{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of benzyl alcohol (the dataset's basis); no plant size"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "benzyl-alcohol-continuous-soda-hydrolysis",
      "expression": "feed:steam / product:benzyl-alcohol",
      "family": "oxygenates",
      "kpi": "benzyl-alcohol-specific-heat",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source independent of the dataset's with a benzyl alcohol heat or steam figure was found (2026-11-05). Read: US 5,750,801 and CS 216044 B1 (no energy figures), IPCC 2006 Vol. 3 ch. 2 (process CO2 only), the EU LVOC BREF 2017 (doi:10.2760/77304; no benzyl alcohol section). Not read: Ullmann's chapter on benzyl alcohol (licensed). The dataset's value is EP 0 064 486 A1, Table 3, a pilot figure.",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Heat (steam) per t of benzyl alcohol",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "benzyl-alcohol-continuous-soda-hydrolysis",
      "expression": "product:benzyl-alcohol * 1.170548 / feed:benzyl-chloride",
      "family": "oxygenates",
      "kpi": "benzyl-alcohol-yield",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "capacity": "pilot, two 20 l vessels",
          "region": "CZ",
          "technology": "continuous cascade of two stirred, jacketed vessels, 9.75 wt% soda solution, no inert solvent",
          "year": 1982
        },
        "id": "cs216044-continuous-soda-cascade",
        "note": "The total yields of the patent's two soda examples (95.5 % at 95 to 98 degC, atmospheric; 95.0 % at 112 to 115 degC and 0.15 to 0.16 MPa), recorded as the span of the two stated values, not widened. Read in the machine translation of Google Patents.",
        "range": [
          0.95,
          0.955
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Czechoslovak patent CS 216044 B1 (filed 1979-10-22, published 1982-10-29), Method of continuous preparation of benzyl alcohol",
          "kind": "other",
          "locator": "Examples 1 and 2",
          "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/CS216044B1/en"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Benzyl alcohol yield on benzyl chloride, fraction of theory",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "benzyl-chloride",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:benzyl-chloride",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-carbonate",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:sodium-carbonate",
        "note": "dissolved to a 10.9 wt% solution, 10 % molar excess",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:water",
        "note": "soda solution and wash water",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "benzyl-alcohol",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:benzyl-alcohol",
        "note": "reagent grade, at least 99.8 wt%",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:wastewater",
        "note": "spent brine (its NaCl and excess soda are counted as emissions to water)",
        "role": "waste"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CO2",
        "note": "CO2 of the reacted carbonate, vented at degassing",
        "role": "emission"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "note": "core's Tier 0 default (ASSUMED, dated)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:steam",
        "note": "counted as heat delivered (kWh); the source gives energy without its carrier",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil",
      "mineral"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "extraction",
      "distillation"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "oxygenates"
  ],
  "gap_count": 3,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "benzyl-alcohol-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Abenzyl-alcohol-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Abenzyl-alcohol-1&process=benzyl-alcohol-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Abenzyl-alcohol-1&process=benzyl-alcohol-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Abenzyl-alcohol-1&process=benzyl-alcohol-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Abenzyl-alcohol-1&process=benzyl-alcohol-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Abenzyl-alcohol-1&process=benzyl-alcohol-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Abenzyl-alcohol-1&process=benzyl-alcohol-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "benzyl alcohol",
    "benzyl chloride",
    "hydrolysis",
    "sodium carbonate",
    "soda ash",
    "dibenzyl ether",
    "continuous",
    "countercurrent"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "benzyl-alcohol-continuous-soda-hydrolysis",
      "key": "feed:benzyl-chloride",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "benzyl-alcohol-continuous-soda-hydrolysis",
      "key": "output:heavy-ends",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "benzyl-alcohol-continuous-soda-hydrolysis",
      "key": "output:organic-residue",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "Rantala, R. K., Hag, G. L. F. (Eka AB) (1982) Method and apparatus for the hydrolysis of alpha-chlorinated toluene compounds. European patent application EP 0 064 486 A1, Tables 1 to 3",
      "url": "https://data.epo.org/publication-server/rest/v1.2/patents/EP0064486NWA1/document.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Buysch, H.-J. et al. (Bayer AG) (1998) Process for the continuous preparation of benzyl alcohol. US patent 5,750,801 (prior art section and Example)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US5750801A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Czechoslovak patent CS 216044 B1 (filed 1979, published 1982) Method of continuous preparation of benzyl alcohol (introduction, Examples 1 and 2; read in the machine translation of Google Patents)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/CS216044B1/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 3, ch. 2 Mineral Industry Emissions, Table 2.1 and section 2.5",
      "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/3_Volume3/V3_2_Ch2_Mineral_Industry.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/benzyl-alcohol-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Tier 0 screening per tonne of reagent-grade benzyl alcohol: feeds, by-product, water and heat from a 1982 patent's pilot example, brine and CO2 by stoichiometry, electricity from core's default. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}