{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of ethylene (the dataset's basis); the source's plant makes 200 kt/a"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "bio-ethylene-ethanol-dehydration",
      "expression": "feed:fired-heat / 0.8 / product:ethylene",
      "family": "bio-based-chemicals",
      "kpi": "bioethylene-external-fuel",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "generic",
          "technology": "ethanol dehydration, by-products fired in a gas combustor",
          "year": 2013
        },
        "id": "haro-2013-natural-gas",
        "note": "Our ratios of Table 10, case studies 3 and 4 (6 MW for 8.5 t/h and 11 MW for 15.1 t/h, HHV); the recovered hydrocarbons are fired in the plant first (section 2.1.5), as in the dataset. Cases 3 and 4 are integrated plants with the ethanol synthesis inside their boundary, so the figure may include more than the dehydration; the dehydration-only case 2 gives 718 to 732 kWh/t (see the file header).",
        "range": [
          706,
          728
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Haro, P., Ollero, P., Trippe, F. (2013) Technoeconomic assessment of potential processes for bio-ethylene production. Fuel Processing Technology 114:35-48, doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.024 (accepted manuscript)",
          "kind": "peer-reviewed",
          "locator": "Table 10, p. 18 of the manuscript; Table 4, p. 10",
          "url": "https://idus.us.es/xmlui/bitstream/11441/34971/1/Technoeconomic%20assessment%20of%20potential%20processes%20for%20bio-Ethylene%20production.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "External natural gas fired per t of bio-ethylene (fuel energy)",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "bio-ethylene-ethanol-dehydration",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / product:ethylene",
      "family": "bio-based-chemicals",
      "kpi": "bioethylene-specific-electricity",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "generic",
          "technology": "ethanol dehydration with cryogenic ethylene recovery",
          "year": 2013
        },
        "id": "haro-2013-electricity",
        "note": "Our ratios of Table 10, case studies 3 and 4 (3 MW for 8.5 t/h and 6 MW for 15.1 t/h); the MW are rounded to whole numbers. The model has a cryogenic system for the ethylene recovery (Table 6). Cases 3 and 4 are integrated plants with the ethanol synthesis inside their boundary, so the figure may include more than the dehydration; the dehydration-only case 2 gives 381 to 390 kWh/t (see the file header).",
        "range": [
          353,
          397
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Haro, P., Ollero, P., Trippe, F. (2013) Technoeconomic assessment of potential processes for bio-ethylene production. Fuel Processing Technology 114:35-48, doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.024 (accepted manuscript)",
          "kind": "peer-reviewed",
          "locator": "Table 10, p. 18 of the manuscript; Table 4, p. 10",
          "url": "https://idus.us.es/xmlui/bitstream/11441/34971/1/Technoeconomic%20assessment%20of%20potential%20processes%20for%20bio-Ethylene%20production.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of bio-ethylene",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "bio-ethylene-ethanol-dehydration",
      "expression": "feed:ethanol / product:ethylene",
      "family": "bio-based-chemicals",
      "kpi": "bioethylene-specific-ethanol",
      "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "generic",
          "technology": "ethanol dehydration, fixed bed at 613 K and 0.48 MPa, design based on a commercial technology",
          "year": 2013
        },
        "id": "haro-2013-ethanol",
        "note": "Our ratios of Table 10, case studies 3 and 4 (14.5 t/h for 8.5 t/h and 25.9 t/h for 15.1 t/h). The feed is commercial fuel-grade or anhydrous ethanol (section 2.1), with full conversion and 96.5 % carbon selectivity to ethylene (Table 4).",
        "range": [
          1.706,
          1.715
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Haro, P., Ollero, P., Trippe, F. (2013) Technoeconomic assessment of potential processes for bio-ethylene production. Fuel Processing Technology 114:35-48, doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.024 (accepted manuscript)",
          "kind": "peer-reviewed",
          "locator": "Table 10, p. 18 of the manuscript; Table 4, p. 10",
          "url": "https://idus.us.es/xmlui/bitstream/11441/34971/1/Technoeconomic%20assessment%20of%20potential%20processes%20for%20bio-Ethylene%20production.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Ethanol (counted as ethanol) per t of bio-ethylene",
      "unit": "t/t",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "ethanol",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:ethanol",
        "note": "bought hydrated bio-ethanol (93 wt% in the source), counted as ethanol; not linked to ethanol-1, which makes synthetic ethanol from ethylene",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-hydroxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:caustic-50",
        "note": "caustic wash of the CO2, 50 wt% solution counted per kg of solution; linked to chlor-alkali-1 (lca/mappings.yaml)",
        "role": "reactant"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "ethylene",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:ethylene",
        "note": "polymer grade, 99.95 vol%",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:wastewater",
        "role": "waste"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:steam",
        "note": "superheated at 11.4 bar, injected into the reactor feed 1:1 by weight; counted by mass",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "note": "simulated process units and cooling-water supply; refrigeration power not included",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "biogenic",
      "fossil",
      "electricity"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "compression",
      "absorption",
      "adsorption",
      "cryogenic-distillation"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "bio-based-chemicals"
  ],
  "gap_count": 4,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "bio-ethylene-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Abio-ethylene-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Abio-ethylene-1&process=bio-ethylene-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Abio-ethylene-1&process=bio-ethylene-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Abio-ethylene-1&process=bio-ethylene-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Abio-ethylene-1&process=bio-ethylene-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Abio-ethylene-1&process=bio-ethylene-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Abio-ethylene-1&process=bio-ethylene-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "bio-ethylene",
    "ethylene",
    "ethanol dehydration",
    "bioethanol",
    "alumina",
    "adiabatic reactor",
    "green polyethylene"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "bio-ethylene-ethanol-dehydration",
      "key": "feed:ethanol",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "bio-ethylene-ethanol-dehydration",
      "key": "feed:refrigeration",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "bio-ethylene-ethanol-dehydration",
      "key": "output:ethanol-effluent",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "bio-ethylene-ethanol-dehydration",
      "key": "output:spent-caustic",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "Arvidsson, M., Lundin, B. (2011) Process integration study of a biorefinery producing ethylene from lignocellulosic feedstock for a chemical cluster. MSc thesis, Chalmers University of Technology",
      "url": "https://odr.chalmers.se/handle/20.500.12380/140886"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.024",
      "title": "Haro, P., Ollero, P., Trippe, F. (2013) Technoeconomic assessment of potential processes for bio-ethylene production. Fuel Processing Technology 114:35-48 (accepted manuscript, idus.us.es)"
    },
    {
      "title": "IEA-ETSAP and IRENA (2013) Production of Bio-ethylene. Technology Brief I13",
      "url": "https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2013/IRENA-ETSAP-Tech-Brief-I13-Production_of_Bio-ethylene.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/bio-ethylene-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of polymer-grade ethylene from bought bio-ethanol: the ethanol feed from a published simulation's yield, by-products from the stoichiometry of its eight reactions, utilities from the same study. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Bio-ethylene by catalytic dehydration of ethanol (adiabatic fixed beds, steam dilution)",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}