric acid, dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid)", "uuid": "77106ddc-f08a-5f02-8aab-2891be54a2e0", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Weak nitric acid, dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "nitric-acid-1:weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid:product:ACID" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/77106ddc-f08a-5f02-8aab-2891be54a2e0.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "77106ddc-f08a-5f02-8aab-2891be54a2e0" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "nitric-acid-1:weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.171246349598, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NH3", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for ammonia, anhydrous, liquid", "reference_product": "ammonia, anhydrous, liquid" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "liquid ammonia from storage, stream S01", "streams": [ "S01" ], "title": "Liquid ammonia from storage", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.76465211828, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.202166049386, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:PW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "process water to the absorber, stream S24", "streams": [ "S24" ], "title": "Process water (demineralised)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.5986658926, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0602885185847, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "machine-train motor deficit and pump, streams Q03, Q04 (D-011)", "streams": [ "Q03", "Q04" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.80861359828, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.000240346233822, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, LP, 147.65 degC, 4.5 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (simulated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "SCR ammonia vaporiser, stream Q12", "streams": [ "Q12" ], "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.3334300333, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.67692240123, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "heat rejected to cooling water, streams Q07 to Q10", "streams": [ "Q07", "Q08", "Q09", "Q10" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.390198634161, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitric acid", "uuid": "66f240b9-a2f4-5abc-a972-5cf5b25a96ca" }, "key": "emission:HNO3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0 in the design case: no acid mist in the tail gas modelled (D-008)", "streams": [ "S29" ], "title": "HNO3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00149998423285, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "uuid": "afd6d670-bbb0-4625-9730-04088a5b035e" }, "key": "emission:N2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "N2O after tertiary abatement: the IPCC 2006 default for plants with tail-gas N2O destruction, 2.5 kg/t HNO3 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S29" ], "title": "N2O to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.50230068236, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Ammonia", "uuid": "0f440cc0-0f74-446d-99d6-8ff0e97a2444" }, "key": "emission:NH3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0 in the design case: no SCR ammonia slip ASSUMED (D-009)", "streams": [ "S29" ], "title": "NH3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000129841930524, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitric oxide", "uuid": "17f7e776-7934-54af-8c3c-ed0247cb697b" }, "key": "emission:NO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NOx after SCR, 50 ppmv as NO (D-009, ASSUMED); the whole tail-gas NOx is modelled as NO (D-008)", "streams": [ "S29" ], "title": "NO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.94919276638, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce" }, "key": "emission:NO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "0 in the design case: tail-gas NOx modelled as NO (D-008)", "streams": [ "S29" ], "title": "NO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 9.00000576e-08, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:pt-rh-gauze", "location": "GLO", "name": "platinum-rhodium gauze 90/10, per kg (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "platinum-rhodium gauze" }, "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "DESIGN.md O-3; ASSUMED 0.15 g/t HNO3 gross loss and Pt/Rh 90/10 gauze, no catchment credit", "title": "Pt/Rh gauze metal lost to the process gas", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.2234555266, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2012" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2012" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, undecided site; no regional background" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 555555200.0, "source": "product:ACID per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (0.5 / 1.1 MPa(a)) over Pt/Rh, heat recovery to HP steam, absorption to 60 wt% HNO3, tertiary N2O decomposition and SCR, tail-gas expander; 1000 t/d HNO3", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid)", "preliminary": false, "process": "nitric-acid-1", "process_title": "Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:ACID", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Weak nitric acid 60 wt% to storage", "state": "5 bar(a), 40 degC, 60 % HNO3 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2", "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO3" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "75-44-5", "chemical": "phosgene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Liquid phosgene to the captive consumer, from Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) (dataset phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity phosgene-1:phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive:product:PHOSGENE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 105.980036516 }, "in": 2223.286942522, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 2223.286942522 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 2223.416888993, "outputs": { "emissions": 105.980036516, "outputs": 11.11621302, "products": 2106.320639457 }, "problems": [], "relative": -5.8e-05, "residual": -0.12994647, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-phosgene": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:oxidiser-nox": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 32.409927568, "out": 32.409877896, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 4.9672e-05 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 2223.286942522, "out": 2223.416888993, "relative": -5.8e-05, "residual": -0.12994647 }, "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 12500.000262682, "out": 12499.699574464, "relative": 2.4e-05, "residual": 0.300688217 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 118.841443293, "out": 118.841444556, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -1.263e-06 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 1919.461797791, "out": 1919.458521379, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.003276412 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 127.681092582, "out": 127.683587579, "relative": -2e-05, "residual": -0.002494997 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 4539.501533563, "out": 4539.673103814, "relative": -3.8e-05, "residual": -0.171570251 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S1 (scripts/balance.py, D-003, D-004)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Carbon monoxide (from a syngas cold box outside the boundary)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.20563742996, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.720950540106, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; chlorine (Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:CL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S2 (D-002, D-003)", "streams": [ "S2" ], "title": "Phosgene-grade chlorine (chlor-alkali-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.327184743071, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0256120498645, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sodium-hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NAOH", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S20 (D-008)", "streams": [ "S20" ], "title": "Caustic soda 50 wt% (chlor-alkali-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.66469234041, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0455324882535, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:PW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S21 (D-008)", "streams": [ "S21" ], "title": "Process water (dilution)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.08932918027, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0011068799855, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q4 (reactor coolant vacuum pump), Q5 (scrubber pump), Q6 (air fan), D-010", "streams": [ "Q4", "Q5", "Q6" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.80621004532, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0760662338535, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:EFF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S24 (D-008)", "streams": [ "S24" ], "title": "Spent scrubber liquor to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.57615082016, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.360848640273, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q1 (reactor, via the boiling-water circuit) and Q2 (condenser E-102), D-005, D-007", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.01929668759, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.027787299636, "carrier": "cold, -30 degC", "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:BRINE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy stream Q3 (after-condenser E-103), D-007", "streams": [ "Q3" ], "title": "Refrigerated brine return (243 K)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.5831762103, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 1.07218853952e-10, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Chlorine", "uuid": "39d1390a-ded6-41cb-a536-d47510bf2fbc" }, "key": "emission:CL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "chlorine slip of the scrubber (0.01 %, ASSUMED, D-008), passes the oxidiser unchanged, stream S32", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "CL2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -22.9561490063, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.42476461478e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "099b36ab-4c03-4587-87f4-2f81e337afb8" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "CO not destroyed in the oxidiser: 0.1 % of the vent CO (99.9 % destruction ASSUMED, D-009), stream S32", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.1589188475, "scale": 0.877455309391 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0223640863774, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "CO2 from burning the 5 % CO excess and the hydrolysed phosgene in the oxidiser (D-009); the CO comes from fossil synthesis gas", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -3.80029889348, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.27818385949e-09, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Phosgene", "uuid": "53b9f77b-7336-5c15-9e01-62a25d3e3d75" }, "key": "emission:COCL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "phosgene slip: 0.01 % of the vent phosgene passes the scrubber and 1 % of that the oxidiser (both ASSUMED, D-008, D-009), stream S32", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "COCL2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -19.0596837644, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.85221256148e-07, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrochloric acid", "uuid": "c9a8073a-8a19-5b9b-a120-7d549563b67b" }, "key": "emission:HCL", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "HCl from the hydrolysis of the residual phosgene in the oxidiser (D-009), stream S32", "streams": [ "S32" ], "title": "HCL to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -14.7694479764, "scale": 0.404296561891 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 2, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site integrated with a chlor-alkali and an isocyanate plant, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 138768432.0, "source": "product:PHOSGENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "CO + Cl2 over activated carbon in a boiling-water-cooled multitubular reactor, two-stage condensation, caustic vent scrubber, thermal oxidiser; 17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive)", "preliminary": true, "process": "phosgene-1", "process_title": "Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:PHOSGENE", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Liquid phosgene to the captive consumer", "state": "liquid, 3.4 bar(a), -20 degC, 99.9951 % COCL2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": "10025-87-3", "chemical": "phosphorus-oxychloride", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride), Phosphorus oxychloride (distilled) to storage, from Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (dataset phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity phosphorus-oxychloride-1:phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3:product:POCL3. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 0.0, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 0.0 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 0, "outputs": {}, "problems": [], "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-chlorides": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:phosphorus-mud": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage-breathing": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 1.505926132, "out": 1.505931053, "relative": -3e-06, "residual": -4.921e-06 }, "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 2791.579066282, "out": 2791.506951291, "relative": 2.6e-05, "residual": 0.072114991 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 4.139252136, "out": 4.139242223, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 9.913e-06 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 4.447174288, "out": 4.447224274, "relative": -1.1e-05, "residual": -4.9986e-05 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 474.157581162, "out": 474.169060605, "relative": -2.4e-05, "residual": -0.011479443 }, "P": { "closed": true, "in": 812.554, "out": 812.608590599, "relative": -6.7e-05, "residual": -0.054590599 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5 (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:O2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S10 (D-003, D-005)", "streams": [ "S10" ], "title": "Gaseous oxygen 99.7 mol% (asu-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.25756870724, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0038685, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; 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add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:CHW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q2, Q4 (vent condensers), D-007", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q4" ], "title": "Chilled water return (vent condensers)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.13106719108, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 3.48776860428e-08, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Chlorine", "uuid": "39d1390a-ded6-41cb-a536-d47510bf2fbc" }, "key": "emission:CL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "chlorine slip of the scrubber: 0.01 % of the 0.05 % Cl2 excess of R-101 (both ASSUMED, D-004, D-009), stream S23", "streams": [ "S23" ], "title": "CL2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -17.1714185806, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 7.65999588976e-09, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Phosphorus trichloride", "uuid": "dcedc211-8daa-49ac-82a9-ce60a22d9b43" }, "key": "emission:PCL3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "PCl3 slip of the scrubber (0.01 %, ASSUMED, D-009), stream S23; hydrolyses in moist air to phosphorous acid and HCl", "streams": [ "S23" ], "title": "PCL3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -18.6872543898, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.01288949001e-08, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of POCL3 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:POCL3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "POCl3 slip of the scrubber (0.01 %, ASSUMED, D-009), stream S23; hydrolyses in moist air to phosphoric acid and HCl", "streams": [ "S23" ], "title": "POCL3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -16.8086682506, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 4, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site integrated with a chlor-alkali plant and an air separation unit, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 32000000.0, "source": "product:POCL3 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Chlorination of molten white phosphorus to PCl3 in a boiling reactor-still, liquid-phase oxidation of PCl3 with oxygen in a cooled loop reactor, two-column distillation with PCl3 recycle and residue purge, caustic vent scrubber; 4.0 t/h POCl3", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h)", "preliminary": true, "process": "phosphorus-oxychloride-1", "process_title": "Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:POCL3", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride), Phosphorus oxychloride (distilled) to storage", "state": "liquid, 3 bar(a), 35 degC, 99.9976 % POCL3 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "7722-64-7", "chemical": "potassium-permanganate", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Potassium permanganate (technical grade) to packing, from Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (dataset potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity potassium-permanganate-1:potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h:product:KMNO4. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 0.0, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 0.0 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 0, "outputs": {}, "problems": [], "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:leach-tanks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:purge-effluent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:roaster-firing": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h", "elements": { "Ca": { "closed": true, "in": 21.663929979, "out": 21.665327106, "relative": -6.4e-05, "residual": -0.001397127 }, "Fe": { "closed": true, "in": 55.07261861, "out": 55.072700003, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -8.1393e-05 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 261.676601633, "out": 261.680629443, "relative": -1.5e-05, "residual": -0.00402781 }, "K": { "closed": true, "in": 400.561989128, "out": 400.562817503, "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -0.000828376 }, "Mn": { "closed": true, "in": 485.14192226, "out": 485.142992934, "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -0.001070674 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 841.85088, "out": 841.85166975, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.00078975 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 2790.713669195, "out": 2790.715553205, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.00188401 }, "Si": { "closed": true, "in": 55.208389195, "out": 55.208310055, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 7.914e-05 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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1250 kg/h KMnO4", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "potassium-permanganate-1", "process_title": "Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:KMNO4", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Potassium permanganate (technical grade) to packing", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 80 degC, 98.9403 % KMnO4 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "coke, per kg as fired, as energy (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:coke-kg. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:coke-kg", "description": "Converts coke counted by mass to the background's energy; the conversion uses soda-ash-1's coke analysis.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:coke-kg" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/a23b7272-baa3-559b-aff7-502df67a2f0d.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "a23b7272-baa3-559b-aff7-502df67a2f0d" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:coke-kg" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 29.11, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:coke-mj", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for coke", "reference_product": "coke" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "LHV 29.11 MJ/kg of the coke as fired, 89 wt-% C, 2 % moisture (soda-ash-1 process/furnaces.yaml, D-005, ASSUMED). ASSUMED that the background's MJ counts the coke by its lower heating value; TODO check its definition", "title": "proxy:coke-mj", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "megajoule" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "coke, per kg as fired, as energy (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "coke, by mass", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "soda-ash-1:soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash:product:SODA" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:cooling-water. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:cooling-water", "description": "Pumping and fans only; make-up water and treatment chemicals are not counted.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:cooling-water" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/591577e9-4930-5fca-8d44-b83af9388f67.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "591577e9-4930-5fca-8d44-b83af9388f67" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:cooling-water" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.01, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:electricity", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "~10 kWh of pump and fan electricity per MWh rejected (ASU-1 factors.yaml cooling-water)", "title": "proxy:electricity", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "used_by": [ "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LOX" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:fitting. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:fitting", "description": "Valves of stainless or cast bodies are counted as carbon steel (screening).", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:fitting" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/f3e384e3-5960-582f-962a-e62a3429e252.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "f3e384e3-5960-582f-962a-e62a3429e252" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:fitting" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 15.0, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:steel-sections", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled", "reference_product": "steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 15 kg per piece, carbon steel (an average DN and type)", "title": "proxy:steel-sections", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "unit" }, "reference_product": "pipe fitting, installed", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "unit", "used_by": [ "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LOX" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "steel grating, per m2 (Atlas screening proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:grating. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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ASSUMED that the dataset's absorbed duty is the background's heat delivered (the furnace efficiency is in the background activity)", "title": "proxy:heat-natural-gas-furnace", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "megajoule" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from natural gas, industrial furnace, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, "reference_product": "heat from natural gas, by energy", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "used_by": [ "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:BENZENE", "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:DIPHENYL", "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:FUELGAS", "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:FUELGAS", "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:HEAVIES", "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:IBP", "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:MEOHP", "potassium-permanganate-1:potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h:product:KMNO4" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "hydrochloric acid, 30 wt-% in water, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:hydrochloric-acid-30. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid-30", "description": "Converts the solution's mass to the background's HCl without water; the dilution water is not counted (screening).", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid-30" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/08834243-fc87-5378-9ac6-4dbd00ebaa6c.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "08834243-fc87-5378-9ac6-4dbd00ebaa6c" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid-30" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.3, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state", "reference_product": "hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "HCl mass fraction of the solution (the 30 wt% acetaldehyde-1 feed:HCLA states)", "title": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "hydrochloric acid, 30 wt-% in water, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "hydrochloric acid, 30 wt-%", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "acetaldehyde-1:acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a:product:PROD" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "hydrochloric acid, 32 wt-% in water, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:hydrochloric-acid-32. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid-32", "description": "Converts the solution's mass to the background's HCl without water; the dilution water is not counted (screening).", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid-32" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/fd8fff8c-9ec8-5235-b1c8-8019575b4f05.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "fd8fff8c-9ec8-5235-b1c8-8019575b4f05" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid-32" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.32, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state", "reference_product": "hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "HCl mass fraction of the solution (chlor-alkali-1 dataset composition of feed:HCL)", "title": "proxy:hydrochloric-acid", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "hydrochloric acid, 32 wt-% in water, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "hydrochloric acid, 32 wt-%", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2", "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:H2", "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:FAL", "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:GLYC" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "hydrogen make-up gas, 99.9 mol% H2, 0.1 mol% CH4, per kg (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:hydrogen-methane-makeup. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:hydrogen-methane-makeup", "description": "Splits a two-component make-up gas by mass. ASSUMED that its methane is supplied as natural gas; mixing and compression are not counted.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:hydrogen-methane-makeup" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/0b5e904f-c388-5041-b462-18116c398b5e.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "0b5e904f-c388-5041-b462-18116c398b5e" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:hydrogen-methane-makeup" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.992097, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:hydrogen", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure", "reference_product": "hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "mass fraction of H2: 0.999 x 2.016 / (0.999 x 2.016 + 0.001 x 16.043), molar masses of chemicals/chemicals.yaml (hda-1 D-020)", "title": "proxy:hydrogen", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.011014, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:natural-gas-m3", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for natural gas, high pressure", "reference_product": "natural gas, high pressure" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "mass fraction of CH4 0.007903 x 1.393728 m3/kg (natural-gas-kg proxy: methane at 0 degC, 1.01325 bar)", "title": "proxy:natural-gas-m3", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "cubic meter" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "hydrogen make-up gas, 99.9 mol% H2, 0.1 mol% CH4, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "hydrogen make-up gas, 99.9 mol% H2", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:BENZENE", "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:DIPHENYL", "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:FUELGAS" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "pipe insulation with aluminium cladding, per m2 (Atlas screening proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:insulation. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:insulation", "description": "Cladding only: the insulant itself (stone wool or PIR, ~5 kg/m2) is NOT counted yet; add it when a background activity for it is curated.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:insulation" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/fb055acb-ae36-5fed-b3bf-ec19cecb594c.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "fb055acb-ae36-5fed-b3bf-ec19cecb594c" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:insulation" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 2.0, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:aluminium", "link": { "database": null, "location": "IAI Area, EU27 & EFTA", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for aluminium, primary, ingot", "reference_product": "aluminium, primary, ingot" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 2 kg/m2 aluminium cladding (~0.7 mm sheet)", "title": "proxy:aluminium", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "pipe insulation with aluminium cladding, per m2 (Atlas screening proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "square meter" }, "reference_product": "pipe insulation, installed", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "square meter", "used_by": [ "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LOX" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:natural-gas-kg. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "description": "Converts a fuel counted by mass to the background's volume.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:natural-gas-kg" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/e5ad7b11-a8db-5161-9619-18d3fb3c8c03.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "e5ad7b11-a8db-5161-9619-18d3fb3c8c03" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:natural-gas-kg" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.393728, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:natural-gas-m3", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for natural gas, high pressure", "reference_product": "natural gas, high pressure" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "1 / 0.7175 kg/m3, the density of methane at 0 degC and 1.01325 bar (chemicals/chemicals.yaml, NIST SRD 69). ASSUMED pure methane and that the background's m3 is at 0 degC; at 15 degC the volume is 288.15/273.15 = 5.5 % larger. TODO check both", "title": "proxy:natural-gas-m3", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "cubic meter" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "acetic-anhydride-1:acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept:product:AC2O", "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE", "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS", "alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU", "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3", "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:STEAM", "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:CRUDEC4", "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:ETHYLENE", "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PROPYLENE", "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PYGAS", "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:H2", "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:STEAMX", "kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP", "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN", "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:benzene", "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:styrene", "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:toluene", "utility-steam-ng-boiler:steam-mp-11bara-natural-gas-boiler:product:steam" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "process pipe, average DN, per m (Atlas screening proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:pipe. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:pipe", "description": "Pipe steel only; supports, welding and coating are not counted.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:pipe" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/781859b9-7cf2-509d-a20b-fb08bb71c92b.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "781859b9-7cf2-509d-a20b-fb08bb71c92b" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:pipe" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 20.0, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:steel-sections", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled", "reference_product": "steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED 20 kg/m (DN100 sch. 40 ~16 kg/m, DN150 ~28 kg/m)", "title": "proxy:steel-sections", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "process pipe, average DN, per m (Atlas screening proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "meter" }, "reference_product": "process pipe, installed", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "meter", "used_by": [ "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LOX" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "platinum-rhodium gauze 90/10, per kg (Atlas screening proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:pt-rh-gauze. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:pt-rh-gauze", "description": "The alloy as its metals; weaving and refining are not counted, and no recovered metal is credited (cut-off: the recovery belongs to the refiner).", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:pt-rh-gauze" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/0a65175b-42dd-5cd7-a893-4e05441adc20.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "0a65175b-42dd-5cd7-a893-4e05441adc20" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:pt-rh-gauze" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.9, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:platinum", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for platinum", "reference_product": "platinum" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED Pt/Rh 90/10 by mass (nitric-acid-1 dataset, O-3)", "title": "proxy:platinum", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.1, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:rhodium", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for rhodium", "reference_product": "rhodium" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED Pt/Rh 90/10 by mass (nitric-acid-1 dataset, O-3)", "title": "proxy:rhodium", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "platinum-rhodium gauze 90/10, per kg (Atlas screening proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "platinum-rhodium gauze", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD", "nitric-acid-1:weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid:product:ACID" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "sodium chloride brine, 26 wt-% NaCl, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:sodium-chloride-brine-26. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:sodium-chloride-brine-26", "description": "Converts the brine's mass to the background's NaCl; the brine water and the brine purification (Ca/Mg removal, soda-ash-1 D-003) are not counted (screening).", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:sodium-chloride-brine-26" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/671ef5f1-54c2-5bef-a859-eaeaa046d5e2.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "671ef5f1-54c2-5bef-a859-eaeaa046d5e2" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:sodium-chloride-brine-26" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.26, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:sodium-chloride-brine", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for sodium chloride, brine solution", "reference_product": "sodium chloride, brine solution" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NaCl mass fraction of the brine (soda-ash-1 dataset composition of feed:BRINE)", "title": "proxy:sodium-chloride-brine", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "sodium chloride brine, 26 wt-% NaCl, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "sodium chloride brine, 26 wt-%", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "soda-ash-1:soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash:product:SODA" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:steam-heat-kwh. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "description": "Converts steam counted as heat delivered (kWh) to the background's heat from steam (MJ).", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/b3d540a6-95fe-53c5-992c-a9cb42ad735f.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "b3d540a6-95fe-53c5-992c-a9cb42ad735f" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 3.6, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:heat-from-steam", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for heat, from steam, in chemical industry", "reference_product": "heat, from steam, in chemical industry" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. ASSUMED that the background's MJ counts the heat the steam delivers, as the datasets count it (condensing duty); TODO check its definition (steam-mp)", "title": "proxy:heat-from-steam", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "megajoule" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "used_by": [ "acetic-acid-1:acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water:product:HAC", "acetic-anhydride-1:acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept:product:AC2O", "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:ACETONE", "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:PHENOL", "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE", "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS", "alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU", "bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2", "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2", "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:H2", "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "chloromethane-1:chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination:product:MECL", "dmf-1:n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a:product:DMFP", "ethanol-1:ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous:product:ETOH", "ethylbenzene-1:ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase:product:ethylbenzene", "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:CRUDEC4", "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:ETHYLENE", "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PROPYLENE", "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PYGAS", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:DEG", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:MEG", "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:TEG", "formaldehyde-1:formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt:product:FORMALIN", "formic-acid-1:formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a:product:FA", "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:FAL", "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:GLYC", "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:BENZENE", "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:DIPHENYL", "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:FUELGAS", "hydrazine-1:hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process:product:HH", "hydrogen-bromide-1:hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt:product:HBRACID", "hydrogen-peroxide-1:hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt:product:PROD", "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD", "iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE", "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:FUELGAS", "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:HEAVIES", "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:IBP", "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:MEOHP", "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:FUELGAS", "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MEOH", "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MPS", "methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:DMAP", "methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:MMAP", "methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:TMAP", "n-bromosuccinimide-1:n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a:product:NBS", "natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:NGL", "natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:SALESGAS", "nitric-acid-1:weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid:product:ACID", "phosphorus-oxychloride-1:phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3:product:POCL3", "potassium-permanganate-1:potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h:product:KMNO4", "soda-ash-1:soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash:product:SODA", "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2", "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO3", "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:benzene", "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:styrene", "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:toluene", "thf-1:tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation:product:THFP", "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2", "urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), per kg, as heat from steam (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:steam-mp. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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ASSUMED that the background's MJ counts heat on that basis; TODO check its definition", "title": "proxy:heat-from-steam", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "megajoule" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), per kg, as heat from steam (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a)", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "acetaldehyde-1:acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a:product:PROD", "bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2", "cumene-1:cumene-zeolite-alkylation:product:cumene", "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:FAL", "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:GLYC", "hydrogen-peroxide-1:hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt:product:PROD", "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD", "soda-ash-1:soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash:product:SODA" ] }, { "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity proxy:wastewater-kg. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a screening proxy of lci/mappings.yaml, not a dataset", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "proxy:wastewater-kg", "description": "Converts wastewater counted by mass to the background's m3; background alternative of processes/utility-wwtp.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:wastewater-kg" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/707c91fa-dbe9-5268-a198-bbf6db3badba.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "707c91fa-dbe9-5268-a198-bbf6db3badba" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "proxy:wastewater-kg" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.001, "direction": "input", "key": "proxy:wastewater-treatment", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "treatment of wastewater, average, wastewater treatment", "reference_product": "wastewater, average" }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "1 m3 = 1000 kg, the LCI convention for water (core's elementary-flow crosswalk uses the same)", "title": "proxy:wastewater-treatment", "type": "technosphere", "unit": "cubic meter" } ], "gaps": 0, "kind": "proxy", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "preliminary": false, "process": null, "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass", "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:FUELGAS", "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MEOH", "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MPS", "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Hierarchy step 3 (WBCSD price ratio) cannot be applied: no sourced prices of crude crystalline and metallurgical-grade SiC are recorded for this concept design. Mass is used because both co-products are mostly SiC (98 and 88 wt%) from the same batch; to be revisited with economic allocation once prices are sourced (D-010).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.2, "source": "study" }, "cas": "409-21-2", "chemical": "silicon-carbide", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Silicon carbide, Metallurgical-grade SiC (88 wt%), from Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) (dataset silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:MET. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 4031.084972191 }, "in": 6225.762417285, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 6225.762417285 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 6225.776660895, "outputs": { "emissions": 4031.084972191, "outputs": 287.355296047, "products": 1907.336392658 }, "problems": [], "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -0.01424361, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:furnace-pollutants": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept", "elements": { "Al": { "closed": true, "in": 43.858551505, "out": 43.859142954, "relative": -1.3e-05, "residual": -0.000591449 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 6225.762417285, "out": 6225.776660895, "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -0.01424361 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 182.018944164, "out": 182.011986086, "relative": 3.8e-05, "residual": 0.006958078 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 35576.6103969, "out": 35576.6583552, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.0479583 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 16291.566954006, "out": 16291.514223769, "relative": 3e-06, "residual": 0.052730237 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 102.0735, "out": 102.078060553, "relative": -4.5e-05, "residual": -0.004560553 }, "Si": { "closed": true, "in": 4497.70923614, "out": 4497.701570542, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.007665598 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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no regional background linked" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 40000000.0, "source": "product:SIC per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Acheson batch resistance furnaces (silica sand and green petroleum coke, graphite core), gas burn-off over the charge, ingot cooling, breaking and sorting with recycle of the unreacted mix, crushing and screening; 5000 kg/h crude SiC", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "silicon-carbide-1", "process_title": "Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:MET", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Silicon carbide, Metallurgical-grade SiC (88 wt%)", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 50 degC, 88 % SiC (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Hierarchy step 3 (WBCSD price ratio) cannot be applied: no sourced prices of crude crystalline and metallurgical-grade SiC are recorded for this concept design. Mass is used because both co-products are mostly SiC (98 and 88 wt%) from the same batch; to be revisited with economic allocation once prices are sourced (D-010).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.8, "source": "study" }, "cas": "409-21-2", "chemical": "silicon-carbide", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Silicon carbide, Crushed crude crystalline SiC (98 wt%), from Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) (dataset silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:SIC. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 4031.084972191 }, "in": 6225.762417285, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 6225.762417285 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 6225.776660895, "outputs": { "emissions": 4031.084972191, "outputs": 287.355296047, "products": 1907.336392658 }, "problems": [], "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -0.01424361, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:furnace-pollutants": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept", "elements": { "Al": { "closed": true, "in": 43.858551505, "out": 43.859142954, "relative": -1.3e-05, "residual": -0.000591449 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 6225.762417285, "out": 6225.776660895, "relative": -2e-06, "residual": -0.01424361 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 182.018944164, "out": 182.011986086, "relative": 3.8e-05, "residual": 0.006958078 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 35576.6103969, "out": 35576.6583552, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.0479583 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 16291.566954006, "out": 16291.514223769, "relative": 3e-06, "residual": 0.052730237 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 102.0735, "out": 102.078060553, "relative": -4.5e-05, "residual": -0.004560553 }, "Si": { "closed": true, "in": 4497.70923614, "out": 4497.701570542, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.007665598 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 48125.0, "heat rejected": 33716.4 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:AMB": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:DUST": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:VENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 62919.6, "out": 62919.6, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:SIC", "dataset": { "id": "silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept", "path": "processes/silicon-carbide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept)", "uuid": "ea20b56e-bec0-5255-80c7-c0edc031fb2f", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:SIC" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/ea20b56e-bec0-5255-80c7-c0edc031fb2f.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "ea20b56e-bec0-5255-80c7-c0edc031fb2f" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.562976, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:SAND", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S1 (scripts/sic_balance.py, D-005, D-006)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Silica sand", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.446591696235, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.088784, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); 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"processes/soda-ash-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light soda ash)", "uuid": "b498b28a-f6d4-5edf-8a0b-e5a5abbb2e0e", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light soda ash), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "soda-ash-1:soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash:product:SODA" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/b498b28a-f6d4-5edf-8a0b-e5a5abbb2e0e.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": 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"scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.47991561607, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:PW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "streams S6 (slaking) and S20 (cake wash)", "streams": [ "S6", "S20" ], "title": "Process water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.24700804524, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.88384009293, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-mp", "location": "GLO", "name": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), per kg, as heat from steam (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "steam, saturated, 11 bar(a)" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:LPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity 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"distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.391150070456, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.111856710515, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q1 + Q3 (compressors) + Q5 (auxiliaries, ASSUMED 35 kWh/t), D-008", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q3", "Q5" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.19053659718, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 11.1899310481, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:DSW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "stream S24 (D-006)", "streams": [ "S24" ], "title": "Distiller waste (CaCl2 liquor with suspended solids) to settling ponds", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 2.41501436038, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.46556362755, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q2, Q4, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q10 (D-008)", "streams": [ "Q2", "Q4", "Q6", "Q7", "Q8", "Q10" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.382239897183, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.306172421257, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unabsorbed kiln CO2: limestone (geogenic carbonate) and coke carbon, both fossil carbon; the vent leaves the scrubber stack (D-006)", "streams": [ "S13" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.18360686756, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000500259984592, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Ammonia", "uuid": "0f440cc0-0f74-446d-99d6-8ff0e97a2444" }, "key": "emission:NH3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ammonia slip after the tower-gas scrubber, 0.5 kg/t ASSUMED (D-006)", "streams": [ "S13" ], "title": "NH3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.6003826255, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": null, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 333333600.0, "source": "product:SODA per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Solvay ammonia-soda process: mixed-feed shaft lime kiln, ammoniation, carbonating towers, rotary vacuum filter, steam calciner, ammonia distiller with milk of lime; 1000 t/d light soda ash", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)", "preliminary": false, "process": "soda-ash-1", "process_title": "Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:SODA", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Sodium carbonate, Light soda ash to storage", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 160 degC, 99.5 % Na2CO3 (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Shares 1/0 instead of the library's exergy allocation of exported steam, because the chemical exergy of NaCN is not sourced yet (DESIGN.md D-012); the steam then carries no burden, which overstates the product's burdens.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "143-33-9", "chemical": "sodium-cyanide", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Solid sodium cyanide (98 wt%) to packing, from Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) (dataset solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 840.457477166 }, "in": 2342.283504955, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 2342.283504955 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 2342.339095011, "outputs": { "emissions": 840.457477166, "outputs": 0.751700281, "products": 1501.129917564 }, "problems": [], "relative": -2.4e-05, "residual": -0.055590056, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:boiler-nox-co": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:start-up-and-flaring": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:vents-and-dust": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 2342.283504955, "out": 2342.339095011, "relative": -2.4e-05, "residual": -0.055590056 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 1965.65844111, "out": 1965.731947563, "relative": -3.7e-05, "residual": -0.073506452 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 41512.144260175, "out": 41512.152780608, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.008520433 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 2909.260718304, "out": 2909.205462258, "relative": 1.9e-05, "residual": 0.055256046 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 18441.663075455, "out": 18441.670728418, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.007652963 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.756084, "inputs": { "electricity": 1027.7, "heat rejected": 22508.7 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 17795.5 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CHW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:MPSX": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 97789.3975, "out": 97786.1125, "relative": 3.4e-05, "residual": 3.285, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": { "consumable:bfw-export": "no composition", "consumable:bfw-makeup": "no composition", "consumable:hcn-stabiliser": "no composition", "consumable:phosphate-makeup": "no composition", "consumable:pt-rh-gauze": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.bfw-export": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.bfw-makeup": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.phosphate-makeup": "no composition", "disposal:consumable.pt-rh-gauze": "no composition" }, "problems": [ "element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:pt-rh-gauze (no composition), disposal:consumable.pt-rh-gauze (no composition), consumable:bfw-export (no composition), disposal:consumable.bfw-export (no composition), consumable:bfw-makeup (no composition), disposal:consumable.bfw-makeup (no composition), consumable:phosphate-makeup (no composition), disposal:consumable.phosphate-makeup (no composition), consumable:hcn-stabiliser (no composition)", "carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:pt-rh-gauze (no composition), disposal:consumable.pt-rh-gauze (no composition), consumable:bfw-export (no composition), disposal:consumable.bfw-export (no composition), consumable:bfw-makeup (no composition), disposal:consumable.bfw-makeup (no composition), consumable:phosphate-makeup (no composition), disposal:consumable.phosphate-makeup (no composition), consumable:hcn-stabiliser (no composition)" ], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "not-assessable", "lci-element-balance": "not-assessable", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN", "dataset": { "id": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "path": "processes/sodium-cyanide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h NaCN)", "uuid": "c9b4056c-9c59-54c8-9ecc-e9fd63749206", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h NaCN), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/c9b4056c-9c59-54c8-9ecc-e9fd63749206.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "c9b4056c-9c59-54c8-9ecc-e9fd63749206" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.5005712, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NG", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Natural gas (S1, modelled as methane, 400 kPa(a)): connect to a market for natural gas, high pressure, of the site's country (production, processing and transport to the consumer). Used as feedstock (its carbon leaves in the HCN, the tail gas CO/CO2 and so in the stack CO2), not burned as fuel.", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Natural gas (as methane) from the site grid", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.692005432602, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.437408, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; ammonia (Liquid ammonia product (refrigerated, to the battery limit)) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3", "kind": "pinned", "location": "NL", "name": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "reference_product": "Liquid ammonia product (refrigerated, to the battery limit)" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NH3F", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Anhydrous liquid ammonia (S2, 1100 kPa(a)): connect to the library process ammonia-1 (natural-gas reforming and Haber-Bosch synthesis) once its dataset is published in the Atlas, or else to a market for ammonia, anhydrous, liquid. The link to ammonia-1 is to be pinned explicitly (dataset:), not left to the slug.", "streams": [ "S2" ], "title": "Liquid ammonia from the ammonia plant (ammonia-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.826888881012, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.6196496, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sodium-hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "kind": "pinned", "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NAOHF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Caustic soda 50 wt% (S20, flow incl. its water; 0.81 kg NaOH per kg product): connect to the library process chlor-alkali-1 (membrane cell caustic) once its dataset is published, with its chlorine/hydrogen co-product allocation, or else to a market for sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50 % solution state (per kg NaOH 100 %: the inventory counts the solution, so convert by the 0.5 mass fraction when linking).", "streams": [ "S20" ], "title": "Caustic soda 50 wt% from the chlor-alkali plant (chlor-alkali-1)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.482209829553, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.164432, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Electricity for the process air blower K-101 (Q1) and the lumped pumps, vacuum pumps, centrifuge, dryer drive, briquetting press and boiler fan (Q2, ASSUMED 400 kW): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.8052581681, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.217344, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:WW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Process water (S10 ammonia recovery water 3.0 t/h with 0.11 wt% NH3; S16 absorber purge 3.6 t/h with about 470 ppm(wt) HCN and 930 ppm(wt) NH3; S26 vapour condensate 7.3 t/h): connect to treatment of cyanide-bearing industrial wastewater (oxidative cyanide destruction, e.g. with hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorite, then biological treatment with nitrogen removal) per m3 with its cyanide and ammonia load. Residual cyanide and ammonia discharges are emissions of that treatment, not of this plant.", "streams": [ "S10", "S16", "S26" ], "title": "Cyanide- and ammonia-bearing process water to cyanide destruction and wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.796310083234, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.83576, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q10-Q14, 298/308 K): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower (pumping and fan power, make-up water, blowdown, treatment chemicals) per kWh of heat removed, e.g. the library process utility-cooling-tower.", "streams": [ "Q10", "Q11", "Q12", "Q13", "Q14" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.04230997885, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.765632, "carrier": "cold, chilled water, 2 degC", "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'chilled-water'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:CHW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Heat removed by chilled water at 275/283 K (Q15 HCN absorber, Q16 lean water chiller): connect to chilled water production in a compression chiller (electricity at its COP, refrigerant losses, heat rejection to cooling water) per kWh of cold, e.g. the library process utility-chiller.", "streams": [ "Q15", "Q16" ], "title": "Chilled water return (from the site refrigeration plant)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.267053642434, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "0795345f-c7ae-410c-ad25-1845784c75f5" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "0 only because complete combustion is ASSUMED (D-009)", "streams": [ "S31" ], "title": "CH4 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "ba2f3f82-c93a-47a5-822a-37ec97495275" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "0 only because complete combustion is ASSUMED (D-009); boiler CO is an open emission estimate", "streams": [ "S31" ], "title": "CO to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.492717583716, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "S31: CO2 from the natural gas carbon not leaving in the product (converter CO and CO2, residual CH4, HCN slip, burned in B-301); fossil", "streams": [ "S31" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.707819121585, "scale": 0.350642754828 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Hydrogen", "uuid": null }, "key": "emission:H2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "0 only because complete combustion is ASSUMED (D-009)", "streams": [ "S31" ], "title": "H2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of HCN (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:HCN", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "0 only because complete destruction of the 0.1 % HCN slip in B-301 is ASSUMED (D-009)", "streams": [ "S31" ], "title": "HCN to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ammonia", "uuid": "87883a4e-1e3e-4c9d-90c0-f1bea36f8014" }, "key": "emission:NH3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (calculated, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 3, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "calculated", "source": "0 in the stack: the NH3 slip is absorbed in C-201 and leaves with the process water (D-006, D-007)", "streams": [ "S31" ], "title": "NH3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2e-06, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:pt-rh-gauze", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED without an open source: about 50 kg of Pt/Rh 90/10 gauze in the converters (roughly 11 m2 of gauze area from the specific output of about 300 kg HCN per h and m2 of US 6,596,251 B2 in air operation, several layers), renewed twice a year (the patents describe the selectivity falling until the gauze is renewed). The irrecoverable platinum loss per kg HCN, which drives this exchange in reality, is not known in this run (open input). WHEN MAPPED (review 2026-10-28-pfd-lci-review#5): model the net, irrecoverable Pt/Rh loss per kg HCN (or the charge with the refined metal returned), not the primary production of the whole charge every campaign; until then this stays a gap.", "title": "Pt/Rh 90/10 gauze pack of the converter (R-101)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.1223633774, "scale": 0.549306144334 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 4.358, "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:bfw-export", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: 27.24 t/h, the water of the 17.80 MW steam export (Q8 + Q9) at 2352 kJ/kg, 8000 h/a; the export is an upper bound (review 2026-10-28-pfd-lci-review#1).", "title": "Boiler feed water (demineralised, deaerated) leaving as the exported MP steam", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 1.47201323652, "scale": 0.131182132234 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.54, "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:bfw-makeup", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: blowdown 3 % of the 46.9 t/h raised (1.41 t/h) and 10 % loss of the 19.7 t/h of condensate of the plant's own LP steam use (1.97 t/h), 3.38 t/h, 8000 h/a.", "title": "Boiler feed water make-up for blowdown and condensate losses (E-101, B-301)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.616186139424, "scale": 0.34657359028 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.54, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:wastewater-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "disposal:consumable.bfw-makeup", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: all of it to drains (part of the condensate loss evaporates in reality)", "title": "Disposal: Boiler feed water make-up for blowdown and condensate losses (E-101, B-301) (boiler blowdown and condensate drains to the site wastewater treatment)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.616186139424, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0004, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:phosphate-makeup", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED placeholder without an open source (D-006 open input): 20 t/a H3PO4 (about 0.4 g per kg product) to replace the phosphate lost with the ammonia recovery water S10 and by degradation of the loop. Recorded so that the gap shows; the amount is to be sourced in the next stage.", "title": "Phosphoric acid make-up of the ammonium phosphate ammonia recovery loop (C-101)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.82404601086, "scale": 1.1512925465 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0004, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "disposal:consumable.phosphate-makeup", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED: the phosphate lost from the loop leaves with the process water", "title": "Disposal: Phosphoric acid make-up of the ammonium phosphate ammonia recovery loop (C-101) (with the ammonia recovery water S10 to cyanide destruction and wastewater treatment)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.82404601086, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.00054, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "consumable:hcn-stabiliser", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "ASSUMED placeholder without an open source (D-007 open input): about 0.1 wt% acid on the liquid HCN (3.38 t/h), 27 t/a as H2SO4 (about 0.5 g per kg product). The acid goes with the HCN to R-401, where the caustic neutralises it; the sodium sulfate stays in the product (not modelled in the flowsheet: 0.05 % of the product mass), so no disposal exchange.", "title": "Acid stabiliser of the HCN refining against polymerisation (C-202)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.52394141841, "scale": 0.804718956217 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 6, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 50000000.0, "source": "product:NACN per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "air-operated Andrussow converter on Pt/Rh gauze, waste heat boiler, ammonium phosphate ammonia recovery and recycle, HCN absorption in chilled water and rectification, neutralisation with 50 wt% NaOH, vacuum evaporative crystallisation, steam drying, tail gas boiler; 6.25 t/h solid NaCN", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a)", "preliminary": true, "process": "sodium-cyanide-1", "process_title": "Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:NACN", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Solid sodium cyanide (98 wt%) to packing", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 40 degC, 98 % NACN_S (mass)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Economic allocation would follow the library hierarchy for two material co-products of unequal value, but no open price basis for either salt was found in this run; mass is used until prices are sourced (open input, DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.86226, "source": "study" }, "cas": "7632-00-0", "chemical": "sodium-nitrite", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Sodium nitrite, dried, 99.0 wt-% (to bagging and storage), from Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) (dataset sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 245.12372324 }, "in": 245.275390327, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 245.275390327 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 245.275520938, "outputs": { "emissions": 245.12372324, "products": 0.151797699 }, "problems": [], "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.000130611, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:dissolver": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:dust": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:leaks": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:no-combustion": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:non-routine": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:platinum": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 127.829250754, "out": 127.829229227, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 2.1527e-05 }, "C": { "closed": true, "in": 245.275390327, "out": 245.275520938, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.000130611 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 140.804879626, "out": 140.805939761, "relative": -8e-06, "residual": -0.001060135 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 8127.12042263, "out": 8127.127190694, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.006768064 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 938.952830509, "out": 938.952205954, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.000624555 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 3538.557226153, "out": 3538.558975457, "relative": -0.0, "residual": -0.001749304 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 188.1, "heat rejected": 5563.7, "steam": 1993.9 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:LPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:DRYVENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:TAIL": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 13118.54, "out": 13118.549062031, "relative": -1e-06, "residual": -0.009062031, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2", "dataset": { "id": "sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product", "path": "processes/sodium-nitrite-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (2.5 t/h NaNO2, NaNO3 co-product)", "uuid": "7f7b99d9-16ba-5d5f-9e5b-4e5533be418a", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (2.5 t/h NaNO2, NaNO3 co-product), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/7f7b99d9-16ba-5d5f-9e5b-4e5533be418a.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; 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biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "CO2 from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.26302737819, "scale": 0.34657359028 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000391551411593, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Water", "uuid": "075e433b-4be4-448e-9510-9a5029c1ce94" }, "key": "emission:H2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "combustion water; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "Water vapour from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.84539373163, "scale": 0.185781778216 }, "unit": "cubic meter" }, { "amount": 5.9015900804e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "c1b91234-6f24-417b-8309-46111d09c457" }, "key": "emission:NOX", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "NOx from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.73770364522, "scale": 0.18887563477 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.32193708081e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Sulfur dioxide", "uuid": "fd7aa71c-508c-480d-81a6-8052aad92646" }, "key": "emission:SO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "SO2 from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.973108772, "scale": 0.402344277646 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.80484270204e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "ba2f3f82-c93a-47a5-822a-37ec97495275" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "CO from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.0568180402, "scale": 0.173211283737 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.74145281061e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "0795345f-c7ae-410c-ad25-1845784c75f5" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "CH4 from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.2607908445, "scale": 0.142589471117 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.20934222959e-06, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (literature) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance", "title": "Particulates from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.6254339581, "scale": 0.288306682152 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.04003431745e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds", "uuid": "d3260d0e-8203-4cbb-a45a-6a13131a5108" }, "key": "emission:NMVOC", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, 5.3.1.2.1, p. 270, and 5.3.1.6, p. 273 (the fugitive figure includes methane); mass outside the element balance", "title": "VOC: superheater NMVOC and fugitives", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.4736717548, "scale": 0.409449192933 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 5, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1000 kg of styrene monomer", "boundary": "gate-to-gate: reactor section with steam superheater, off-gas recovery, fractionation; ethylbenzene, steam and power from outside", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "EU plants of the BREF data collection; no single site." }, "location": "RER" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": null, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0", "technology": "adiabatic dehydrogenation over iron oxide catalyst under vacuum, vacuum distillation; the PO/SM route is not modelled", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "description": "BREF data collection: Table 5.9 gives 2011 and a 2007-2011 average for the dehydrogenation plants. valid_until is the reference year + 5 (system-model section 6), so it has already lapsed.", "start": 2007 }, "valid_until": 2016 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "RER", "name": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "preliminary": true, "process": "styrene-1", "process_title": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:benzene", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Benzene, by-product", "state": null, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "No sourced prices, so the WBCSD price ratio of styrene and toluene cannot be computed (benzene, 0.97 % of the output, is below the 1 % line and does not enter it). Mass is the preliminary choice.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.967473783673, "source": "dataset" }, "cas": "100-42-5", "chemical": "styrene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Styrene monomer, 99.8 %, from Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (dataset styrene-eb-dehydrogenation 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:styrene. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:styrene", "dataset": { "id": "styrene-eb-dehydrogenation", "path": "processes/styrene-1/lca/datasets/styrene-eb-dehydrogenation.yaml", "title": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "uuid": "d0f9fac1-d910-5bbc-b30a-ecd2d44c22ac", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Per 1 t of styrene monomer, gate-to-gate, EU plants of the LVOC BREF data collection. Toluene and benzene are co-products. 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this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 1.03519694853, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names ethylbenzene only; ethylbenzene (Ethylbenzene) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery", "code": "ethylbenzene-1:ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase:product:ethylbenzene", "kind": "pinned", "location": "RER", "name": "Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene", "reference_product": "Ethylbenzene" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:ethylbenzene", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, 5.3.4.1, p. 281", "title": "Ethylbenzene", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": 0.0345916970496, "scale": 0.0138075835165 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0951376739283, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:natural-gas-kg", "location": "GLO", "name": "natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "natural gas, by mass" }, "carrier": "fuel, LHV 50.01 MJ/kg", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:natural-gas", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "fuel range less the LHV of the off-gas hydrogen (reading ASSUMED, see parameter fuel); the heat of the off-gas methane and ethylene is not credited", "title": "Natural gas (as methane) to the steam superheater", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.35243023721, "scale": 0.394228680182 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.106422116204, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:electricity", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, 5.3.5, p. 283", "title": "Electricity", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.24034186461, "scale": 0.305968562567 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 2.29775023622, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:steam", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, 5.3.5, p. 283; 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biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "CO2 from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.26302737819, "scale": 0.34657359028 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000391551411593, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Water", "uuid": "075e433b-4be4-448e-9510-9a5029c1ce94" }, "key": "emission:H2O", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "combustion water; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "Water vapour from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -7.84539373163, "scale": 0.185781778216 }, "unit": "cubic meter" }, { "amount": 5.9015900804e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "uuid": "c1b91234-6f24-417b-8309-46111d09c457" }, "key": "emission:NOX", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "NOx from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.73770364522, "scale": 0.18887563477 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.32193708081e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Sulfur dioxide", "uuid": "fd7aa71c-508c-480d-81a6-8052aad92646" }, "key": "emission:SO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "SO2 from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.973108772, "scale": 0.402344277646 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.80484270204e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "ba2f3f82-c93a-47a5-822a-37ec97495275" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "CO from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.0568180402, "scale": 0.173211283737 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.74145281061e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "0795345f-c7ae-410c-ad25-1845784c75f5" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "CH4 from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.2607908445, "scale": 0.142589471117 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.20934222959e-06, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (literature) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance", "title": "Particulates from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.6254339581, "scale": 0.288306682152 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.04003431745e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds", "uuid": "d3260d0e-8203-4cbb-a45a-6a13131a5108" }, "key": "emission:NMVOC", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, 5.3.1.2.1, p. 270, and 5.3.1.6, p. 273 (the fugitive figure includes methane); mass outside the element balance", "title": "VOC: superheater NMVOC and fugitives", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.4736717548, "scale": 0.409449192933 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 5, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1000 kg of styrene monomer", "boundary": "gate-to-gate: reactor section with steam superheater, off-gas recovery, fractionation; ethylbenzene, steam and power from outside", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "EU plants of the BREF data collection; no single site." }, "location": "RER" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": null, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0", "technology": "adiabatic dehydrogenation over iron oxide catalyst under vacuum, vacuum distillation; the PO/SM route is not modelled", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "description": "BREF data collection: Table 5.9 gives 2011 and a 2007-2011 average for the dehydrogenation plants. valid_until is the reference year + 5 (system-model section 6), so it has already lapsed.", "start": 2007 }, "valid_until": 2016 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "RER", "name": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "preliminary": true, "process": "styrene-1", "process_title": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:styrene", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Styrene monomer, 99.8 %", "state": null, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "No sourced prices, so the WBCSD price ratio of styrene and toluene cannot be computed (benzene, 0.97 % of the output, is below the 1 % line and does not enter it). Mass is the preliminary choice.", "rule": "deviation", "share": 0.0228514784907, "source": "dataset" }, "cas": "108-88-3", "chemical": "toluene", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Toluene, by-product, from Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (dataset styrene-eb-dehydrogenation 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:toluene. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:toluene", "dataset": { "id": "styrene-eb-dehydrogenation", "path": "processes/styrene-1/lca/datasets/styrene-eb-dehydrogenation.yaml", "title": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "uuid": "d0f9fac1-d910-5bbc-b30a-ecd2d44c22ac", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Per 1 t of styrene monomer, gate-to-gate, EU plants of the LVOC BREF data collection. Toluene and benzene are co-products. 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the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "NOx from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.73770364522, "scale": 0.18887563477 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.32193708081e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Sulfur dioxide", "uuid": "fd7aa71c-508c-480d-81a6-8052aad92646" }, "key": "emission:SO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "SO2 from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.973108772, "scale": 0.402344277646 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.80484270204e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon monoxide, fossil", "uuid": "ba2f3f82-c93a-47a5-822a-37ec97495275" }, "key": "emission:CO", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "CO from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.0568180402, "scale": 0.173211283737 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.74145281061e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Methane, fossil", "uuid": "0795345f-c7ae-410c-ad25-1845784c75f5" }, "key": "emission:CH4", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance; biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml)", "title": "CH4 from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.2607908445, "scale": 0.142589471117 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.20934222959e-06, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of PM (literature) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:PM", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, section 5.3.1.2.1, pp. 269-270 (Plant #5 only; the fuel differs per plant); mass outside the element balance", "title": "Particulates from the steam superheater", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.6254339581, "scale": 0.288306682152 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.04003431745e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds", "uuid": "d3260d0e-8203-4cbb-a45a-6a13131a5108" }, "key": "emission:NMVOC", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 3, 4, 4, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "given", "source": "EU JRC (2017) LVOC BREF, EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304, 5.3.1.2.1, p. 270, and 5.3.1.6, p. 273 (the fugitive figure includes methane); mass outside the element balance", "title": "VOC: superheater NMVOC and fugitives", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -11.4736717548, "scale": 0.409449192933 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 5, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1000 kg of styrene monomer", "boundary": "gate-to-gate: reactor section with steam superheater, off-gas recovery, fractionation; 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Neither applies here: the acid has no energy content, so energy allocation would put every burden on the steam, and no property package covers aqueous sulfuric acid (D-006), so the acid's exergy cannot be calculated; the steam is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. Shares 1/0 are the conservative choice for the acid until the exergy of both products is available (DESIGN.md D-014).", "rule": "deviation", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "7664-93-9", "chemical": "sulfuric-acid", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% to storage, from Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) (dataset sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4:product:ACID. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 0.0, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 0.0 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 0, "outputs": {}, "problems": [], "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-so2": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:furnace-nox": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:pump-tank-vent": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4", "elements": { "Ar": { "closed": true, "in": 1376.648767938, "out": 1376.648415015, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.000352923 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 927.46818334, "out": 927.518590534, "relative": -5.4e-05, "residual": -0.050407194 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 81089.944414218, "out": 81089.92607119, "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.018343028 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 32201.198634504, "out": 32202.164880919, "relative": -3e-05, "residual": -0.966246415 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 13663.88, "out": 13662.562042342, "relative": 9.6e-05, "residual": 1.317957658 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 1.888421, "inputs": { "electricity": 2307.0, "heat rejected": 20786.9 }, "outputs": { "steam exported": 43611.0 }, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:HPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:STACK": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 129259.14, "out": 129258.82, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.32, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4:product:ACID", "dataset": { "id": "sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4", "path": "processes/sulfuric-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Sulfuric acid, sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d H2SO4)", "uuid": "640548b9-a0e5-5632-a872-cbbcc5ddb596", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Sulfuric acid, sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d H2SO4), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4:product:ACID" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/640548b9-a0e5-5632-a872-cbbcc5ddb596.json", "note": "the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "640548b9-a0e5-5632-a872-cbbcc5ddb596" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "note": "the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.323014767937, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:SULFUR", "link": { "database": null, "location": "GLO", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for sulfur", "reference_product": "sulfur" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S4 (scripts/balance.py, D-003, D-006)", "streams": [ "S4" ], "title": "Molten sulfur", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.13005723564, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.165737061211, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:PW", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RoW", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for water, deionised", "reference_product": "water, deionised" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S31 (D-007)", "streams": [ "S31" ], "title": "Process (dilution) water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -1.79735271504, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.054537588857, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q1 (main blower) and Q2 (acid pump), D-010", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.90886511125, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.491403296841, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q7 (acid cooler) and Q8 (product cooler), D-007", "streams": [ "Q7", "Q8" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.710490109839, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00193609442446, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Sulfur dioxide", "uuid": "78c3efe4-421c-4d30-82e4-b97ac5124993" }, "key": "emission:SO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "unconverted SO2: 0.3 % of the sulfur at 99.7 % overall conversion (D-005, D-009), flowsheet stream S19", "streams": [ "S19" ], "title": "SO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.24708251835, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 3.86733415437e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Sulfur trioxide", "uuid": "3268d8df-59cc-4740-a89f-dee8355ad7c3" }, "key": "emission:SO3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "SO3 slip of the final tower (99.9 % absorption ASSUMED, D-007), leaving as sulfuric acid mist; flowsheet stream S19 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S19" ], "title": "SO3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -10.1603600443, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 338408800.0, "source": "product:ACID per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "sulfur burning, 3+1 double contact / double absorption, V2O5 catalyst, 1000 t/d H2SO4, HP steam export", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%)", "preliminary": false, "process": "sulfuric-acid-1", "process_title": "Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:ACID", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% to storage", "state": "liquid, 3 bar(a), 40 degC, 92.344 % H2SO4 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [ "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD", "iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "109-99-9", "chemical": "tetrahydrofuran", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Tetrahydrofuran, THF product to storage, from Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation) (dataset tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity thf-1:tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation:product:THFP. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. 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Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": {}, "in": 0.0, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 0.0 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 0, "outputs": {}, "problems": [], "relative": 0.0, "residual": 0.0, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "cutoff:activated-carbon": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "cutoff:iron-catalyst": { "amount": null, "direction": "input", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:fugitive-chlorides": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:startup-shutdown": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage-breathing": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h", "elements": { "Cl": { "closed": true, "in": 2241.662353744, "out": 2241.680058859, "relative": -8e-06, "residual": -0.017705115 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 40.855525661, "out": 40.855494192, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 3.1469e-05 }, "Na": { "closed": true, "in": 22.747437353, "out": 22.748192206, "relative": -3.3e-05, "residual": -0.000754853 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 845.971363937, "out": 845.97021231, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.001151627 }, "S": { "closed": true, "in": 1022.522319304, "out": 1022.489042433, "relative": 3.3e-05, "residual": 0.033276871 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); 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wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "wastewater, by mass" }, "direction": "input", "key": "product:EFF", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet stream S44 (D-009)", "streams": [ "S44" ], "title": "Spent scrubber liquor to wastewater treatment", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.18289809325, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.501482666667, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q1, Q2 (chlorinators), Q6 (reactor), Q7 (crude condenser), Q12 (column condenser), D-010", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2", "Q6", "Q7", "Q12" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.690186235155, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.118578666667, "carrier": "cold, -20 degC", "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "product:BRINE", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "flowsheet energy streams Q8 (crude after-condenser) and Q10 (degasser condenser), D-007", "streams": [ "Q8", "Q10" ], "title": "Refrigerated brine return (253 K)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.13217868493, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 1.67078281855e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Chlorine", "uuid": "39d1390a-ded6-41cb-a536-d47510bf2fbc" }, "key": "emission:CL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "chlorine not absorbed in the caustic scrubber (0.1 %, ASSUMED, D-009), stream S43", "streams": [ "S43" ], "title": "CL2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -13.3022182877, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 1.73866935217e-11, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of S2CL2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:S2CL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "disulfur dichloride slip of the scrubber (0.1 %, ASSUMED, D-009), stream S43 (about 1e-9 kg/kg)", "streams": [ "S43" ], "title": "S2CL2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -24.7753159424, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.72076646519e-08, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of SCL2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:SCL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "sulfur dichloride slip of the scrubber (0.1 %, ASSUMED, D-009), stream S43", "streams": [ "S43" ], "title": "SCL2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -17.4197671147, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 5.26699344554e-06, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air", "non-urban air or from high stacks" ], "database": null, "name": "Sulfur dioxide", "uuid": "78c3efe4-421c-4d30-82e4-b97ac5124993" }, "key": "emission:SO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "SO2 not absorbed in the caustic scrubber (0.1 %, ASSUMED, D-009), stream S43", "streams": [ "S43" ], "title": "SO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -12.1540508619, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 2.3062292343e-07, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of SOCL2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:SOCL2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "thionyl chloride slip of the scrubber (0.1 %, ASSUMED, D-009), stream S43; hydrolyses in moist air to SO2 and HCl (not modelled)", "streams": [ "S43" ], "title": "SOCL2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -15.2824818263, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 5, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "cpc": "34231", "isic": "2011" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2011" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic site integrated with a chlor-alkali plant, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 30000000.0, "source": "product:SOCL2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "Sulfur chlorinated to S2Cl2/SCl2 in the boundary; SCl2 + SO2 + Cl2 over activated carbon at 398-473 K; condensation, degassing and SO2/Cl2 recycle; distillation with sulfur; caustic purge scrubber; 3.75 t/h thionyl chloride", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h)", "preliminary": true, "process": "thionyl-chloride-1", "process_title": "Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:SOCL2", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Thionyl chloride to storage", "state": "liquid, 3 bar(a), 35 degC, 99.7082 % SOCL2 (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "study" }, "cas": "57-13-6", "chemical": "urea", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Prilled urea to storage, from Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) (dataset urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "balance": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "carbon": { "closed": true, "declared_outputs": { "fossil": 16644.351399043 }, "in": 16644.731052175, "inputs": { "atmospheric": 0.0, "biogenic": 0.0, "fossil": 16644.731052175 }, "mismatched": [], "out": 16644.351399043, "outputs": { "emissions": 5.934833984, "outputs": 0.00430376, "products": 16638.412261299 }, "problems": [], "relative": 2.3e-05, "residual": 0.379653132, "unit": "kg C" }, "cutoff": { "emission-excluded:fugitive-nh3": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:storage": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" }, "emission-excluded:wastewater": { "amount": null, "direction": "output", "unit": "kg" } }, "dataset": "urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d", "elements": { "C": { "closed": true, "in": 16644.731030076, "out": 16644.351373897, "relative": 2.3e-05, "residual": 0.379656179 }, "H": { "closed": true, "in": 9547.212920937, "out": 9547.184526447, "relative": 3e-06, "residual": 0.02839449 }, "N": { "closed": true, "in": 573987.612619857, "out": 573986.975416121, "relative": 1e-06, "residual": 0.637203736 }, "O": { "closed": true, "in": 216130.023490638, "out": 216129.558683536, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 0.464807103 } }, "energy": { "basis": "electricity, heat and steam as delivered, fuels at their lower heating value (carrier lhv), heat rejected (cold duties), energy exported and the products' energy content (properties.energy); the sensible and latent enthalpy of material streams is not counted", "closure": 0.0, "inputs": { "electricity": 8011.0, "heat rejected": 43694.0, "steam": 34000.0 }, "outputs": {}, "unclassified": [], "unit": "kWh" }, "excluded": { "feed:MPS": "energy: in the energy closure", "feed:POWER": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:CW": "energy: in the energy closure", "product:EXHAUST": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges", "product:VENT": "counted by its emission:* or resource:* exchanges" }, "mass": { "closed": true, "in": 816309.58, "out": 816308.07, "relative": 2e-06, "residual": 1.51, "unit": "kg" }, "mass_unassessable": null, "no_composition": {}, "problems": [], "status": { "lci-carbon-origin": "closed", "lci-element-balance": "closed", "lci-mass-balance": "closed" }, "tolerance": 0.05, "tolerance_basis": "design maturity concept (sourced screening)" }, "source": "lca/manifest.json balance", "status": "assessed" }, "code": "urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA", "dataset": { "id": "urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d", "path": "processes/urea-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "title": "Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d)", "uuid": "1d9eb18c-3fd5-5dda-9be0-9b2657deb887", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Unallocated foreground LCI of Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/1d9eb18c-3fd5-5dda-9be0-9b2657deb887.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "1d9eb18c-3fd5-5dda-9be0-9b2657deb887" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.565305826122, "direction": "input", "key": "feed:NH3", "link": { "database": null, "location": "RER", "location_rule": "fixed", "name": "market for ammonia, anhydrous, liquid", "reference_product": "ammonia, anhydrous, liquid" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S1, liquid ammonia from the ammonia plant (D-004)", "streams": [ "S1" ], "title": "Liquid ammonia from the ammonia plant", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.570388409106, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.738097495239, "direction": "input", "gap": "unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'carbon-dioxide'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "key": "feed:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "S3, CO2 feed gas (98.5 mol%) at 160 kPa(a) from the ammonia plant (D-004)", "streams": [ "S3" ], "title": "CO2 from the ammonia plant CO2 removal", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.303679355737, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.0961320384528, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q1-Q4: CO2 compressor, HP ammonia and carbamate pumps, prilling fan (D-010). KNOWN UNDERESTIMATE: 96 kWh/t against 110 kWh/t in BREF LVIC-AAF Table 8.6 (about 13 % low); vacuum, condensate, scrubber and cooling-water pumps are not estimated yet (O-4)", "streams": [ "Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4" ], "title": "Electric power", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.34203263196, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.4080001632, "atlas": { "code": "proxy:steam-heat-kwh", "location": "GLO", "name": "heat from steam, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy)", "reference_product": "heat from steam, by energy" }, "carrier": "steam, MP, 221.75 degC, 24 bar(a)", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:MPS", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q5-Q7: HP stripper, 2nd evaporator, hydrolyser; 0.8 t/t total from BREF LVIC-AAF Table 8.5 (D-010)", "streams": [ "Q5", "Q6", "Q7" ], "title": "MP steam 2400 kPa(a)", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.896487704578, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.524328209731, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "product:CW", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "Q11-Q13: K-101 intercoolers, LP carbamate condenser, evaporator condensers (D-010). KNOWN UNDERESTIMATE: 45 m3/t at 10 K against 60 m3/t in BREF LVIC-AAF Table 8.4 (about 25 % low); product cooling, HP scrubber tempered water, vacuum condensers and lube oil are not estimated yet. Not in any exchange either: the heat of R-101/E-102 beyond the 35.2 MW LP steam raised (about 10-24 MW, D-010) and the C-401 heating from C-402 (warnings boundary-utility-unassigned R101, C401); it may become an LP steam export or more cooling duty (O-4)", "streams": [ "Q11", "Q12", "Q13" ], "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -0.645637436291, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 9.0442933597e-05, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "CO2 of the LP vent: fossil process CO2 of the feed (D-009)", "streams": [ "S31", "S54" ], "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -9.31079147414, "scale": 0.367539930445 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000269447703106, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Ammonia", "uuid": "87883a4e-1e3e-4c9d-90c0-f1bea36f8014" }, "key": "emission:NH3", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "NH3 of the LP vent (70 g/t, BREF Table 8.10) and the prilling exhaust (30 mg/Nm3, D-009)", "streams": [ "S31", "S54" ], "title": "NH3 to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.219136238, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "amount": 0.000232674973545, "direction": "emission", "gap": "unlinked, no biosphere mapping: emission of UREA (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "key": "emission:UREA", "pedigree": { "rule": "cheme default pedigree v1 (assumed, design maturity concept)", "scores": [ 4, 4, 1, 3, 3 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "urea dust of the scrubbed prilling exhaust (35 mg/Nm3, D-009); reported as urea, not as PM2.5/PM10 (size split unknown)", "streams": [ "S31", "S54" ], "title": "UREA to the environment", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -8.36586804159, "scale": 0.419035760903 }, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "gaps": 2, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "2012" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "2012" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site or country chosen. Backgrounds of the site's country to be linked later" }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": { "amount": 666666400.0, "source": "product:UREA per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)", "technology": "CO2 stripping total-recycle urea synthesis (140 bar, N/C 2.8), LP recirculation, two-stage vacuum evaporation, forced-draft prilling with wet scrubbing, process condensate desorption/hydrolysis; electric CO2 compressor; 2000 t/d", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept)", "preliminary": true, "process": "urea-1", "process_title": "Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept)", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:UREA", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Prilled urea to storage", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 70 degC, 98.5392 % UREA (mole)", "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": null, "chemical": "chilled-water", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Cold, chilled water supplied at 6 degC, from Chilled water at 6 degC from an electric chiller (dataset chiller-chilled-water-6c 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity utility-chiller:chiller-chilled-water-6c:product:cold. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "utility-chiller:chiller-chilled-water-6c:product:cold", "dataset": { "id": "chiller-chilled-water-6c", "path": "processes/utility-chiller/lca/datasets/chiller-chilled-water-6c.yaml", "title": "Cold from an electric chiller, chilled water at 6 degC", "uuid": "e4c7c18b-1960-5523-b2f2-23b36098127b", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Per 1 MWh of cold delivered as chilled water at 6 degC by an electric vapour-compression chiller rejecting its heat to cooling water. The COP is a Carnot fraction between ASSUMED evaporating and condensing temperatures. 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Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "dataset": { "id": "cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35", "path": "processes/utility-cooling-tower/lca/datasets/cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35.yaml", "title": "Heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degC", "uuid": "307fe45e-d6c5-5d7c-9600-3b2de11edc11", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Per 1 MWh of heat rejected from cooling water supplied at 25 degC and returned at 35 degC, in a mechanical-draught wet cooling tower. 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fan: air volume x dp / eta", "title": "Circulating pumps and tower fans", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -4.33555652476, "scale": 0.458252464796 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1000 kWh of heat rejected from the circulating cooling water", "boundary": "gate-to-gate: cooling tower, basin, circulating pumps; make-up withdrawn from nature, blowdown to wastewater treatment", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "3600" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "3530", "3600" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic: one ASSUMED ambient state (20 degC, 60 % RH). 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"acetaldehyde-1:acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a:product:PROD", "acetic-acid-1:acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water:product:HAC", "acetic-anhydride-1:acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept:product:AC2O", "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:ACETONE", "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:PHENOL", "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE", "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS", "alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU", "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3", "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:STEAM", "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE", "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:MPSX", "bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2", "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2", "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:H2", "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "chloromethane-1:chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination:product:MECL", "dmf-1:n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a:product:DMFP", "ethanol-1:ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous:product:ETOH", 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"silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:MET", "silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:SIC", "soda-ash-1:soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash:product:SODA", "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN", "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2", "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO3", "sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4:product:ACID", "thf-1:tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation:product:THFP", "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2", "urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA", "utility-chiller:chiller-chilled-water-6c:product:cold", "utility-instrument-air:instrument-air-8bara-dried:product:instrument-air" ] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": null, "chemical": "flare-gas", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Waste gas to flare, Gas flared (as methane), 1 kg, from Flaring of methane-rich waste gas (dataset flare-methane-per-kg 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity utility-flare:flare-methane-per-kg:product:flare-gas. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "utility-flare:flare-methane-per-kg:product:flare-gas", "dataset": { "id": "flare-methane-per-kg", "path": "processes/utility-flare/lca/datasets/flare-methane-per-kg.yaml", "title": "Flaring of methane-rich waste gas, per kg", "uuid": "56272fbe-424b-57bc-89c0-3779b2e7e982", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Per 1 kg of waste gas (taken as methane) burnt in an elevated flare at an ASSUMED combustion efficiency: CO2 and water of the burnt fraction, the unburnt methane.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "utility-flare:flare-methane-per-kg:product:flare-gas" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/56272fbe-424b-57bc-89c0-3779b2e7e982.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "56272fbe-424b-57bc-89c0-3779b2e7e982" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "utility-flare:flare-methane-per-kg:product:flare-gas" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 2.68832637287, "direction": "emission", "flow": { "compartment": [ "air" ], "database": null, "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "uuid": "349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e" }, "key": "emission:CO2", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 3, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "burnt fraction, CH4 + 2 O2 -> CO2 + 2 H2O; 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biosphere3 UUID, name and categories from core's elementary-flow crosswalk (data/elementary-flows.yaml: ecoinvent elementary exchanges 3.9 via bw2io 0.9.17, BSD-3-Clause)", "title": "Water vapour from combustion", "type": "biosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -6.11887867891, "scale": 0.500500439495 }, "unit": "cubic meter" } ], "gaps": 0, "grade": null, "header": { "basis": "1 kg of gas flared", "boundary": "gate-to-gate: flare tip; pilot, purge and assist gas or steam are not counted", "classification": { "dataset": { "isic": "3821" }, "isic": { "codes": [ "3821", "3822" ], "source": "taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families" } }, "geography": { "background_site_default": "DE", "dataset": { "description": "Generic." }, "location": "GLO" }, "maturity": "concept", "production_volume": null, "rights": "CC-BY-4.0", "technology": "elevated flare", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "description": "Design parameters of 2026 (ASSUMED); physical properties do not age.", "start": 2026 }, "valid_until": 2031 }, "kind": "dataset", "location": "GLO", "name": "Flaring of methane-rich waste gas", "preliminary": false, "process": "utility-flare", "process_title": "Flaring of methane-rich waste gas", "publication": "public", "reference_exchange": { "amount": 1, "key": "product:flare-gas", "unit": "kilogram" }, "reference_product": "Waste gas to flare, Gas flared (as methane), 1 kg", "state": null, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": { "id": "cutoff", "label": "attributional, cut-off" }, "unit": "kilogram", "used_by": [] }, { "activity_uuid": null, "allocation": { "finding": null, "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "share": 1.0, "source": "default" }, "cas": null, "chemical": "instrument-air", "citation": { "authors": [], "doi": null, "text": "Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a), from Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a) (dataset instrument-air-8bara-dried 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity utility-instrument-air:instrument-air-8bara-dried:product:instrument-air. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "utility-instrument-air:instrument-air-8bara-dried:product:instrument-air", "dataset": { "id": "instrument-air-8bara-dried", "path": "processes/utility-instrument-air/lca/datasets/instrument-air-8bara-dried.yaml", "title": "Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a)", "uuid": "3be6516b-3389-5119-a874-25a57bf61cb9", "version": "0.1.0" }, "description": "Per 1 kg of dry instrument air at 8 bar(a) and a -40 degC pressure dew point: compressor electricity from the isothermal work and an ASSUMED efficiency, heatless dryer purge, heat to cooling water, condensate to wastewater treatment.", "downloads": [ { "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "format_version": "bw2io 0.9 Excel layout", "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", "select": "code", "value": "utility-instrument-air:instrument-air-8bara-dried:product:instrument-air" }, { "format": "openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema)", "format_version": "2", "mediatype": "application/zip", "member": "processes/3be6516b-3389-5119-a874-25a57bf61cb9.json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip", "select": "process", "value": "3be6516b-3389-5119-a874-25a57bf61cb9" }, { "format": "Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package)", "format_version": "cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1", "mediatype": "application/json", "path": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json", "select": "code", "value": "utility-instrument-air:instrument-air-8bara-dried:product:instrument-air" } ], "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.0960414769132, "carrier": "electricity", "direction": "input", "key": "feed:electricity", "link": { "database": null, "location": "DE", "location_rule": "site", "name": "market for electricity, medium voltage", "reference_product": "electricity, medium voltage" }, "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 3, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "isothermal work of the humid intake, n R T ln(p2/p1), over eta_iso (kmol x J/mol = kJ; / 3600 to kWh)", "title": "Compressor package", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.34297512964, "scale": 0.458252464796 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.0974758614249, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)", "code": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "location": "GLO", "name": "cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy)", "reference_product": "heat rejected to cooling water" }, "carrier": "cold, 25 degC", "direction": "input", "key": "output:heat-rejected", "pedigree": { "rule": "", "scores": [ 4, 4, 3, 4, 4 ] }, "provenance": "assumed", "source": "energy balance: shaft work plus the enthalpy of the intake minus that of the cooled saturated air and the condensate (water-cooled package, all losses to cooling water ASSUMED)", "title": "Intercooler and aftercooler heat to cooling water", "type": "technosphere", "uncertainty": { "distribution": "lognormal", "loc": -2.32815050676, "scale": 0.458252464796 }, "unit": "kilowatt hour" }, { "amount": 0.00632223529412, "atlas": { "check": "compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; 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Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "closure": { "reason": "a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance", "status": "not-assessed" }, "code": "utility-steam-ng-boiler:steam-mp-11bara-natural-gas-boiler:product:steam", "dataset": { "id": "steam-mp-11bara-natural-gas-boiler", "path": "processes/utility-steam-ng-boiler/lca/datasets/steam-mp-11bara-natural-gas-boiler.yaml", "title": "Steam, saturated, 11 bar(a), from a natural-gas boiler", "uuid": "32a4d48f-f0ee-5f32-890c-0046c2026a41", "version": "0.2.0" }, "description": "Per 1 t of saturated steam at 11 bar(a) from a natural-gas fired boiler, make-up water at 15 degC (no condensate return). Gate-to-gate: boiler, deaerator and feed pump. 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"cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilowatt hour" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO3", "key": "product:CW", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names ethylbenzene only; ethylbenzene (Ethylbenzene) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:styrene", "key": "feed:ethylbenzene", "kind": "pinned", "plant": null, "provider": "ethylbenzene-1:ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase:product:ethylbenzene" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:styrene", "key": "output:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names ethylbenzene only; ethylbenzene (Ethylbenzene) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:toluene", "key": "feed:ethylbenzene", "kind": "pinned", "plant": null, "provider": "ethylbenzene-1:ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase:product:ethylbenzene" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:toluene", "key": "output:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names ethylbenzene only; ethylbenzene (Ethylbenzene) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:benzene", "key": "feed:ethylbenzene", "kind": "pinned", "plant": null, "provider": "ethylbenzene-1:ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase:product:ethylbenzene" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:benzene", "key": "output:wastewater", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "carrier": { "status": "ok", "text": "cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilowatt hour" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4:product:ACID", "key": "product:CW", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "thf-1:tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation:product:THFP", "key": "product:WW", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "carrier": { "status": "ok", "text": "cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilowatt hour" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "thf-1:tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation:product:THFP", "key": "product:CW", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "shares (deviation)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names no chemical only; chlorine (Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2", "key": "feed:CL2", "kind": "pinned", "plant": null, "provider": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "shares (deviation)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names no chemical only; sodium-hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2", "key": "feed:NAOH", "kind": "pinned", "plant": null, "provider": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2", "key": "product:EFF", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "carrier": { "status": "ok", "text": "cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilowatt hour" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2", "key": "product:CW", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "carrier": { "status": "ok", "text": "cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilowatt hour" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA", "key": "product:CW", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "carrier": { "status": "ok", "text": "cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilowatt hour" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "utility-chiller:chiller-chilled-water-6c:product:cold", "key": "output:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected", "key": "output:blowdown", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "carrier": { "status": "ok", "text": "cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilowatt hour" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "utility-instrument-air:instrument-air-8bara-dried:product:instrument-air", "key": "output:heat-rejected", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "utility-instrument-air:instrument-air-8bara-dried:product:instrument-air", "key": "output:condensate", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater" }, { "checks": { "allocation": { "status": "ok", "text": "mass (single-output)" }, "boundary": { "status": "note", "text": "plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)" }, "grade": { "status": "note", "text": "the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken" }, "system_model": { "status": "ok", "text": "cutoff (one database)" }, "unit": { "status": "ok", "text": "kilogram" } }, "compatible": true, "consumer": "utility-steam-ng-boiler:steam-mp-11bara-natural-gas-boiler:product:steam", "key": "output:blowdown", "kind": "plant", "plant": null, "provider": "utility-wwtp:wwtp-activated-sludge-per-m3:product:wastewater" } ], "brightway": { "background_check": { "note": "not checked against a licensed background yet (scripts/check_mappings.py)", "status": "unchecked" }, "database": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348", "default_background": "ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff", "default_biosphere": "biosphere3", "default_site_location": "DE" }, "caveats": [ "No background data is included: link the database to the ecoinvent (or other) databases you are licensed for; background activities are referenced by name, reference product, unit and location only.", "The datasets are screening level (concept-stage flows and duties, about +/-30 %); check each process's maturity and review status before use.", "Screening proxies (code proxy:*) stand in where a dataset counts a flow in a unit the background has no activity for; their amounts are assumptions (see lci/mappings.yaml).", "Atmospheric pass-through emissions and the ambient air intake are not exported (curated decision in lci/mappings.yaml).", "Markets (code market:*) mix the Atlas's own producers of a product, not the region's actual production; most of their distances and losses are ASSUMED screening values (datapackage.json markets, docs/markets.md).", "PRELIMINARY: 159 exchange(s) of 39 process(es) are mapping gaps (lci/gaps.json): exported unlinked, without a background link (column atlas gap), so they count no burden and these processes' inventories are incomplete: acetaldehyde-1, acetic-acid-1, acetic-anhydride-1, acetone-1, acetylene-1, alumina-1, aniline-1, bromine-1, chloromethane-1, cumene-1, dmf-1, ethanol-1, ethylbenzene-1, ethylene-1, ethylene-glycol-1, formaldehyde-1, formic-acid-1, glycerol-1, hydrazine-1, hydrogen-bromide-1, hydrogen-peroxide-1, hydroxylamine-1, iodine-1, isobutene-1, kraft-pulp-1, methanol-1, methylamines-1, n-bromosuccinimide-1, natural-gas-processing-1, phosgene-1, phosphorus-oxychloride-1, potassium-permanganate-1, silicon-carbide-1, sodium-cyanide-1, sodium-nitrite-1, styrene-1, thf-1, thionyl-chloride-1, urea-1. An activity that links one of them inherits that. install() refuses the database until they are mapped." ], "citation": { "authors": [ "Artur M. Schweidtmann", "Jana M. Weber" ], "doi": null, "text": "Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348." }, "format": "bw2io ExcelImporter workbook", "governance": { "document": "docs/governance.md", "versioning": "semantic: database release and every dataset" }, "library": { "commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0", "dirty": false }, "markets": [ { "chemical": "argon", "code": "market:argon/lar:RER", "facts": [], "grade": "lar", "layer": "production-mix", "path": "markets/argon.yaml", "product": "argon/lar", "reason": "No Atlas process makes liquid argon: ASU-1 has no argon column, so its argon leaves with the waste nitrogen vent. Add the first argon-recovering air separation process as the supplier.", "region": "RER", "status": "planned", "technology": null }, { "chemical": "argon", "code": "market:argon/gar:RER", "facts": [], "grade": "gar", "layer": "production-mix", "path": "markets/argon.yaml", "product": "argon/gar", "reason": "No Atlas process makes gaseous argon (ASU-1 has no argon column). Gaseous argon is mostly vaporised liquid or cylinder gas: model it from the liquid market once that exists.", "region": "RER", "status": "planned", "technology": null }, { "chemical": "nitrogen", "code": "market:nitrogen/lin:RER", "consumption": { "equals_production": true, "reason": "No trade data is packaged (UN Comtrade and CEPII BACI report HS 2804.30 nitrogen without telling liquid from gas, and their terms are not yet checked for redistribution), so the consumption mix is taken equal to the production mix." }, "excluded": [ "The customer's storage tank, its boil-off and the vaporiser: the consumer's own system.", "The producer's liquid storage: ASU-1's LIN leaves the plant dataset at the tank (stream S11), whose boil-off is not counted." ], "facts": [ { "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset (processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml): product:LIN 470 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "status": "calculated", "unit": "t/a", "value": 3948, "what": "suppliers[0] asu-1 production_volume" }, { "source": "ASSUMED one-way distance from the air separation plant to the customer by cryogenic road tanker, a round screening placeholder: no open source with the delivery distance of merchant liquid oxygen or nitrogen in Europe was found. TODO: check whether the standard transport distances of ecoinvent v2 (Frischknecht et al. 2007, ecoinvent report No. 1) give 100 km by road for chemicals (unverified, not a citation), or replace the value with a cited distance.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "km", "value": 100, "what": "distribution cryogenic-trailer" }, { "source": "ASSUMED 0.5 % of the load lost as boil-off on the road and while the tanker waits: vacuum-insulated tankers vent the heat leak as vapour. No open source with a value per delivery was found.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0.005, "what": "loss boil-off" }, { "source": "ASSUMED 1 % of the load lost on transfer to the customer's tank (cool-down of the transfer hose and pump, flash on filling). No open source with a value was found.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0.01, "what": "loss transfer" } ], "grade": "lin", "gross": 1.01517689457, "layer": "production-mix", "location": "RER", "name": "market for nitrogen, liquid", "not_exported": [ "loss:boil-off 0.00507588 kilogram per kilogram released as N2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)", "loss:transfer 0.010101 kilogram per kilogram released as N2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)" ], "path": "markets/nitrogen.yaml", "product": "nitrogen/lin", "reference_product": "Nitrogen, liquid", "region": "RER", "status": "exported", "suppliers": [ { "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN", "share": 1.0 } ], "technology": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "nitrogen", "code": "market:nitrogen/gan-8barg-10ppm:RER", "consumption": { "equals_production": true, "reason": "Pipeline nitrogen is used next to the plant that makes it and is not traded across borders in the packaged data, so consumption equals production." }, "excluded": [ "Pipeline infrastructure (construction of the line): not counted, as no background activity for it is curated." ], "facts": [ { "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset: product:GANP 12510 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "status": "calculated", "unit": "t/a", "value": 105084, "what": "suppliers[0] asu-1 production_volume" }, { "source": "ASSUMED over-the-fence pipeline to a consumer on a neighbouring site, reached at the plant's delivery pressure (8 barg) without recompression; the compression is in the plant dataset (GAN compressor).", "status": "assumed", "unit": "km", "value": 5, "what": "distribution pipeline" }, { "source": "ASSUMED no leakage from a welded industrial-gas pipeline: no open source with a leakage rate was found, so none is counted until one is cited.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0, "what": "loss pipeline-leakage" } ], "grade": "gan-8barg-10ppm", "gross": 1.0, "layer": "production-mix", "location": "RER", "name": "market for nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg", "not_exported": [ "distribution:pipeline 5 km: no background activity (driven by the producer's delivery pressure; pipeline infrastructure outside the market)", "loss:pipeline-leakage 0 kilogram per kilogram released as N2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)" ], "path": "markets/nitrogen.yaml", "product": "nitrogen/gan-8barg-10ppm", "reference_product": "Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg", "region": "RER", "status": "exported", "suppliers": [ { "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "share": 1.0 } ], "technology": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "oxygen", "code": "market:oxygen/lox:RER", "consumption": { "equals_production": true, "reason": "No trade data is packaged (UN Comtrade and CEPII BACI report HS 2804.40 oxygen without telling liquid from gas, and their terms are not yet checked for redistribution), so the consumption mix is taken equal to the production mix." }, "excluded": [ "The customer's storage tank, its boil-off and the vaporiser: the consumer's own system.", "The producer's liquid storage: ASU-1's LOX leaves the plant dataset at the tank (stream S10), whose boil-off is not counted." ], "facts": [ { "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset (processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml): product:LOX 470 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "status": "calculated", "unit": "t/a", "value": 3948, "what": "suppliers[0] asu-1 production_volume" }, { "source": "ASSUMED one-way distance from the air separation plant to the customer by cryogenic road tanker, a round screening placeholder: no open source with the delivery distance of merchant liquid oxygen or nitrogen in Europe was found. TODO: check whether the standard transport distances of ecoinvent v2 (Frischknecht et al. 2007, ecoinvent report No. 1) give 100 km by road for chemicals (unverified, not a citation), or replace the value with a cited distance.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "km", "value": 100, "what": "distribution cryogenic-trailer" }, { "source": "ASSUMED 0.5 % of the load lost as boil-off on the road and while the tanker waits: vacuum-insulated tankers vent the heat leak as vapour. No open source with a value per delivery was found.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0.005, "what": "loss boil-off" }, { "source": "ASSUMED 1 % of the load lost on transfer to the customer's tank (cool-down of the transfer hose and pump, flash on filling). No open source with a value was found.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0.01, "what": "loss transfer" } ], "grade": "lox", "gross": 1.01517689457, "layer": "production-mix", "location": "RER", "name": "market for oxygen, liquid", "not_exported": [ "loss:boil-off 0.00507588 kilogram per kilogram released as O2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)", "loss:transfer 0.010101 kilogram per kilogram released as O2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)" ], "path": "markets/oxygen.yaml", "product": "oxygen/lox", "reference_product": "Oxygen, liquid", "region": "RER", "status": "exported", "suppliers": [ { "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LOX", "share": 1.0 } ], "technology": null, "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "oxygen", "code": "market:oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5:RER", "consumption": { "equals_production": true, "reason": "Pipeline oxygen is used next to the plant that makes it and is not traded across borders in the packaged data, so consumption equals production." }, "excluded": [ "Pipeline infrastructure (construction of the line): not counted, as no background activity for it is curated." ], "facts": [ { "source": "ASU-1 LCI dataset: product:GOXP 20860 kg per hour of operation, times 8400 h/a (process.yaml basis.operating_hours_per_year).", "status": "calculated", "unit": "t/a", "value": 175224, "what": "suppliers[0] asu-1 production_volume" }, { "source": "ASSUMED over-the-fence pipeline to a consumer on a neighbouring site, reached at the plant's delivery pressure (30 barg) without recompression; the compression is in the plant dataset (GOX compressor).", "status": "assumed", "unit": "km", "value": 5, "what": "distribution pipeline" }, { "source": "ASSUMED no leakage from a welded industrial-gas pipeline: no open source with a leakage rate was found, so none is counted until one is cited.", "status": "assumed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": 0, "what": "loss pipeline-leakage" } ], "grade": "gox-30barg-99.5", "gross": 1.0, "layer": "production-mix", "location": "RER", "name": "market for oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg", "not_exported": [ "distribution:pipeline 5 km: no background activity (driven by the producer's delivery pressure; pipeline infrastructure outside the market)", "loss:pipeline-leakage 0 kilogram per kilogram released as O2 (an atmospheric constituent, as lci/mappings.yaml pass_through: no burden, not exported)" ], "path": "markets/oxygen.yaml", "product": "oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg", "region": "RER", "status": "exported", "suppliers": [ { "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "share": 1.0 } ], "technology": null, "unit": "kilogram" } ], "name": "cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348", "pedigree_indicators": [ "reliability", "completeness", "temporal correlation", "geographical correlation", "further technological correlation" ], "processes": [ { "activities": [ { "chemical": "acetaldehyde", "code": "acetaldehyde-1:acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a:product:PROD", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a)", "reference_product": "Acetaldehyde 99.9 wt% to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 30 degC, 99.9 % ACH (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:PROD": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "44119256e07dec2c174bfb239c145d45cb6172c9c331fd26438c63ccbe4394cd", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:crude-tank-breathing", "emission-excluded:fugitive-losses" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.8462, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.7115, "exchanges": 13, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 11, "calculated": 3, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library (agent-drafted concept design, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "Generic concept design, site not chosen; consumptions checked against the 13 t/h comparative example of US 4,237,073 (Hoechst, 1980).", "site": "not chosen" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 100000000.0, "source": "product:PROD per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "one-stage Wacker (Hoechst-Wacker) process: ethylene and 99.5 % oxygen in aqueous PdCl2/CuCl2, boiling bubble-column reactor with cycle gas and purge, water scrubbing, extractive light-ends column and acetaldehyde column with live steam; 100 kt/a", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "9dd7c74d-6e11-5d05-b83c-86edda7bd79a" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/acetaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "PROD", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a", "key": "feed:OXY", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'oxygen'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a", "key": "product:PURGE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'carbon-dioxide'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a", "key": "product:LIGHTS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a", "key": "product:HEAVY", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "acetaldehyde-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "acetic-acid", "code": "acetic-acid-1:acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water:product:HAC", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept)", "reference_product": "Glacial acetic acid to storage", "state": "4 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7659 % CH3COOH (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "none", "rule": "single-output", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:HAC": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "3e273c74ec094e105bb7fdaeb25a3daea614719eb3e2eb4de3d5d37b3c0dd7c6", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:flare-combustion", "emission-excluded:fugitive", "emission-excluded:storage", "emission-excluded:wastewater" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 8, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 9, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, acetic-acid-1 concept design (agent-drafted, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site or country chosen. Backgrounds of the site's country to be linked later" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 504000000.0, "source": "product:HAC per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Low-water (6 wt%) Ir/Ru methanol carbonylation at 463 K and 2900 kPa(a), adiabatic flash, light-ends / drying / heavy-ends distillation, methanol vent scrubbing; 60 t/h glacial acetic acid", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "1a400de6-6558-5f68-9058-97616822c7d8" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/acetic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "HAC", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 5, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water", "key": "feed:MEOH", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water", "key": "feed:COGAS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water", "key": "feed:MEI", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water", "key": "product:OFFGAS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water", "key": "product:HEAVY", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "acetic-acid-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "acetic-anhydride", "code": "acetic-anhydride-1:acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept:product:AC2O", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept)", "reference_product": "Acetic anhydride 99.5 wt% to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.153 % AC2O (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:AC2O": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "51ddfe4d9a2225459b22a93fc76e0a411e1c8b9d809adfe6a709c452bc06225e", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:decoking", "cutoff:entrainer-makeup", "cutoff:small-pumps-power", "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:furnace-pollutants", "emission-excluded:no-other-effluent", "emission-excluded:storage-tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5, "exchanges": 16, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 13, "calculated": 9, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, acetic-anhydride-1 concept run (agent-generated, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 50000000.0, "source": "product:AC2O per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "acetic acid cracking to ketene at 700 C / 36 kPa(a) with triethyl phosphate, ammonia quench, condensation to -5 C, reactive absorption of ketene in acetic acid, two-column distillation, dilute acid recovery; furnace fired with natural gas and the vent gas; 50 kt/a, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "89a06626-c94a-560a-8599-58b3a206c3c7" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/acetic-anhydride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "AC2O", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept", "key": "feed:TEP", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-anhydride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-anhydride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept", "key": "product:BRINE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-anhydride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'chilled-water'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept", "key": "emission:KET", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/acetic-anhydride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of KET (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" } ], "id": "acetic-anhydride-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "acetone", "code": "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:ACETONE", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol)", "reference_product": "Acetone product", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7 % ACET (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "phenol", "code": "acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:PHENOL", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol)", "reference_product": "Phenol product", "state": "3 bar(a), 60 degC, 100 % PHEN (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "Economic allocation (common for this co-product pair) is not applied: no prices at the concept stage. System expansion is not applied: neither product is made by an alternative route at scale that could be credited without its own study (phenol without acetone has no commercial route in Europe, LVOC 8.2.1).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:ACETONE": 0.386013988075, "product:PHENOL": 0.613986011925 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "ca7f72a0c1e4a80a59d77924fc1e77afd6cdad4af5b7546ab936c5b4397e43d6", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:storage-tanks", "emission-excluded:tar-combustion", "emission-excluded:vacuum-vents" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 13, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 19, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, acetone-1 concept run (agent-generated, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 125740320.0, "source": "product:ACETONE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "cumene air oxidation (dry, 500 kPa(a)), vacuum CHP concentration to 80 wt%, sulfuric acid cleavage, caustic neutralisation, four-column fractionation, AMS hydrogenation to cumene; 200 kt/a phenol, 126 kt/a acetone, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "221769aa-2c36-516c-b750-55e928d8a00f" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/acetone-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "acetone", "grade": null, "key": "product:ACETONE", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 29010, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "phenol", "grade": null, "key": "product:PHENOL", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 31770, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "ACETONE", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 2, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route", "key": "feed:CUM", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetone-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route", "key": "product:TAR", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetone-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "acetone-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "acetylene", "code": "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)", "reference_product": "Acetylene to the consumers (1.2 bar(a))", "state": "gas, 1.2 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.5512 % C2H2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "synthesis-gas", "code": "acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)", "reference_product": "Synthesis gas (H2/CO) to the consumers", "state": "gas, 10.7 bar(a), 35 degC, 61.1353 % H2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "energy", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "energy", "reason": "Preliminary choice of the concept study (D-013): no prices of acetylene and synthesis gas are sourced yet, so the library's price-ratio step cannot be evaluated; energy (LHV) is used as the physical relationship of two fuel-grade gases. To be revisited with sourced prices or a substitution credit for the synthesis gas; dataset.yaml stays unallocated.", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:ACETYLENE": 0.27006755604, "product:SYNGAS": 0.72993244396 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "1caf44c850061cc35f0427b1cf9961790b160023c99cadc0e9ae44f020c6690b", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:fugitive-hydrocarbons", "emission-excluded:heater-nox", "emission-excluded:quench-water-open-surfaces" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5, "exchanges": 17, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 12, "calculated": 13, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code agent session (Claude Opus 5.5) for issue #184, unreviewed", "geography": { "description": "Generic site with natural gas, oxygen (air separation) and synthesis-gas users, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 50280672.0, "source": "product:ACETYLENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Partial oxidation of natural gas with 99.5 % oxygen in a BASF-type burner (600 C preheat, about 1700 C flame), water quench, cooling column, wet ESP, closed quench-water circuit with vacuum degassing, three-stage compression to 11 bar(a), NMP absorption and stripping; 6.25 t/h acetylene, synthesis gas co-product", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "64c5d91c-69bf-546d-8cdf-206f38196f30" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/acetylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "acetylene", "grade": null, "key": "product:ACETYLENE", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 47970, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "synthesis-gas", "grade": null, "key": "product:SYNGAS", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 22520, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "ACETYLENE", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "key": "feed:NMP", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "key": "product:SLUDGE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/acetylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product", "key": "emission:C4H2", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/acetylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of C4H2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" } ], "id": "acetylene-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "aluminium-oxide", "code": "alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept)", "reference_product": "Aluminium oxide, Smelter-grade alumina to storage", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 80 degC, 99 % Al2O3 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "none", "rule": "single-output", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:ALU": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "6e842dbcca95810526c1f3b3722f25945fa84765b01ad640ab00f6a262c7fceb", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:calciner-pollutants", "emission-excluded:liquor-tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 11, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 17, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2420" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, alumina-1 concept design (agent run 2026-10-28)", "geography": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); Guinean gibbsitic bauxite (D-003); no regional background linked" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 1050000000.0, "source": "product:ALU per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Bayer process, low-temperature digestion (418 K) of gibbsitic bauxite, pre-desilication, settler and 6-stage CCD washing, residue filter presses (dry stacking), seeded precipitation, multiple-effect evaporation, gas suspension calciner on natural gas; 3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "43e89365-e22b-5443-9aef-4b59904535d8" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/alumina-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "ALU", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 3, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina", "key": "feed:BX", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/alumina-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina", "key": "feed:LIME", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/alumina-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina", "key": "product:RES", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/alumina-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "alumina-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "ammonia", "code": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3", "grade": null, "location": "NL", "name": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "reference_product": "Liquid ammonia product (refrigerated, to the battery limit)", "state": "1.1 bar(a), -33 degC, 99.9812 % NH3 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "steam", "code": "ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:STEAM", "grade": null, "location": "NL", "name": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "reference_product": "MP steam export (4600 kPa(a), 673 K)", "state": "46 bar(a), 400 degC, 100 % H2O (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "exergy", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "D-021: no co-product price is recorded, so the WBCSD price ratio is unknown, and mass allocation would charge 0.88 kg of steam per kg NH3 with 47 % of the gas, feed and emissions of an ammonia plant. Exergy is the physical relationship between the products.", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:NH3": 0.940059562733, "product:STEAM": 0.0599404372667 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [ { "expression": "emission:CO2 / product:NH3", "family": "ammonia", "kpi": "direct-co2-total", "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "product": "anhydrous ammonia", "region": "global", "technology": "natural gas steam methane reforming, best available technology, without CCS", "year": 2021 }, "id": "iea-2021-smr-bat-direct-co2", "note": "A single value as a zero-width range. The same report's world average over all routes, about 2.4 t CO2/t (executive summary), includes coal-based production and does not apply.", "range": [ 1.8, 1.8 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-10-29", "citation": "IEA (2021) Ammonia Technology Roadmap: Towards more sustainable nitrogen fertiliser production. International Energy Agency, Paris", "kind": "iea", "locator": "Chapter 1, table \"Energy needs to produce one tonne of ammonia for each route using BAT\", row Natural gas SMR, column Direct CO2 intensity (PDF p. 35)", "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/ammonia-technology-roadmap" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Total direct CO2 emitted per t of ammonia (process plus combustion)", "unit": "t/t", "value": null }, { "expression": "product:CO2V * 0.978874105 / product:NH3", "family": "ammonia", "kpi": "process-co2", "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "product": "anhydrous ammonia", "region": "EU", "technology": "steam/air reforming of natural gas, depending on the degree of air reforming", "year": 2007 }, "id": "bref-lvic-aaf-process-co2", "range": [ 1.15, 1.4 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-10-29", "citation": "European Commission, JRC/EIPPCB (2007) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Manufacture of Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers (LVIC-AAF BREF), adopted August 2007; document BS/EIPPCB/LVIC-AAF_BREF_FINAL dated December 2006", "kind": "bref", "locator": "Chapter 2, Section 2.2.2.2 (Carbon dioxide), p. 38 (1.15-1.40 kg/kg NH3, combustion gases not included)", "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/large-volume-inorganic-chemicals-ammonia-acids-and-fertilisers" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Process CO2 generated per t of ammonia (excluding combustion flue gas)", "unit": "t/t", "value": null } ], "content_sha256": "55b51cdb45246adfe7e5b89c7fd3a0fafea2eab054c4a89069c7684aff5abb11", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:co2-vent-co-absorption", "emission-excluded:furnace-incomplete-combustion" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 1.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 1.6667, "dqr_pef": 2.25, "exchanges": 12, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 16, "calculated": 2, "given": 3 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2012" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library: agent-drafted concept design (issue #304), not reviewed", "geography": { "description": "Hypothetical Rotterdam-area site (issue #304); no site data are used, the location code only names where the background should later be taken from" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 499774400.0, "source": "product:NH3 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "steam methane reforming with air-blown secondary reformer, HT/LT shift, aMDEA CO2 removal (CO2 vented), methanation, 150 bar Haber-Bosch loop with purge recovery; electric drives, MP steam export", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "13401756-15c9-5082-831d-0551355dbc05" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/ammonia-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "ammonia", "grade": null, "key": "product:NH3", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 20190, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "steam", "grade": null, "key": "product:STEAM", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 1262, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "NH3", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 0, "gaps": [], "id": "ammonia-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": false, "title": "Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "aniline", "code": "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "reference_product": "Aniline to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7421 % ANL (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "carrier": { "kind": "steam", "level": "MP", "pressure": 15.0, "source": "utility of MPSX in process/flowsheet.yaml", "temperature": 198.25 }, "chemical": null, "code": "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:MPSX", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "reference_product": "MP steam export (1500 kPa(a)), net of the reboilers", "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "allocation": { "method": "exergy", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Aniline and the steam are not products of one separation, so neither curated physical rule of the hierarchy fits exactly, and the WBCSD price ratio does not apply (the steam is counted in kWh, and no sourced prices exist at concept). Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam by energy or exergy; energy (LHV) would charge the steam's enthalpy at the value of fuel, exergy charges its work potential (DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:ANILINE": 0.981914014636, "product:MPSX": 0.0180859853637 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "a56c0cc64b40b236a643555c4a083b303efa41147c4af7545ad2ba022515d211", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:catalyst-regeneration", "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:start-up-and-flaring" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.875, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.7188, "exchanges": 8, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 10, "calculated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, aniline-1 concept design (agent-drafted, not reviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 210000000.0, "source": "product:ANILINE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene on Pd-V-Pb/alpha-alumina, H2/NB 60, steam raising, decanting, dehydration and vacuum distillation, process water stripping; 25 t/h aniline", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "25406655-c160-5d60-ae6c-617e72b4865f" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/aniline-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "aniline", "grade": null, "key": "product:ANILINE", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 36931.3, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "ANILINE", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "key": "feed:NBF", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/aniline-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "key": "product:FUELGAS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/aniline-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/aniline-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h", "key": "consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/aniline-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "aniline-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "oxygen", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GOXP", "grade": "gox-30barg-99.5", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg", "state": "gas, 31 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7115 % O2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "nitrogen", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:GANP", "grade": "gan-8barg-10ppm", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Nitrogen, gaseous, <= 10 ppm O2, 8 barg", "state": "gas, 9 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.9771 % N2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "oxygen", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LOX", "grade": "lox", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Oxygen, liquid", "state": "liquid, 1.3 bar(a), -183 degC, 99.8093 % O2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "nitrogen", "code": "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN", "grade": "lin", "location": "GLO", "name": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "reference_product": "Nitrogen, liquid", "state": "liquid, 5.2 bar(a), -181 degC, 99.9202 % N2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "exergy", "rule": "physical-exergy", "source": "mappings" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "One cryogenic separation of air; GOX, GAN, LOX and LIN leave it in different thermodynamic states (compressed gas, gas at 9 bara, cold liquids), so exergy is the underlying physical relationship (hierarchy step 2a). Same method as the study (asu-1 DESIGN.md D-056), so the database and the study agree. Economic allocation would need prices (#46).", "rule": "physical-exergy", "shares": { "product:GANP": 0.238553667684, "product:GOXP": 0.701833337753, "product:LIN": 0.0289435785641, "product:LOX": 0.030669415999 }, "source": "mappings" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [ { "expression": "product:CW / product:GOXP", "family": "air-separation", "kpi": "cooling-duty-gox", "no_open_reference": "No open source found that states the cooling-water duty of a cryogenic air separation unit per t of oxygen product with its conditions: a web search of EU BREFs, IEA reports, open-access peer-reviewed papers and manufacturer literature on 2026-10-25 found compressor powers but no heat-rejection range. Most of the heat rejected is the compressors' shaft work (an energy balance, not a benchmark), so the KPI is reported without a range until a source is found. A second web search on 2026-10-30 (cooling-water consumption or heat rejection per t O2 of cryogenic ASUs) found none either.", "problem": "kWh/kg to GJ/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": null, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Cooling-water duty (heat rejected) per t of gaseous oxygen product", "unit": "GJ/t", "value": null }, { "expression": "1 - emission:O2 / ((feed:AIR - emission:H2O) * 0.2314)", "family": "air-separation", "kpi": "o2-recovery", "problem": "1 to % needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "pressure": "approximately atmospheric", "product": "gaseous oxygen", "purity": "99.5 vol% O2", "technology": "cryogenic double column, typical state of the art", "year": 2009 }, "id": "pfaff-kather-2009", "note": "A single typical value (the paper cites it from its reference 6), recorded as a zero-width range: no open source found states a range, so every value differs from it and needs an out_of_range_reason. The paper defines recovery as the molar flow of O2 in the oxygen product per O2 entering with the air. The paper's conditions (near-atmospheric delivery; whether an argon column is present is not recorded here) differ from ASU-1's (30 barg GOX, no argon column). A second search on 2026-10-30 for an open source that states a recovery range (web search of open-access journals, OSTI and NETL reports, the Smith and Klosek 2001 review as hosted by NETL, which gives no number, and EIGA and manufacturer literature) found none whose text could be read and checked. Two leads, not adopted because the stated range was seen only in search-engine summaries, not in the text: Luberti, Capocelli and Santori (2026) On the energetics of oxygen separation from air, Chem. Eng. Sci. 320, 122660, doi:10.1016/j.ces.2025.122660 (open access, CC BY; the summary gives 83 to 99 % recovery at 95 to 99.6 % purity for cryogenic distillation; the full text could not be retrieved here), and Singla and Chowdhury (2021) Chem. Eng. Process. 162, 108354, doi:10.1016/j.cep.2021.108354 (not open access; the summary gives 90 to 95 % at above 99.5 % O2 without argon extraction, citing an earlier source). Check the Luberti et al. text and add it as a reference with its locator if it states the range (docs/benchmarks.md, ASU-1).", "range": [ 97.85, 97.85 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-10-25", "citation": "Pfaff, I., Kather, A. (2009) Comparative thermodynamic analysis and integration issues of CCS steam power plants based on oxy-combustion with cryogenic or membrane based air separation. Energy Procedia 1:495-502, doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.066", "kind": "peer-reviewed", "locator": "p. 496, section 2.1", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.066" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Oxygen recovery (O2 in the products per O2 in the air feed)", "unit": "%", "value": null }, { "expression": "feed:POWER / product:GOXP", "family": "air-separation", "kpi": "specific-power-gox", "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "capacity": "330 to 770 t/d oxygen", "pressure": "up to 42 barg", "product": "gaseous oxygen, with GAN, LOX, LIN and argon as optional co-products", "purity": "99.5 to 99.8 % O2", "technology": "cryogenic, packaged standard ASU, internal compression of the products", "year": 2017 }, "id": "air-liquide-yango-2017", "note": "A manufacturer's published specification, not peer reviewed; it is independent of this library's datasets and the only open source found that states a range for high-purity oxygen at pipeline pressure. Per t of oxygen as the brochure states it (\"Specific energy: 400 to 600 kWh/t\"). The brochure does not say whether this is the whole plant's power or how co-product liquids and nitrogen compression count: basis unallocated is our interpretation, not a statement of the source. Replace or add a BREF, IEA or peer-reviewed range for these conditions when one is found. Rechecked 2026-10-30: the URL serves the brochure, and PDF page 8 states the range, purity, pressure and capacity recorded here. Open peer-reviewed figures for near-atmospheric delivery (e.g. about 0.25 kWh per kg O2 at 99.5 % in Pfaff and Kather 2009, Energy Procedia 1:495-502) do not apply to 30 barg and are single values, not ranges.", "range": [ 400, 600 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-10-25", "citation": "Air Liquide Engineering & Construction (2017) Standard Plants: fully-packaged modular solutions, brochure, September 2017 (Yango standard air separation unit, specifications)", "kind": "manufacturer", "locator": "p. 8, Yango specifications (specific energy)", "url": "https://engineering-technologies.airliquide.com/sites/engineering/files/2022-09/air-liquide-e-c-standard-plants-september-2017.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Specific electric power per t of gaseous oxygen product", "unit": "kWh/t", "value": null } ], "content_sha256": "bf0f1c37b054e9a6e2138fc39057f036b675a34a7f422e19ea8735b598fc00a0", "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 5.0, "P": 3.983, "TeR": 2.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.6667, "dqr_pef": 2.9957, "exchanges": 30, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "GeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 23, "calculated": 18, "given": 1 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "production_volume": { "amount": 175224000.0, "source": "product:GOXP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "cryogenic double-column air separation, 500 t/d GOX, pumped liquid products, TSA front end", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "62b30292-ab30-52de-8732-1ab497ca8477" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "asu-1-500-t-d-gox", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "oxygen", "grade": "gox-30barg-99.5", "key": "product:GOXP", "property": "exergy", "registry": 387.7, "status": "match", "study": 386.272434006, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "nitrogen", "grade": "gan-8barg-10ppm", "key": "product:GANP", "property": "exergy", "registry": 219.0, "status": "match", "study": 218.928758821, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "oxygen", "grade": "lox", "key": "product:LOX", "property": "exergy", "registry": 752.9, "status": "match", "study": 749.172237146, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "nitrogen", "grade": "lin", "key": "product:LIN", "property": "exergy", "reason": "The study's LIN is stream S11 to storage, subcooled at 5.2 bar and -181 C, not the grade's reference state (saturated at 1.01325 bar). At the stream's state, NIST SRD 69 h and s with Szargut's chemical exergy give about 710 kJ/kg, within 1 % of the study's 707 kJ/kg; the grade's 787 kJ/kg is for the saturated liquid.", "registry": 787.4, "status": "overridden", "study": 707.014620186, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": null, "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "initial" } ], "factors_status": "mixed", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "GOXP", "unit": "t" }, "gap_count": 0, "gaps": [], "id": "asu-1", "maturity": "screening", "preliminary": false, "title": "Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "bromine", "code": "bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine)", "reference_product": "Bromine, dry (99.96 wt-% Br2) to storage", "state": "2 bar(a), 30 degC, 99.957 % Br2 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:BR2": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "191ed7b15fc63290db1af3d6ac32ecba7792e109efd340fa2ae80fed16a2e15a", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:effluent", "emission-excluded:h2s-ammonia", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:non-routine", "emission-excluded:tanks", "emission-excluded:vent" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 10, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 11, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "cpc": "34210", "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, bromine-1 concept design (agent run, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design on a Smackover-type brine field (southern Arkansas brine basis); site not chosen", "site": "generic brine-field site" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 30000000.0, "source": "product:BR2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Hot-brine steaming-out tower (chlorine oxidation of bromide, live LP steam), bromine condenser and gravity separator, chlorine stripping column, sulfuric acid drying, lime neutralisation of the tail brine; 30 kt/a Br2 from 913 t/h brine at 4 300 mg/kg bromide; chlorine from a chlor-alkali plant", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "a0a112d1-e80b-58fb-a5cb-d97f45682dfc" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/bromine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "BR2", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 3, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2", "key": "feed:BRINE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/bromine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2", "key": "feed:LIME", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/bromine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2", "key": "product:SPACID", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/bromine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "bromine-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "chlorine", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))", "state": "4 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.1881 % Cl2 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "sodium-hydroxide", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage", "state": "2.5 bar(a), 50 degC, 50 % NaOH (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "hydrogen", "code": "chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:H2", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "reference_product": "Hydrogen to the consumer or fuel (140 kPa(a))", "state": "1.4 bar(a), 64.04 degC, 67.8941 % H2 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Hierarchy step 3 (WBCSD price ratio) cannot be applied: no sourced prices of Cl2, NaOH and H2 are recorded for this concept design. Mass of the contained products is used instead, as shares, because core's mass method weighs the product streams including the water of the 50 wt-% caustic and of the wet hydrogen. To be revisited when prices are sourced (D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:CL2": 0.4653, "product:H2": 0.0137, "product:NAOH": 0.521 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "ba511dfbe1f24670f4ce50a4b13364e6c193db5ece82bc6278d028bf11a5aaaf", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:cl2-vents", "emission-excluded:effluent-traces", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 15, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 34, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, chlor-alkali-1 concept design (agent run, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for an undecided site; technology data from EU plants (BREF 2014); no site-specific supply", "site": "generic industrial site with salt by rail or ship" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 100818480.0, "source": "product:CL2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "bipolar membrane-cell NaCl electrolysis, 100 kt/a Cl2, rock salt with brine recirculation, 3.0 V at 6.0 kA/m2, double-effect caustic evaporation to 50 wt-%", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "1de76be9-296d-5436-972d-1173af6562c0" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/chlor-alkali-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "CL2", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 0, "gaps": [], "id": "chlor-alkali-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": false, "title": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "chloromethane", "code": "chloromethane-1:chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination:product:MECL", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a)", "reference_product": "Chloromethane (methyl chloride), Methyl chloride product (liquid, to storage)", "state": "10.2 bar(a), 45 degC, 99.9944 % MECL (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:MECL": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "0b2f1380f518600e68aea045ec2c63e48429e73224ac2d312f11519180aecea7", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:non-routine", "emission-excluded:purge-combustion", "emission-excluded:storage-tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.8889, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.7222, "exchanges": 9, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 9, "calculated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "cpc": "34139", "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, chloromethane-1 concept run (agent-generated, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 100000000.0, "source": "product:MECL per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "gas-phase hydrochlorination of methanol over gamma-alumina (multitubular, 523-613 K, 300-350 kPa(a)), hydrochloric acid quench with methanol stripping, 96 wt% sulfuric acid drying, two-stage compression and an HCl light-ends column with recycle and purge; 100 kt/a methyl chloride, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "355010c3-bf94-5b3b-ad34-794132b5d2b4" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/chloromethane-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "MECL", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 5, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination", "key": "feed:MEOH", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/chloromethane-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination", "key": "feed:HCLG", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/chloromethane-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination", "key": "product:DHCL", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/chloromethane-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination", "key": "product:SPENT", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/chloromethane-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination", "key": "product:PURGE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/chloromethane-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "chloromethane-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "cumene", "code": "cumene-1:cumene-zeolite-alkylation:product:cumene", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene", "reference_product": "Cumene, 99.95 wt%", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:cumene": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1000 kg of cumene", "benchmarks": [ { "expression": "product:cumene / (feed:benzene + feed:propylene)", "family": "aromatics", "kpi": "cumene-overall-yield", "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU", "technology": "zeolite, with transalkylation of di-isopropylbenzene" }, "id": "bref-lvoc-cumene-zeolite-yield", "note": "The LVOC BREF gives one value for zeolites, recorded as a zero-width range and not widened. It does not say on which basis the yield is stated; the mass basis is our reading.", "range": [ 0.99, 0.99 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-01", "citation": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304", "kind": "bref", "locator": "Section 2.1.1.5, p. 10", "url": "https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/JRC109279_LVOC_Bref.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Cumene per mass of benzene and propylene fed", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": null }, { "expression": "feed:electricity / product:cumene", "family": "aromatics", "kpi": "cumene-specific-electricity", "no_open_reference": "No open source with a cumene electricity figure found (2026-11-01). Read: LVOC BREF section 2.1.1.5 (no utility data), the Versalis brochure (net steam only), the US EPA dataset doi:10.23719/1503030 (fuel, no electricity). Not readable: Luyben 2010, doi:10.1021/ie9011535 (HTTP 403). The dataset's value is core's Tier 0 default, ASSUMED.", "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": null, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Electricity per t of cumene", "unit": "kWh/t", "value": null } ], "content_sha256": "0b65aea402398bd198fe646042c68c08c727749d8b7d2155329123f7acd22857", "data_quality": null, "data_status": { "assumed": 1, "calculated": 2, "given": 6 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library", "geography": { "description": "Mixed: a licensor's design figures and US facility emissions (2011); no single site." }, "technology": "zeolite-catalysed alkylation and transalkylation with distillation; SPA and AlCl3 routes are not modelled", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "description": "US emissions of 2011; licensor's figures of a brochure dated 11-2018. valid_until is the reference year + 5 (system-model section 6), so it has already lapsed.", "start": 2011 }, "uuid": "68e26c10-57f7-5500-b106-93861112fbc1" }, "generator": "hand-written model; amounts are the formulas of the parameters", "id": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation", "methodology_version": "1.0.0", "methodology_version_source": "dataset", "path": "processes/cumene-1/lca/datasets/cumene-zeolite-alkylation.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2023, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "none", "functional_unit": null, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation", "key": "feed:benzene", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/cumene-1/lca/datasets/cumene-zeolite-alkylation.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'benzene'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation", "key": "feed:propylene", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/cumene-1/lca/datasets/cumene-zeolite-alkylation.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'propylene'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation", "key": "output:heavy-ends", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/cumene-1/lca/datasets/cumene-zeolite-alkylation.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation", "key": "emission:C3H6", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/cumene-1/lca/datasets/cumene-zeolite-alkylation.yaml", "reason": "emission of C3H6 (literature) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" } ], "id": "cumene-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "dimethylformamide", "code": "dmf-1:n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a:product:DMFP", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol)", "reference_product": "N,N-Dimethylformamide, DMF product to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.997 % DMF (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:DMFP": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "11f770fe8104b653cd001bfb4ad7a94487e69656107b4b47040a9ea9c678d7ba", "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.8182, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.7045, "exchanges": 11, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 10, "calculated": 2, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, concept design dmf-1 (agent session, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "generic site, country not chosen (design basis, D-002); GLO stands for 'not located', not for a global average" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 50000000.0, "source": "product:DMFP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "one-step carbonylation of dimethylamine with CO, sodium methoxide in methanol, 363 K and 2.2 MPa, in-situ catalyst deactivation, salt filtration, two-column distillation; 50 kt/a concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "804fb251-d98b-589b-bd26-6064c480e92c" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/dmf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "DMFP", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 6, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a", "key": "feed:CO", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/dmf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a", "key": "feed:CAT", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/dmf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a", "key": "product:VENT", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/dmf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a", "key": "product:CAKE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/dmf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a", "key": "product:PURGE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/dmf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a", "key": "product:RESID", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/dmf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "dmf-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "ethanol", "code": "ethanol-1:ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous:product:ETOH", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst)", "reference_product": "Anhydrous ethanol to storage", "state": "1.5 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.4798 % ETOH (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "none", "rule": "single-output", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:ETOH": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "52a3b554d8c224063674f39506a928082f4b1448910fcd5a717386c13fbad138", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:construction", "cutoff:lube-oil", "emission-excluded:combustion", "emission-excluded:effluent", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.9375, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.7344, "exchanges": 16, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 16, "calculated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "cpc": "34131", "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, ethanol-1 concept run (agent-generated, not reviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, undecided site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 100016720.0, "source": "product:ETOH per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "vapour-phase direct hydration of ethylene over H3PO4 on silica (513-541 K, 7 MPa, 5 % conversion per pass), gas recycle with water scrubbing, light-ends and concentrating distillation, 3A molecular-sieve dehydration; 100 000 t/a", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "86e53708-4d8c-57c1-9bb9-36be2ecff9ac" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/ethanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "ETOH", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 6, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous", "key": "product:FUELGAS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'flare-gas'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous", "key": "consumable:phosphoric-acid", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous", "key": "disposal:consumable.phosphoric-acid", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous", "key": "consumable:caustic-soda", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous", "key": "disposal:consumable.caustic-soda", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous", "key": "consumable:hydration-catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "ethanol-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "ethylbenzene", "code": "ethylbenzene-1:ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase:product:ethylbenzene", "grade": null, "location": "RER", "name": "Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene", "reference_product": "Ethylbenzene", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:ethylbenzene": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1000 kg of ethylbenzene", "benchmarks": [ { "expression": "feed:benzene / product:ethylbenzene", "family": "styrenics", "kpi": "eb-specific-benzene", "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU", "technology": "benzene alkylation with ethylene; source plants of Table 5.9: 2007-2011 averages, 2011, 2012", "year": 2012 }, "id": "bref-lvoc-eb-benzene", "range": [ 0.735, 0.746 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-01", "citation": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304", "kind": "bref", "locator": "Section 5.3.4.1, p. 280", "url": "https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/JRC109279_LVOC_Bref.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Benzene consumption per t of ethylbenzene", "unit": "t/t", "value": null }, { "expression": "feed:ethylene / product:ethylbenzene", "family": "styrenics", "kpi": "eb-specific-ethylene", "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU", "technology": "benzene alkylation with ethylene; source plants of Table 5.9: 2007-2011 averages, 2011, 2012", "year": 2012 }, "id": "bref-lvoc-eb-ethylene", "range": [ 0.254, 0.265 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-01", "citation": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304", "kind": "bref", "locator": "Section 5.3.4.1, p. 280", "url": "https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/JRC109279_LVOC_Bref.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Ethylene consumption per t of ethylbenzene", "unit": "t/t", "value": null }, { "expression": "(feed:electricity + feed:steam) / product:ethylbenzene", "family": "styrenics", "kpi": "eb-total-energy", "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU", "technology": "benzene alkylation with ethylene" }, "id": "bref-lvoc-eb-total-energy", "note": "The source's total. It does not state exactly how it nets recovery; low-pressure steam production is not in its recovery figure. Not independent of the dataset, whose electricity and steam come from the same list.", "range": [ 760, 2600 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-01", "citation": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304", "kind": "bref", "locator": "Section 5.3.5, p. 282", "url": "https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/JRC109279_LVOC_Bref.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Electricity and steam per t of ethylbenzene", "unit": "kWh/t", "value": null } ], "content_sha256": "d3fc0482b1ee059b9a1f3fbe163d942de95bfed941ea73ef8fcd93bc23c18977", "data_quality": null, "data_status": { "assumed": 2, "calculated": 2, "given": 9 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library", "geography": { "description": "EU plants of the BREF data collection; no single site." }, "technology": "liquid-phase alkylation and transalkylation on fixed-bed zeolite, with distillation; the AlCl3 route is not modelled", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "description": "BREF data collection: Table 5.9 gives 2007-2011 averages, 2011 and 2012 for the EB plants. valid_until is the reference year + 5 (system-model section 6), so it has already lapsed.", "start": 2007 }, "uuid": "0b04067f-2d7e-5418-a945-9b665d6e8ee0" }, "generator": "hand-written model; amounts are the formulas of the parameters", "id": "ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase", "methodology_version": "1.0.0", "methodology_version_source": "dataset", "path": "processes/ethylbenzene-1/lca/datasets/ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2017, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "none", "functional_unit": null, "gap_count": 6, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase", "key": "feed:benzene", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylbenzene-1/lca/datasets/ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'benzene'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase", "key": "feed:ethylene", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylbenzene-1/lca/datasets/ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'ethylene'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase", "key": "input:catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylbenzene-1/lca/datasets/ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase", "key": "output:spent-catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylbenzene-1/lca/datasets/ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase", "key": "output:tar", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylbenzene-1/lca/datasets/ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase", "key": "output:offgas", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylbenzene-1/lca/datasets/ethylbenzene-zeolite-liquid-phase.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "ethylbenzene-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "ethylene", "code": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:ETHYLENE", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "reference_product": "Polymer-grade ethylene", "state": "19 bar(a), -30 degC, 99.95 % C2H4 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "propylene", "code": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PROPYLENE", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "reference_product": "Polymer-grade propylene", "state": "16 bar(a), 45 degC, 99.5 % C3H6 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "crude-c4", "code": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:CRUDEC4", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "reference_product": "Crude C4 cut", "state": "5 bar(a), 45 degC, 80.8513 % C4H6 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "pyrolysis-gasoline", "code": "ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PYGAS", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "reference_product": "Pyrolysis gasoline (C5/C6 cut)", "state": "5.5 bar(a), 110 degC, 100 % C6H6 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "D-016: the WBCSD price-ratio test cannot be applied at concept stage because no co-product prices are set; mass allocation is kept as the physical relationship among co-products that are all hydrocarbon feedstocks, to be re-tested once prices exist.", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:CRUDEC4": 0.0318375418872, "product:ETHYLENE": 0.915566460969, "product:PROPYLENE": 0.0239424291809, "product:PYGAS": 0.0286535679625 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "f89574487beb16753562a50e5da1161dd92a6694f0bf45b0a15aa24a9c29fd40", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:blowdown-effluent", "emission-excluded:decoking", "emission-excluded:flare", "emission-excluded:fugitives", "emission-excluded:sox", "emission-excluded:spent-caustic-effluent" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0042, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3347, "dqr_pef": 2.5011, "exchanges": 19, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 16, "calculated": 8, "estimated": 5, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "cpc": "34110", "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, agent-drafted concept design (unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen; no regional background applied" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 1000000000.0, "source": "product:ETHYLENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "ethane steam cracking, 1000 kt/a ethylene, front-end demethaniser, tail-end acetylene hydrogenation", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "f8abf375-d19c-5a5c-aec5-3ff84e9bed26" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/ethylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "ETHYLENE", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "key": "feed:ETHANE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'ethane'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "key": "feed:CAUSTIC", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "key": "product:SPENTCAUSTIC", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene", "key": "emission:PM", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/ethylene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of PM (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" } ], "id": "ethylene-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "ethylene-glycol", "code": "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:MEG", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)", "reference_product": "Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol), Monoethylene glycol to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.9 % MEG (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "diethylene-glycol", "code": "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:DEG", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)", "reference_product": "Diethylene glycol to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.5907 % DEG (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "triethylene-glycol", "code": "ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:TEG", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)", "reference_product": "Triethylene glycol to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 98.3352 % TEG (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "Physical (mass) allocation in place of the price ratio of the hierarchy: no open price of MEG, DEG and TEG is recorded yet (registry has no glycol entries); DEG is 7.7 % of the product mass, TEG 0.3 %. To revisit with open prices (D-010).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:DEG": 0.0766916546143, "product:MEG": 0.920027527224, "product:TEG": 0.00328081816208 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "6239308faa40dde7811d8e1509adec89af7627bffacd334ffb4f4b6392a420fd", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:k2co3-makeup", "cutoff:moderator", "emission-excluded:eo-vents", "emission-excluded:fugitives", "emission-excluded:trace-byproducts" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 14, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 20, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, ethylene-glycol-1 concept design (agent run 2026-10-28)", "geography": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 400000000.0, "source": "product:MEG per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "EO/EG glycols-only plant: O2-based EO reactor (silver catalyst, methane ballast), water absorption of EO, hot potassium carbonate CO2 removal, thermal hydration (water:EO 20 mol/mol), 4-effect evaporation, vacuum MEG/DEG/TEG columns; 50 t/h MEG", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "a894f803-0935-5bfb-9310-41cdf6beff87" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/ethylene-glycol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "MEG", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg", "key": "feed:MET", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylene-glycol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'methane'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg", "key": "product:HVY", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylene-glycol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg", "key": "product:PURGE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylene-glycol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg", "key": "consumable:eo-catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/ethylene-glycol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "ethylene-glycol-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "formaldehyde", "code": "formaldehyde-1:formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt:product:FORMALIN", "grade": null, "location": "RER", "name": "Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%)", "reference_product": "Formaldehyde, Formalin 50 wt% to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 60 degC, 62.245 % H2O (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:FORMALIN": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "d864681c6c42fe31a470f6f0482076cd553cbe125f0b8718abf0c859e9f36ab3", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:paraform-waste", "emission-excluded:fugitives", "emission-excluded:storage", "emission-excluded:wastewater" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5, "exchanges": 15, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 13, "calculated": 10, "estimated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, concept design formaldehyde-1 (agent-drafted, issue #169)", "geography": { "description": "generic European site (not chosen); process data ranges from the EU BREF LVOC 2017" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 160000000.0, "source": "product:FORMALIN per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "metal oxide (iron molybdate) methanol oxidation, off-gas recycle, absorption to 50 wt% formalin, catalytic oxidiser with steam recovery; 20 t/h formalin", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "d9a15571-2c4f-51af-a665-57f263ef08f7" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/formaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "FORMALIN", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 5, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt", "key": "feed:MEOH", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt", "key": "consumable:femo-catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt", "key": "consumable:ecs-catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt", "key": "consumable:oil-filters", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt", "key": "disposal:consumable.oil-filters", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formaldehyde-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "formaldehyde-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "formic-acid", "code": "formic-acid-1:formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a:product:FA", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a)", "reference_product": "Formic acid 85 wt% to storage", "state": "liquid, 0.12 bar(a), 44.85 degC, 68.9251 % FA (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:FA": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "5e884cddf5b8f5226e0b83171ce5c58422ff0a0b0c5ea688d66e8fe598d19b48", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:column-vents", "emission-excluded:decomposition-co", "emission-excluded:fugitive-organics", "emission-excluded:oxidiser-nox" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5, "exchanges": 12, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 9, "calculated": 10, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code agent session (Claude Opus 5.5) for issue #185, unreviewed", "geography": { "description": "Generic site with a CO supply (syngas cold box) and methanol from methanol-1, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 50000000.0, "source": "product:FA per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Methanol carbonylation over sodium methoxide (353 K, 4.5 MPa), methyl formate hydrolysis autocatalysed by formic acid (393 K), methyl formate and methanol recycle, pressure-swing distillation (203 / 12 kPa(a)) to 85 wt%; CO-rich vent burnt; 6.25 t/h", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "8f7fd603-106e-54ec-976e-b882a7cd9cc3" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/formic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "FA", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a", "key": "feed:CO", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a", "key": "feed:MEOH", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a", "key": "feed:CAT", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a", "key": "product:PURGE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/formic-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "formic-acid-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": null, "code": "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:GLYC", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept)", "reference_product": "Refined glycerol USP 99.7 wt% to storage", "state": "2.5 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7 % GLY (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": null, "code": "glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:FAL", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept)", "reference_product": "Fatty-acid layer to the biodiesel plant", "state": "1.5 bar(a), 68.45 degC, 94 % FAME (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "D-013: the library hierarchy prefers subdivision or system expansion, then economic (price ratio) allocation. Subdivision is not possible (one acidulation serves all three outputs), substitution needs background datasets that are not linked at this stage and no sourced prices for refined glycerol and the fatty layer were collected in this run. Mass shares with the methanol as a return are a declared preliminary placeholder until prices are sourced and the crude-glycerol background is chosen.", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:FAL": 0.1267, "product:GLYC": 0.8733, "product:MEOHR": 0.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "9067286bd43185da73cb55909675bdceac0971d9ecbb1af9eb905e7a9890b72a", "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 15, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 17, "calculated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, glycerol-1 concept design (agent run 2026-10-28)", "geography": { "description": "Generic site next to a biodiesel plant, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 10000000.0, "source": "product:GLYC per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Crude glycerol refining: HCl acidulation, fatty-layer decanting, NaOH neutralisation, atmospheric methanol column, vacuum dewatering, vacuum still with live steam and salt centrifuge, activated carbon bleaching; 10 000 t/a glycerol 99.7 wt%", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "054d1b00-1c5c-50d2-ae02-e33dd3721f07" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/glycerol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "GLYC", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 6, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "key": "feed:CRUDE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/glycerol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "key": "feed:ACF", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/glycerol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "key": "product:SALT", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/glycerol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "key": "product:FOOTS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/glycerol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "key": "product:SPAC", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/glycerol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt", "key": "product:WW", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/glycerol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "glycerol-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "benzene", "code": "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:BENZENE", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA)", "reference_product": "Benzene to storage", "state": "1.5 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.9 % BZ (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "biphenyl", "code": "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:DIPHENYL", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA)", "reference_product": "Biphenyl (diphenyl) by-product", "state": "0.45 bar(a), 183.828 degC, 95.2233 % BIPH (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "methane", "code": "hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:FUELGAS", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA)", "reference_product": "Methane, PSA tail gas and stabiliser off-gas to the fuel gas header", "state": "40 degC", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "energy", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "energy", "reason": "The WBCSD price-ratio rule cannot be applied: no co-product prices are set at the concept stage. Energy (LHV) is used because the fuel gas co-product is an energy carrier sold to the site fuel system and the products are all fuels or hydrocarbons with similar LHVs; mass would give the high-LHV fuel gas a smaller share than its energy content (D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:BENZENE": 0.755308047955, "product:DIPHENYL": 0.0207977514375, "product:FUELGAS": 0.223894200607 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "770894fee9fd57921e424d16518cdac4a217e7368fb0bcdd9f6187580f6ee03c", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:c203-vacuum-power", "cutoff:small-pumps-power", "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:heater-combustion", "emission-excluded:no-process-effluent", "emission-excluded:storage-tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.25, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5625, "exchanges": 8, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 3, "calculated": 6, "given": 2 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "cpc": "34110", "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, hda-1 concept run (agent-generated, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 100000000.0, "source": "product:BENZENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "thermal toluene hydrodealkylation, adiabatic reactor 895-936 K / 3.4 MPa, H2 recycle with purge and purge hydrogen recovery by PSA, stabiliser, benzene and vacuum toluene columns; 100 kt/a benzene, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "9c909dd0-ea10-506a-8ef8-3d4a5fdeac69" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/hda-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "benzene", "grade": null, "key": "product:BENZENE", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 40580, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "biphenyl", "grade": null, "key": "product:DIPHENYL", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 39680, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "methane", "grade": null, "key": "product:FUELGAS", "property": "energy", "registry": 50010.0, "status": "match", "study": 50660, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "BENZENE", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 0, "gaps": [], "id": "hda-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": false, "title": "Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "hydrazine", "code": "hydrazine-1:hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process:product:HH", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a)", "reference_product": "Hydrazine hydrate (64 wt% N2H4)", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 64 % N2H4 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:HH": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "07d8f26a410d4d9aeef45a51f2a7892dd9bbd5a3118644b7de45ce1efa0a2733", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:column-vents", "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:storage-tanks", "emission-excluded:waste-incineration" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 17, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 21, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, hydrazine-1 concept run (agent-generated, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 16000000.0, "source": "product:HH per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "ammonia oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of methyl ethyl ketone in an activated (acetamide/ammonium acetate, phosphate) working solution at 323 K, azine decantation and distillation, working-solution regeneration by evaporation at 453 K with ammonia recovery, azine hydrolysis by reactive distillation at about 900 kPa(a), hydrate concentration; 16 kt/a hydrazine hydrate (10.2 kt/a N2H4), concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "bdf2bd74-0598-56c6-8f37-3cc200c7fc40" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/hydrazine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "HH", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 6, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process", "key": "feed:H2O2", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrazine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process", "key": "feed:MEKF", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrazine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process", "key": "feed:PHOSF", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrazine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process", "key": "product:BUOHB", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrazine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process", "key": "product:HEAVY", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrazine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process", "key": "product:WSP", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrazine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "hydrazine-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "hydrogen", "code": "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:H2", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)", "reference_product": "Hydrogen product 99.9 mol% to battery limit", "state": "28.5 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.8996 % H2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "steam", "code": "hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:STEAMX", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)", "reference_product": "Export steam 4300 kPa(a) 673 K", "state": "43 bar(a), 400 degC, 100 % H2O (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "exergy", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Hydrogen and steam are not products of one separation, so neither curated physical rule of the hierarchy fits exactly, and the WBCSD price ratio is not available (no sourced prices at concept). Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam by energy or exergy and steam has no heating value; it weighs the steam by its work potential rather than by its enthalpy (DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:H2": 0.901138147651, "product:STEAMX": 0.0988618523494 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "ed30b7f82b95450ff8745a3811d60c8b6791a8bbefd44b27ac8152802477b3e5", "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 5.0, "P": 3.9998, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0005, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 3.0002, "dqr_pef": 3.2501, "exchanges": 15, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "GeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 15, "calculated": 6, "estimated": 2, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, hydrogen-1 concept design (agent-drafted, not reviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 76252596.0, "source": "product:H2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "natural-gas steam methane reforming, top-fired tubular reformer, HT shift, hydrogen PSA, tail gas firing, steam export; 100 000 Nm3/h", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "77419871-8deb-597d-a41b-2c2d464802e7" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/hydrogen-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "hydrogen", "grade": null, "key": "product:H2", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 121243.5, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "steam", "grade": null, "key": "product:STEAMX", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 1256.6, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "H2", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 0, "gaps": [], "id": "hydrogen-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": false, "title": "Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "hydrogen-bromide", "code": "hydrogen-bromide-1:hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt:product:HBRACID", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid)", "reference_product": "Hydrogen bromide, Hydrobromic acid 48 wt-% to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 52 % H2O (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:HBRACID": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "ff6c9a7b3a812899b404276ca2b9577e75d22a2cbe0235d1d9fe69271d06a284", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:r102-carbon-makeup", "cutoff:r102-carbon-spent", "emission-excluded:bromine-slip", "emission-excluded:burner-combustion", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:non-routine", "emission-excluded:tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 9, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 13, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, hydrogen-bromide-1 concept design (agent run, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for an undecided site; no site-specific supply", "site": "generic industrial site" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 16666664.0, "source": "product:HBRACID per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "HBr burner (bromine vapour in 5 mol-% excess hydrogen) with water-cooled chamber, activated-carbon finishing bed, graphite gas cooler, graphite falling-film absorber and water tail gas scrubber; 8 kt/a HBr as 48 wt-% acid; LP steam bromine vaporiser", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "a83ea3dd-405f-56d0-a16a-d6ba8971e03c" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/hydrogen-bromide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "HBRACID", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 1, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt", "key": "emission:HBr", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-bromide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of HBr (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" } ], "id": "hydrogen-bromide-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "hydrogen-chloride", "code": "hydrogen-chloride-1:hydrogen-chloride-synthesis-and-absorption-10-t-h-hydrochloric-acid-33-wt:product:HCLACID", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery)", "reference_product": "Hydrogen chloride, Hydrochloric acid 33 wt-% to storage", "state": "2.5 bar(a), 40 degC, 67 % H2O (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "The library hierarchy allocates exported steam by energy or exergy. Neither applies here: the acid has no energy content, so energy allocation would put every burden on the steam, and no property package covers HCl-water, so the acid's exergy cannot be calculated; the steam is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. Shares 1/0 until the exergy of both products is available (DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:HCLACID": 1.0, "product:STEAM": 0.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "c37e0b742e6414ba4a64d78e0f85cc93e12d3c03c944c7be8e43640e21a9b4f7", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:furnace-combustion", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:non-routine", "emission-excluded:tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 7, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 13, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, hydrogen-chloride-1 concept design (agent run, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for an undecided site next to a chlor-alkali plant; no site-specific supply", "site": "generic industrial site adjacent to chlor-alkali-1" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 80000000.0, "source": "product:HCLACID per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "HCl synthesis burner with steam-raising furnace (1000 kPa(a)), graphite falling-film absorber and water tail gas scrubber; 26.4 kt/a HCl as 33 wt-% acid; chlorine and hydrogen from an adjacent membrane-cell chlor-alkali plant", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "d6824238-d116-528d-9576-2a3ef0c96ba7" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "hydrogen-chloride-synthesis-and-absorption-10-t-h-hydrochloric-acid-33-wt", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/hydrogen-chloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "steam", "grade": null, "key": "product:STEAM", "note": "the product is counted in kWh; the registry's values are per kg", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 1230.596026, "unit": "kJ/kWh" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "HCLACID", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 0, "gaps": [], "id": "hydrogen-chloride-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": false, "title": "Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "hydrogen-peroxide", "code": "hydrogen-peroxide-1:hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt:product:PROD", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%)", "reference_product": "Hydrogen peroxide 50 wt% to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 30 degC, 50 % H2O2 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:PROD": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "7dbbbed35766284c1e0c432edb644bcab8cf5527b79e051230597474d5e4b3bf", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:water-tank", "emission-excluded:ws-tank-breathing" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 23, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 30, "calculated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library (agent-drafted concept design, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "Generic concept design, site not chosen; operating windows and consumptions set inside the ranges of European plants reported in the LVOC BREF 2017 (chapter 12).", "site": "not chosen" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 100000000.0, "source": "product:PROD per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "anthraquinone autoxidation (AO) process, fixed-bed Pd hydrogenation, air oxidation, water extraction, vacuum concentration to 50 wt%; 50 kt/a H2O2 (100 %)", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "78732531-3b28-5c2d-aa45-0d3a5c6a4e58" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "PROD", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 15, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "feed:MKQ", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "feed:MKS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "feed:ALU", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "product:SPENT", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "emission:DIBC", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of DIBC (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "emission:TMB", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of TMB (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "consumable:nitric-acid", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'nitric-acid'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "disposal:consumable.nitric-acid", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "consumable:sodium-hydroxide", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'sodium-hydroxide'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "disposal:consumable.sodium-hydroxide", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "consumable:activated-carbon", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "disposal:consumable.activated-carbon", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "consumable:ion-exchange-resin", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "disposal:consumable.ion-exchange-resin", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt", "key": "consumable:palladium-catalyst-loss", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydrogen-peroxide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "hydrogen-peroxide-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate", "code": "hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution)", "reference_product": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution 25.4 wt% to storage", "state": "1.8 bar(a), 40 degC, 71.1773 % H2O (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "The library hierarchy allocates exported steam by energy or exergy. Neither is available: no property package covers the salt solution (D-006), so its exergy cannot be calculated, and energy allocation would load the steam with the burdens of a non-fuel product. Shares 1/0 until the exergy of both products is available (D-011).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:MPS": 0.0, "product:PROD": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "ec2436183ee16857b073182e7b72b8dc59d369e7a6c8cad02210030670282929", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:gauze-fabrication-refining", "cutoff:hydrogenation-catalyst-preparation", "emission-excluded:combustion", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5, "exchanges": 16, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 15, "calculated": 9, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library (agent-drafted concept design, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "Generic concept design, site not chosen; conditions taken from open patents of European producers (BASF, DOMO Caproleuna).", "site": "not chosen" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 293466720.0, "source": "product:PROD per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "NH3 oxidation with O2 and steam on Pt/Rh (about 130 kPa(a)), O2 removal by hydrogenation, condensation, NO hydrogenation in about 20 wt% H2SO4 on suspended Pt/graphite in a stirred-tank cascade (313 K, 200 kPa(a)) with off-gas recycle and purge to a thermal oxidiser; 30 kt/a NH2OH", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "316c5545-6c2a-5c77-89ab-41e7836b3406" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/hydroxylamine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "steam", "grade": null, "key": "product:MPS", "note": "the product is counted in kWh; the registry's values are per kg", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 1323.080187, "unit": "kJ/kWh" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "PROD", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 2, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh", "key": "consumable:o2-removal-catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydroxylamine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh", "key": "disposal:consumable.o2-removal-catalyst", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/hydroxylamine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "hydroxylamine-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "iodine", "code": "iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a)", "reference_product": "Iodine flakes (99.8 wt% I2) to packing", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.8 % I2 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:IODINE": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "2af249852da68dd248a7ccc63784c3dcd9dc2299ebf97d341db677c6d31527e9", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:melter-vent", "emission-excluded:storage-and-unloading" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5, "exchanges": 12, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 10, "calculated": 8, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, iodine-1 concept design (agent-drafted, not reviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One generic concept design for an Oklahoma-type iodide brine; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 1000000.0, "source": "product:IODINE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "iodine from natural iodide brine: acidification with recycled liquors, chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out in a closed air loop, absorption in HI/H2SO4 with SO2, chlorine precipitation, filtration, melting under sulfuric acid, flaking; spent brine neutralised with caustic and reinjected; 1000 t/a", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "eceed654-1910-56de-980c-49c22d79cc8c" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/iodine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "IODINE", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 2, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a", "key": "feed:BRINE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/iodine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a", "key": "feed:SO2", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/iodine-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "iodine-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "isobutene", "code": "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:IBP", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage)", "reference_product": "Isobutene (2-methylpropene), High-purity isobutene to storage", "state": "15 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.9747 % IB (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "methanol", "code": "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:MEOHP", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage)", "reference_product": "Recovered methanol (co-product, back to MTBE synthesis or sale)", "state": "4.8 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.2091 % MEOH (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": null, "code": "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:HEAVIES", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage)", "reference_product": "Heavy ends (C8 and MTBE) to the site fuel oil system", "state": "10.1 bar(a), 162.75 degC, 65.6294 % MTBE (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": null, "code": "isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:FUELGAS", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage)", "reference_product": "DME-rich vents to the site fuel gas header", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "The WBCSD price-ratio rule cannot be applied: no co-product prices are set at the concept stage and the registry holds none for isobutene or methanol.", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:FUELGAS": 0.00899448044854, "product:HEAVIES": 0.0031774163536, "product:IBP": 0.630579881562, "product:MEOHP": 0.357248221636 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "4aa9033198cb2534a6ddde450a6897df3430cda4a78f57954499d42211f77437", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:catalyst", "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:heater-combustion", "emission-excluded:storage-tanks", "emission-excluded:vents-to-fuel" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.875, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.7188, "exchanges": 8, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 9, "calculated": 3, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "cpc": "34110", "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, isobutene-1 concept run (agent-generated, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, not chosen site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 50000000.0, "source": "product:IBP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "gas-phase MTBE cracking over an acidic silica-alumina type catalyst, heated multitubular reactor 553 K / 0.9 MPa, conversion 0.90 per pass with MTBE recycle, water wash, drying/DME column, methanol recovery; 50 kt/a isobutene, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "e0b18d58-f8de-54c5-abdf-6fa7c7bb39da" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/isobutene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "isobutene", "grade": null, "key": "product:IBP", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 44970, "unit": "kJ/kg" }, { "chemical": "methanol", "grade": null, "key": "product:MEOHP", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 21020, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "IBP", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 1, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage", "key": "feed:MTBEF", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/isobutene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "isobutene-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "bleached-kraft-pulp", "code": "kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept)", "reference_product": "Bleached kraft pulp, Bleached softwood kraft market pulp, 90 % dry (bales)", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 40 degC, 76.0909 % CELL (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "The library hierarchy allocates exported electricity by energy or exergy (docs/system-model.md). Neither applies yet: the pulp has no declared energy content or exergy in this run (its heating value is not predicted, D-003), so energy allocation would put every burden on the electricity; the electricity is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. Substitution (crediting displaced grid electricity) cannot be exported as one activity per co-product and its avoided product is not linked (country not chosen, D-002). Shares 1/0 are the conservative choice for the pulp until the pulp's exergy is available (DESIGN.md D-014).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:EEXP": 0.0, "product:PULP": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "0653db1bac3ebc83ad80d3a84e2744eea779a188575e03712b13247cbd1a1260", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:diffuse-and-water-organics", "emission-excluded:dissolving-tank-vent", "emission-excluded:kiln-so2-dust", "emission-excluded:trs-co-voc" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 18, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 26, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "cpc": "3212", "isic": "1701" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, kraft-pulp-1 concept design (agent run 2026-10-28)", "geography": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 350000280.0, "source": "product:PULP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Bleached softwood kraft market pulp: continuous digester, O2 delignification, ECF D0-EOP-D1, drying machine, 7-effect evaporation to 80 % solids, recovery boiler 84 bar with extraction back-pressure turbine and condensing tail, recausticizing, natural gas lime kiln; 1000 ADt/d", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "c91215e5-8239-5fb6-a9d3-2a788d89f37b" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/kraft-pulp-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "electricity", "grade": null, "key": "product:EEXP", "note": "the product is counted in kWh; the registry's values are per kg", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 3600.0, "unit": "kJ/kWh" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "PULP", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp", "key": "feed:CHIPS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/kraft-pulp-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp", "key": "feed:CLO2", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/kraft-pulp-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp", "key": "feed:SALT", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/kraft-pulp-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp", "key": "feed:CAO", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/kraft-pulp-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "kraft-pulp-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "methanol", "code": "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MEOH", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)", "reference_product": "Methanol Grade AA to storage", "state": "3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.9111 % CH3OH (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": null, "code": "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:FUELGAS", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)", "reference_product": "LP flash gas and topping-column off-gas to fuel gas", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "carrier": { "kind": "steam", "level": "MP", "pressure": 28.0, "source": "utility of MPS in process/flowsheet.yaml", "temperature": 230.25 }, "chemical": null, "code": "methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MPS", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)", "reference_product": "MP steam raised in the converter (2800 kPa(a))", "unit": "kilowatt hour" } ], "allocation": { "method": "exergy", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "exergy", "reason": "Neither curated physical rule fits: the products do not come from one separation, and LHV cannot apply because the steam has no heating value. The WBCSD price ratio does not apply either: the steam is counted in kWh, and no sourced prices exist at concept. Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam and fuels by energy or exergy, and exergy is the one basis common to the three products (DESIGN.md D-015).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:FUELGAS": 0.0132926974841, "product:MEOH": 0.949473759897, "product:MPS": 0.0372335426194 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "692130c64de460fb8a6aab462fcf0c77942cb733863ae7e61e208f9edfd279b3", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:combustion", "emission-excluded:fugitive", "emission-excluded:storage", "emission-excluded:wastewater" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.4, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.6, "exchanges": 5, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 2, "calculated": 7, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, methanol-1 concept design (agent-drafted, not reviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 871365600.0, "source": "product:MEOH per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "low-pressure methanol synthesis on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 in a boiling-water converter, recycle loop with purge, LP flash, topping and refining columns; electric compressor drives; 2500 t/d", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "678ca614-7b94-5eba-870c-71f56cc4d451" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/methanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "methanol", "grade": null, "key": "product:MEOH", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 22396.1, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "MEOH", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 1, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa", "key": "feed:SYNGAS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/methanol-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "methanol-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "methylamine", "code": "methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:MMAP", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia", "reference_product": "Methylamine (monomethylamine), Anhydrous monomethylamine to storage", "state": "6 bar(a), 41.82 degC, 100 % MMA (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "dimethylamine", "code": "methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:DMAP", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia", "reference_product": "Anhydrous dimethylamine to storage", "state": "6.5 bar(a), 62.27 degC, 100 % DMA (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "trimethylamine", "code": "methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:TMAP", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia", "reference_product": "Anhydrous trimethylamine to storage", "state": "5 bar(a), 53.6 degC, 100 % TMA (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "The library hierarchy asks for the WBCSD price ratio to decide between physical and economic allocation. No open, dated prices of anhydrous MMA, DMA and TMA were sourced in this run (open input O-8), so the ratio is unknown; mass is used as the physical basis for three chemically similar co-products of one reactor and train, and is to be checked against economic allocation once prices are sourced (DESIGN.md D-014).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:DMAP": 0.550000687501, "product:MMAP": 0.249999062499, "product:TMAP": 0.20000025 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "a7df6aba150b27a1dc8774c578a0876ea403b18140cd7d118be034c34b88bb62", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:caustic-dosing", "cutoff:higher-amine-purge", "cutoff:silica-alumina-catalyst", "emission-excluded:combustion", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:tanks", "emission-excluded:vents" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.5714, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.6429, "exchanges": 7, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 6, "calculated": 2, "given": 2 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, methylamines-1 concept run (agent-generated, not reviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, undecided site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 35200000.0, "source": "product:DMAP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "vapour-phase amination of methanol over amorphous silica-alumina (adiabatic, 625-713 K, 2.2 MPa), N/C 2.0, recycle of NH3, TMA, MMA and methanol; NH3 column, TMA extractive distillation with water, dehydration, MMA/DMA and methanol columns; 8 t/h amines (25/55/20 wt% MMA/DMA/TMA)", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "5bf6876f-d9d2-5b0d-bce9-ed64b81c3285" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/methylamines-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "DMAP", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 1, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma", "key": "feed:MEOH", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/methylamines-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "methylamines-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "n-bromosuccinimide", "code": "n-bromosuccinimide-1:n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a:product:NBS", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a)", "reference_product": "N-Bromosuccinimide crystals to packing", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 30 degC, 98.6168 % NBS_S (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:NBS": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [ { "expression": "feed:BR2 / product:NBS", "family": "nitrogen-organics", "kpi": "nbs-specific-bromine", "no_open_reference": "No open source with a plant's or a pilot's bromine use per kg NBS found (searched 2026-11-05: Google Patents for the preparation of N-bromosuccinimide from succinimide, bromine and NaOH, US 2 971 960 read; PubChem CID 67184; web search for NBS production yields). Only the stoichiometric floor, 0.898 kg/kg, is known.", "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": null, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Bromine consumption per kg of N-bromosuccinimide", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": null }, { "expression": "product:WW / product:NBS", "family": "nitrogen-organics", "kpi": "nbs-specific-wastewater", "no_open_reference": "No open source with the liquor volume of NBS manufacture found (searched 2026-11-05 as for nbs-specific-bromine); US 2 971 960 says only that the caustic route needs much water to wash the bromide out of the product, no amount.", "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": null, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Wastewater (mother liquor, wash and condensate) per kg of N-bromosuccinimide", "unit": "kg/kg", "value": null } ], "content_sha256": "0a69ca0bd2a63a640bc74f5ec8d528b7842fb542fb6a1ee5a5a3881ada4519fd", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:bromine-vent", "emission-excluded:dryer-vent" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.9091, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.7273, "exchanges": 11, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 11, "calculated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code agent session (Claude Opus 5.5) for issue #140 and core#158, unreviewed", "geography": { "description": "Generic fine-chemicals site with a bromine supply, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 499999.896, "source": "product:NBS per hour x operation.hours_per_year (7920 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Batch plant: succinimide dissolved in caustic soda at 278 K, bromine dosed over 2 h (semi-batch), NBS precipitated, filtered, reslurry-washed with ice water and vacuum-dried at 333 K in an agitated filter-dryer; 334.41 kg per batch, 1495 batches a year on a dedicated train", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "5ed669b2-a551-5295-af61-199050d0ea66" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/n-bromosuccinimide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "NBS", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a", "key": "feed:SUCC", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/n-bromosuccinimide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a", "key": "product:BRINE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/n-bromosuccinimide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'chilled-water'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a", "key": "consumable:rinse-water", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/n-bromosuccinimide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "n-bromosuccinimide-by-semi-batch-bromination-of-succinimide-in-aqueous-naoh-500-t-a", "key": "disposal:consumable.rinse-water", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/n-bromosuccinimide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "n-bromosuccinimide-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": null, "code": "natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:SALESGAS", "grade": null, "location": "US", "name": "Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)", "reference_product": "Sales gas to transmission pipeline (7000 kPa(a))", "state": "70 bar(a), 40 degC, 94.0507 % CH4 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "natural-gas-liquids", "code": "natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:NGL", "grade": null, "location": "US", "name": "Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)", "reference_product": "Natural gas liquids (C2+, ethane-propane mix) to NGL pipeline", "state": "70 bar(a), 15 degC, 58.3166 % C2H6 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "energy", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "energy", "reason": "Hierarchy step 3 (WBCSD price ratio) cannot be applied: no sourced prices of sales gas and NGL are recorded for this concept design. Energy (LHV) is used because both co-products are fuels and feedstocks traded on their energy content, the physical relationship between them; mass would give nearly the same split since their LHVs differ by 3 % (D-014). To be revisited when open price data are sourced.", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:NGL": 0.278135380375, "product:SALESGAS": 0.721864619625 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "86d1eda0cde15c20091f4dbd0bfd9d43dc9bfa6e1c61cefc84de131db10e6750", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:fugitive-CH4", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:non-routine", "emission-excluded:tanks", "emission-excluded:water" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 1.0, "P": 3.9987, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0026, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 1.6675, "dqr_pef": 2.2503, "exchanges": 21, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 22, "calculated": 0, "estimated": 5, "given": 3 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "0910" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, natural-gas-processing-1 concept design (agent run, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a US onshore shale gas plant (Barnett-type feed); no site-specific supply", "site": "generic gas plant in a shale gathering area, not chosen" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 549675680.0, "source": "product:SALESGAS per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Sweet gas plant: inlet separation, MDEA CO2 removal (acid gas vented), TEG dehydration with molecular sieve polishing, GSP-type turbo-expander NGL recovery (90 % C2, 98 % C3), electric-motor residue compression; 100 MMscf/d (about 0.8 Mt/a) of Barnett-type rich shale gas", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "05bf4326-7837-5bf0-bc4e-744759841981" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "natural-gas-liquids", "grade": null, "key": "product:NGL", "property": "energy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 47.034, "unit": "kJ/kg" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "SALESGAS", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 7, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "key": "feed:RAWGAS", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "key": "product:PWATER", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "key": "emission:PM", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of PM (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" }, { "dataset": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "key": "consumable:MDEA", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "key": "disposal:consumable.MDEA", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "key": "consumable:TEG", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl", "key": "disposal:consumable.TEG", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/natural-gas-processing-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "natural-gas-processing-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "nitric-acid", "code": "nitric-acid-1:weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid:product:ACID", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid)", "reference_product": "Weak nitric acid 60 wt% to storage", "state": "5 bar(a), 40 degC, 60 % HNO3 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "The library hierarchy allocates exported steam by energy or exergy (docs/system-model.md). Neither applies here: the acid has no energy content, so energy allocation would put every burden on the steam, and no property package covers HNO3-water (D-012), so the acid's exergy cannot be calculated; the steam is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. Shares 1/0 are the conservative choice for the acid until the exergy of both products is available (DESIGN.md D-014).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:ACID": 1.0, "product:HPS": 0.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "0f3d50fb458121cf88418a03199d8e376f267eeea1cb4dfda95347f601290366", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:gauze-fabrication-refining", "cutoff:n2o-decomposition-catalyst", "cutoff:scr-catalyst", "emission-excluded:combustion", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:tanks" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 11, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 17, "calculated": 2, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2012" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, nitric-acid-1 concept run (agent-generated, not reviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for a generic, undecided site; no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 555555200.0, "source": "product:ACID per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (0.5 / 1.1 MPa(a)) over Pt/Rh, heat recovery to HP steam, absorption to 60 wt% HNO3, tertiary N2O decomposition and SCR, tail-gas expander; 1000 t/d HNO3", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "77106ddc-f08a-5f02-8aab-2891be54a2e0" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/nitric-acid-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [ { "chemical": "steam", "grade": null, "key": "product:HPS", "note": "the product is counted in kWh; the registry's values are per kg", "property": "exergy", "registry": null, "status": "unchecked", "study": 2005.496546, "unit": "kJ/kWh" } ], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "ACID", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 0, "gaps": [], "id": "nitric-acid-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": false, "title": "Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "phosgene", "code": "phosgene-1:phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive:product:PHOSGENE", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive)", "reference_product": "Liquid phosgene to the captive consumer", "state": "liquid, 3.4 bar(a), -20 degC, 99.9951 % COCL2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:PHOSGENE": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "44cd4a353042bc3d84620f91a6c69a3900b262e4064c1d60673c2fac5181dfd2", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:fugitive-phosgene", "emission-excluded:oxidiser-nox" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5, "exchanges": 13, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 10, "calculated": 10, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code agent session (Claude Opus 5.5) for issue #164, unreviewed", "geography": { "description": "Generic site integrated with a chlor-alkali and an isocyanate plant, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 138768432.0, "source": "product:PHOSGENE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "CO + Cl2 over activated carbon in a boiling-water-cooled multitubular reactor, two-stage condensation, caustic vent scrubber, thermal oxidiser; 17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "c8420ee2-1ec9-58d9-8f2c-9ca59275eb65" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/phosgene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "PHOSGENE", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 2, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive", "key": "feed:CO", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/phosgene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive", "key": "product:BRINE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/phosgene-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "phosgene-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "phosphorus-oxychloride", "code": "phosphorus-oxychloride-1:phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3:product:POCL3", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h)", "reference_product": "Phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride), Phosphorus oxychloride (distilled) to storage", "state": "liquid, 3 bar(a), 35 degC, 99.9976 % POCL3 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:POCL3": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "f05f30e47abc1919dd3b5691be12e04a43218a7e30e290050e27a4c3816c4320", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:fugitive-chlorides", "emission-excluded:phosphorus-mud", "emission-excluded:storage-breathing" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 14, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 18, "calculated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code agent session (Claude Opus 5.5) for issue #135, unreviewed", "geography": { "description": "Generic site integrated with a chlor-alkali plant and an air separation unit, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 32000000.0, "source": "product:POCL3 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Chlorination of molten white phosphorus to PCl3 in a boiling reactor-still, liquid-phase oxidation of PCl3 with oxygen in a cooled loop reactor, two-column distillation with PCl3 recycle and residue purge, caustic vent scrubber; 4.0 t/h POCl3", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "92e10229-13b9-56ea-9fc6-14cc084aad18" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/phosphorus-oxychloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "POCL3", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3", "key": "feed:P4", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/phosphorus-oxychloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3", "key": "product:RES", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/phosphorus-oxychloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3", "key": "product:CHW", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/phosphorus-oxychloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'chilled-water'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3", "key": "emission:POCL3", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/phosphorus-oxychloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of POCL3 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" } ], "id": "phosphorus-oxychloride-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "potassium-permanganate", "code": "potassium-permanganate-1:potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h:product:KMNO4", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept)", "reference_product": "Potassium permanganate (technical grade) to packing", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 80 degC, 98.9403 % KMnO4 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "none", "rule": "single-output", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:KMNO4": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "88fe35e6765e84783c6e7f702711f99b72621ae46785ea3681e02d26347d97fb", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:leach-tanks", "emission-excluded:purge-effluent", "emission-excluded:roaster-firing" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 11, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 20, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, potassium-permanganate-1 concept design (agent run 2026-10-28)", "geography": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 10000000.0, "source": "product:KMNO4 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "MnO2 ore roasted with KOH and air in an indirectly fired kiln, leach with recycled mother liquor and lime, divided-membrane electrolysis of manganate, cooling crystallisation, centrifuge, steam dryer, double-effect KOH evaporator; 1250 kg/h KMnO4", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "afc7b2b9-86b5-547b-abab-22fbf35867d5" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/potassium-permanganate-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "KMNO4", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h", "key": "feed:ORE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/potassium-permanganate-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h", "key": "feed:KOH", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/potassium-permanganate-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h", "key": "feed:LIME", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/potassium-permanganate-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h", "key": "product:RESIDUE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/potassium-permanganate-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "potassium-permanganate-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "silicon-carbide", "code": "silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:SIC", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept)", "reference_product": "Silicon carbide, Crushed crude crystalline SiC (98 wt%)", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 50 degC, 98 % SiC (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "silicon-carbide", "code": "silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:MET", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept)", "reference_product": "Silicon carbide, Metallurgical-grade SiC (88 wt%)", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 50 degC, 88 % SiC (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Hierarchy step 3 (WBCSD price ratio) cannot be applied: no sourced prices of crude crystalline and metallurgical-grade SiC are recorded for this concept design. Mass is used because both co-products are mostly SiC (98 and 88 wt%) from the same batch; to be revisited with economic allocation once prices are sourced (D-010).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:MET": 0.2, "product:SIC": 0.8 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "d1c3029470eb001040dce938e7f2b80f4402f622331f987cf03c0e5e024cafe3", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:furnace-pollutants" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 11, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 20, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, silicon-carbide-1 concept design (agent run 2026-10-28)", "geography": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 40000000.0, "source": "product:SIC per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Acheson batch resistance furnaces (silica sand and green petroleum coke, graphite core), gas burn-off over the charge, ingot cooling, breaking and sorting with recycle of the unreacted mix, crushing and screening; 5000 kg/h crude SiC", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "ea20b56e-bec0-5255-80c7-c0edc031fb2f" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/silicon-carbide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "SIC", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 4, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept", "key": "feed:SAND", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/silicon-carbide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept", "key": "feed:COKE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/silicon-carbide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept", "key": "emission:SiC", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/silicon-carbide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of SiC (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" }, { "dataset": "silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept", "key": "emission:SiO2", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/silicon-carbide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of SiO2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" } ], "id": "silicon-carbide-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "sodium-carbonate", "code": "soda-ash-1:soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash:product:SODA", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)", "reference_product": "Sodium carbonate, Light soda ash to storage", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 160 degC, 99.5 % Na2CO3 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "none", "rule": "single-output", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:SODA": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "a408194cfebd1cdb382719fd4f7391965db504fbd71139fbf7c8bc873ce61e2c", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:kiln-pollutants" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 12, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 18, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, soda-ash-1 concept design (agent run 2026-10-27)", "geography": { "description": "Generic site, country not chosen (D-002); no regional background linked" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 333333600.0, "source": "product:SODA per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Solvay ammonia-soda process: mixed-feed shaft lime kiln, ammoniation, carbonating towers, rotary vacuum filter, steam calciner, ammonia distiller with milk of lime; 1000 t/d light soda ash", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "b498b28a-f6d4-5edf-8a0b-e5a5abbb2e0e" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/soda-ash-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "SODA", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 0, "gaps": [], "id": "soda-ash-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": false, "title": "Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "sodium-cyanide", "code": "sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a)", "reference_product": "Solid sodium cyanide (98 wt%) to packing", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 40 degC, 98 % NACN_S (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Shares 1/0 instead of the library's exergy allocation of exported steam, because the chemical exergy of NaCN is not sourced yet (DESIGN.md D-012); the steam then carries no burden, which overstates the product's burdens.", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:MPSX": 0.0, "product:NACN": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "c07cc43ddb102743b30ea33576c71baf02c571ad5fe7f8baf0635589bad00a38", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:boiler-nox-co", "emission-excluded:fugitive-leaks", "emission-excluded:start-up-and-flaring", "emission-excluded:storage", "emission-excluded:vents-and-dust" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 3.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.5, "exchanges": 20, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 20, "calculated": 10, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, sodium-cyanide-1 concept design (agent-drafted, not reviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One generic concept design; no site chosen, no country-specific data" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 50000000.0, "source": "product:NACN per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "air-operated Andrussow converter on Pt/Rh gauze, waste heat boiler, ammonium phosphate ammonia recovery and recycle, HCN absorption in chilled water and rectification, neutralisation with 50 wt% NaOH, vacuum evaporative crystallisation, steam drying, tail gas boiler; 6.25 t/h solid NaCN", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "c9b4056c-9c59-54c8-9ecc-e9fd63749206" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/sodium-cyanide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "NACN", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 6, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "key": "product:CHW", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/sodium-cyanide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'chilled-water'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "key": "emission:HCN", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/sodium-cyanide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of HCN (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" }, { "dataset": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "key": "consumable:pt-rh-gauze", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/sodium-cyanide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "key": "consumable:phosphate-makeup", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/sodium-cyanide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "key": "disposal:consumable.phosphate-makeup", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/sodium-cyanide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn", "key": "consumable:hcn-stabiliser", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/sodium-cyanide-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" } ], "id": "sodium-cyanide-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "sodium-nitrite", "code": "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion)", "reference_product": "Sodium nitrite, dried, 99.0 wt-% (to bagging and storage)", "state": "1.013 bar(a), 50 degC, 99.0184 % NaNO2 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "sodium-nitrate", "code": "sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO3", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion)", "reference_product": "Sodium nitrate, dried (co-product)", "state": "1.013 bar(a), 50 degC, 99.9 % NaNO3 (mass)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "shares", "rule": "deviation", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "shares", "reason": "Economic allocation would follow the library hierarchy for two material co-products of unequal value, but no open price basis for either salt was found in this run; mass is used until prices are sourced (open input, DESIGN.md D-013).", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:NANO2": 0.86226, "product:NANO3": 0.13774 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "ef6ecfb4f0a161c88b86da797b53d79853311153372808283b3e3fa2e146c00f", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:dissolver", "emission-excluded:dust", "emission-excluded:leaks", "emission-excluded:no-combustion", "emission-excluded:non-routine", "emission-excluded:platinum" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 12, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 21, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, sodium-nitrite-1 concept design (agent run, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One concept design for an undecided site; no site-specific supply", "site": "generic industrial site" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 20000000.0, "source": "product:NANO2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Ammonia oxidation over Pt/Rh gauze near atmospheric pressure with waste heat boiler, NOx absorption in 20 wt-% soda solution, double-effect evaporation, NaNO2 vacuum crystallisation, centrifuging and drying, inversion of the mother-liquor purge with 60 wt-% nitric acid to sodium nitrate; 20 kt/a NaNO2", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "7f7b99d9-16ba-5d5f-9e5b-4e5533be418a" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/sodium-nitrite-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "NANO2", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 1, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product", "key": "product:COND", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/sodium-nitrite-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "sodium-nitrite-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "styrene", "code": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:styrene", "grade": null, "location": "RER", "name": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "reference_product": "Styrene monomer, 99.8 %", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "toluene", "code": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:toluene", "grade": null, "location": "RER", "name": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "reference_product": "Toluene, by-product", "unit": "kilogram" }, { "chemical": "benzene", "code": "styrene-1:styrene-eb-dehydrogenation:product:benzene", "grade": null, "location": "RER", "name": "Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene", "reference_product": "Benzene, by-product", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "deviation", "source": "dataset" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "No sourced prices, so the WBCSD price ratio of styrene and toluene cannot be computed (benzene, 0.97 % of the output, is below the 1 % line and does not enter it). Mass is the preliminary choice.", "rule": "deviation", "shares": { "product:benzene": 0.00967473783673, "product:styrene": 0.967473783673, "product:toluene": 0.0228514784907 }, "source": "dataset" }, "basis": "1000 kg of styrene monomer", "benchmarks": [ { "expression": "feed:ethylbenzene / product:styrene", "family": "styrenics", "kpi": "sm-specific-ethylbenzene", "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU", "technology": "ethylbenzene dehydrogenation; source plants of Table 5.9: 2011 and a 2007-2011 average", "year": 2011 }, "id": "bref-lvoc-sm-eb", "range": [ 1040, 1100 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-01", "citation": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304", "kind": "bref", "locator": "Section 5.3.4.1, p. 281", "url": "https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/JRC109279_LVOC_Bref.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Ethylbenzene consumption per t of styrene", "unit": "kg/t", "value": null }, { "expression": "product:toluene / product:styrene", "family": "styrenics", "kpi": "sm-specific-toluene", "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU", "technology": "ethylbenzene dehydrogenation" }, "id": "bref-lvoc-sm-toluene", "range": [ 16, 94 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-01", "citation": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. 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Neither applies here: the acid has no energy content, so energy allocation would put every burden on the steam, and no property package covers aqueous sulfuric acid (D-006), so the acid's exergy cannot be calculated; the steam is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. 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no regional background" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 50000000.0, "source": "product:THFP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "liquid-phase BDO cyclodehydration with homogeneous p-toluenesulfonic acid by reactive distillation (145 C), THF/water pressure-swing distillation at 110 / 800 kPa(a) with condenser-reboiler integration; 50 kt/a THF, concept design", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "02d36cd8-4cb1-55ff-8c0e-48173980bffd" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/thf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "THFP", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 3, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation", "key": "feed:BDOF", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/thf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation", "key": "feed:PTSAF", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/thf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation", "key": "product:BLEED", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/thf-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" } ], "id": "thf-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "thionyl-chloride", "code": "thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h)", "reference_product": "Thionyl chloride to storage", "state": "liquid, 3 bar(a), 35 degC, 99.7082 % SOCL2 (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "mass", "rule": "single-output", "source": "default" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "mass", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:SOCL2": 1.0 }, "source": "default" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "c029118d1007298a6ff7dcbc3c15eb997b9f4e0a3125456838b63de4a2858ad9", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "cutoff:activated-carbon", "cutoff:iron-catalyst", "emission-excluded:fugitive-chlorides", "emission-excluded:startup-shutdown", "emission-excluded:storage-breathing" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "unit process (unweighted)", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 15, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": false }, "data_status": { "assumed": 19, "calculated": 0, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "cpc": "34231", "isic": "2011" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code agent session (Claude Opus 5.5) for issue #138, unreviewed", "geography": { "description": "Generic site integrated with a chlor-alkali plant, not chosen (GLO); one design case" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 30000000.0, "source": "product:SOCL2 per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "Sulfur chlorinated to S2Cl2/SCl2 in the boundary; SCl2 + SO2 + Cl2 over activated carbon at 398-473 K; condensation, degassing and SO2/Cl2 recycle; distillation with sulfur; caustic purge scrubber; 3.75 t/h thionyl chloride", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "a4ec4b4d-4699-558f-bec8-12c115b734cd" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/thionyl-chloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "SOCL2", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 5, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h", "key": "feed:SO2", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/thionyl-chloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h", "key": "product:BRINE", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/thionyl-chloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h", "key": "emission:S2CL2", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/thionyl-chloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of S2CL2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" }, { "dataset": "thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h", "key": "emission:SCL2", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/thionyl-chloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of SCL2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" }, { "dataset": "thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h", "key": "emission:SOCL2", "link": "biosphere", "path": "processes/thionyl-chloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "emission of SOCL2 (fossil) has no biosphere3 flow identity and is not in lci/mappings.yaml biosphere", "type": "emission" } ], "id": "thionyl-chloride-1", "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "title": "Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h)", "validation": "unreviewed" }, { "activities": [ { "chemical": "urea", "code": "urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA", "grade": null, "location": "GLO", "name": "Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept)", "reference_product": "Prilled urea to storage", "state": "1.01325 bar(a), 70 degC, 98.5392 % UREA (mole)", "unit": "kilogram" } ], "allocation": { "method": "none", "rule": "single-output", "source": "study" }, "datasets": [ { "allocation": { "follows_hierarchy": true, "method": "none", "reason": "one product: nothing to allocate", "rule": "single-output", "shares": { "product:UREA": 1.0 }, "source": "study" }, "basis": "1 h of operation", "benchmarks": [], "content_sha256": "2d7b5fb3c0aa4867781b628db23e20dcdfacbc3ffb18f0b6caee331879105918", "cutoff": { "checked": false, "findings": [], "flows": [ "emission-excluded:fugitive-nh3", "emission-excluded:storage", "emission-excluded:wastewater" ] }, "data_quality": { "C": 4.0, "GeR": 3.0, "P": 4.0, "TeR": 3.0, "TiR": 1.0, "basis": "climate-change", "dqr": 2.3333, "dqr_pef": 2.75, "exchanges": 8, "primary_share": 0.0, "weakest": "TeR", "weighted": true }, "data_status": { "assumed": 17, "calculated": 1, "given": 0 }, "deprecated": false, "documentation": { "classification": { "isic": "2012" }, "data_generator": "ChemE-as-Code process library, urea-1 concept design (agent-drafted, unreviewed)", "geography": { "description": "One generic concept design; 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Backgrounds of the site's country to be linked later" }, "production_volume": { "amount": 666666400.0, "source": "product:UREA per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a)", "unit": "kg/a" }, "technology": "CO2 stripping total-recycle urea synthesis (140 bar, N/C 2.8), LP recirculation, two-stage vacuum evaporation, forced-draft prilling with wet scrubbing, process condensate desorption/hydrolysis; electric CO2 compressor; 2000 t/d", "technology_level": "current", "time": { "start": 2026 }, "uuid": "1d9eb18c-3fd5-5dda-9be0-9b2657deb887" }, "generator": "cheme assess lca", "id": "urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d", "methodology_version": "1.1.0", "methodology_version_source": "build", "path": "processes/urea-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "property_checks": [], "review": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "superseded_by": null, "system_model": "cutoff", "valid_until": 2031, "version": "0.1.0", "version_source": "dataset" } ], "factors_status": "published", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "product": "UREA", "unit": "kg" }, "gap_count": 2, "gaps": [ { "dataset": "urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d", "key": "feed:CO2", "link": "technosphere", "path": "processes/urea-1/lca/dataset.yaml", "reason": "no mapping (chemical 'carbon-dioxide'); 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