{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of 25 wt% aqueous ammonia (the dataset's basis); no plant size"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "ammonium-hydroxide-25wt-dilution",
      "expression": "output:cooling-water / product:ammonium-hydroxide",
      "family": "ammonia",
      "kpi": "aqua-ammonia-cooling-duty",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with a measured or design cooling duty for aqueous ammonia production found (2026-11-05). Read: US 4,752,452 (states that the heat of dilution is large, gives no figure), LVIC-AAF BREF 2007 (no aqueous ammonia production section; ammonia solutions only as recycled scrubber liquor), ATSDR 2004 (properties only). The dataset's value is our enthalpy balance from the NBS tables (1982) and the ammonia equation of state, not a check.",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Heat rejected to cooling water per t of aqueous ammonia",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "ammonium-hydroxide-25wt-dilution",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / product:ammonium-hydroxide",
      "family": "ammonia",
      "kpi": "aqua-ammonia-specific-electricity",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with an electricity figure for aqueous ammonia production found (2026-11-05). Read: US 4,752,452 (pumps and fans named, no power), LVIC-AAF BREF 2007, ATSDR 2004. The dataset's value is an ASSUMED pump-work estimate.",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of aqueous ammonia",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "ammonium-hydroxide-25wt-dilution",
      "expression": "feed:ammonia / product:ammonium-hydroxide",
      "family": "ammonia",
      "kpi": "aqua-ammonia-strength",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "product": "most common commercial aqueous ammonia formulation",
          "region": "US",
          "year": 2004
        },
        "id": "atsdr-2004-commercial-strength",
        "note": "The most common commercial formulation, which the source calls nearly saturated; reagent-type 28 to 30 wt% solutions, not the 25 wt% technical grade.",
        "range": [
          0.28,
          0.3
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "ATSDR (2004) Toxicological Profile for Ammonia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta",
          "kind": "government",
          "locator": "Chapter 4, Section 4.1, p. 113 (citing Weast et al. 1988)",
          "url": "https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp126.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "NH3 per mass of aqueous ammonia product",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "ammonia",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:ammonia",
        "note": "refrigerated liquid anhydrous ammonia at its normal boiling point; linked to ammonia-1 (lca/mappings.yaml)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:water",
        "note": "demineralised water (ASSUMED for a technical grade)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "ammonium-hydroxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:ammonium-hydroxide",
        "note": "aqueous ammonia, 25 wt% NH3, 25 degC; a solution, not a pure NH4OH fluid",
        "role": "main-product"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "note": "pumps only, ASSUMED hydraulic estimate",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:cooling-water",
        "note": "net heat of solution rejected (kWh), from thermochemical data",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil",
      "water"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals",
      "fertilizers"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "mixing",
      "heat-exchange"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "ammonia"
  ],
  "gap_count": 0,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "ammonium-hydroxide-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Aammonium-hydroxide-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Aammonium-hydroxide-1&process=ammonium-hydroxide-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Aammonium-hydroxide-1&process=ammonium-hydroxide-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Aammonium-hydroxide-1&process=ammonium-hydroxide-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Aammonium-hydroxide-1&process=ammonium-hydroxide-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Aammonium-hydroxide-1&process=ammonium-hydroxide-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Aammonium-hydroxide-1&process=ammonium-hydroxide-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "ammonium hydroxide",
    "aqueous ammonia",
    "aqua ammonia",
    "ammonia solution",
    "ammonia water",
    "dilution",
    "heat of solution"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": false,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "Harbolt, B.A., Murata, P.L. (Union Oil Company of California) US Patent 4,752,452: Aqueous ammonia process and mixing apparatus therefor, granted 1988-06-21",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4752452A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wagman, D.D. et al. (1982) The NBS tables of chemical thermodynamic properties. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 11, Suppl. 2, Table 18:N, p. 2-64",
      "url": "https://srd.nist.gov/JPCRD/jpcrdS2Vol11.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Gao, K., Wu, J., Bell, I.H., Lemmon, E.W. (2020) Thermodynamic properties of ammonia for temperatures from the melting line to 725 K and pressures to 1000 MPa. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data (equation of state as evaluated with CoolProp 8.0.0)",
      "url": "http://www.coolprop.org/fluid_properties/fluids/Ammonia.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "ATSDR (2004) Toxicological Profile for Ammonia, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, chapter 4 (Tables 4-1 and 4-2)",
      "url": "https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp126.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/ammonium-hydroxide-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Tier 0 screening per tonne of 25 wt% aqueous ammonia: feeds from the product's strength, heat rejected to cooling water from published heats of solution, pump electricity ASSUMED. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Ammonium hydroxide (aqueous ammonia, 25 wt% NH3) by continuous dilution of liquid ammonia in water",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}