{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "100 kt/a dry chlorine gas (12.5 t/h contained Cl2), ASSUMED",
    "location": "generic (not chosen)",
    "operating_hours_per_year": 8000
  },
  "benchmarks": [],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-chloride",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:SALT: rock salt, about 98.8 wt-% NaCl, 1.70 kg/kg chlorine gas",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-carbonate",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:NA2CO3: soda ash for brine treatment",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen-chloride",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:HCL: hydrochloric acid 32 wt-%, counted by mass of the solution",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-sulfite",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:NA2SO3: sodium sulfite for brine dechlorination",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sulfuric-acid",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:H2SO4: sulfuric acid 98 wt-% for chlorine drying",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:WATER",
        "note": "Make-up process water to the salt saturator, 0.93 kg/kg Cl2; demineralised water (feed:DMW, 1.12 kg/kg) to the catholyte and resin rinse",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "chlorine",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CL2",
        "note": "Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-hydroxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:NAOH",
        "note": "Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage, counted by mass of the solution",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:H2",
        "note": "29.5 g H2 per kg Cl2, water-saturated at 35 degC, 140 kPa(a)",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:WW",
        "note": "Brine purge and resin regeneration effluent, 0.49 kg/kg Cl2 with 57 g NaCl and 2.9 g Na2SO4, dechlorinated and neutral",
        "role": "waste"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:VENT",
        "note": "2.4 g/kg Cl2 from neutralising the excess soda ash in the feed brine (mineral carbon)",
        "role": "emission"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:POWER",
        "note": "2.60 kWh/kg Cl2: rectifiers 2.42 (cells 3.0 V, CE 0.965, rectifier 0.97) and auxiliaries 0.18",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:MPS",
        "note": "MP steam 1000 kPa(a): 0.70 kg/kg Cl2 for caustic evaporation and 0.28 kg/kg for feed brine heating",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CW",
        "note": "0.87 kWh/kg Cl2 removed, 25/35 degC (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "chilled-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CHW",
        "note": "Second wet chlorine cooler stage, 0.012 kWh/kg Cl2",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Rock salt is dissolved in return brine and purified (soda ash and caustic precipitation,\nfiltration, chelating ion exchange), acidified, heated and fed to bipolar membrane\nelectrolysers at 6.0 kA/m2 and 3.0 V (EU BREF 2014). The cells are balanced by cheme's\nFaraday model with a specified voltage and current efficiency (0.965; the rest forms anodic\noxygen), never a predicted one. The depleted brine is dechlorinated under vacuum and with\nsulfite, purged against sulfate and resaturated. Wet chlorine is cooled, dried with sulfuric\nacid and compressed to 400 kPa(a); hydrogen is cooled and blown to 140 kPa(a); the 32 wt-%\ncatholyte is evaporated to 50 wt-%.\n\nAll values are concept estimates from an independent balance script whose inputs are\nsourced (EU BREF 2014) or assumed; electrolyte enthalpies are not modelled, so the duties\noutside the cells are first estimates. See DESIGN.md for every decision and gated step.\n",
  "design_basis": {
    "assumptions": [
      "D-001 boundary: salt to dry compressed Cl2, 50 wt-% NaOH and wet low-pressure H2; no liquefaction, no HCl or hypochlorite production, no H2 drying",
      "D-006 the balance is a specified-split model (scripts/balance.py); electrolyte enthalpies are not modelled",
      "Construction, transport and end of life are outside the preliminary LCI (D-013)"
    ],
    "source": "process/design-basis.yaml"
  },
  "engineering": {
    "description": "",
    "name": "Chlor-alkali (membrane cell)",
    "requires": "cheme-as-code>=0.8",
    "stage": "concept",
    "stages": [
      {
        "id": "concept",
        "title": "Concept and feasibility"
      },
      {
        "id": "basic",
        "title": "Basic engineering"
      },
      {
        "id": "detail",
        "title": "Detail engineering"
      }
    ],
    "tool": "plantcode"
  },
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "mineral",
      "water",
      "electricity"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals",
      "industrial-gases"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "electrolysis",
      "precipitation",
      "filtration",
      "ion-exchange",
      "stripping",
      "absorption",
      "compression",
      "evaporation",
      "heat-exchange"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "chlor-alkali",
    "electrolysis"
  ],
  "gap_count": 0,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "chlor-alkali-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Achlor-alkali-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Achlor-alkali-1&process=chlor-alkali-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Achlor-alkali-1&process=chlor-alkali-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Achlor-alkali-1&process=chlor-alkali-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Achlor-alkali-1&process=chlor-alkali-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Achlor-alkali-1&process=chlor-alkali-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Achlor-alkali-1&process=chlor-alkali-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "chlor-alkali",
    "chlorine",
    "caustic soda",
    "sodium hydroxide",
    "hydrogen",
    "membrane cell",
    "electrolysis",
    "brine",
    "brine purification",
    "dechlorination",
    "chlorine drying",
    "caustic evaporation"
  ],
  "lca": {
    "allocation": "shares",
    "backend": "factors",
    "boundary": "gate-to-gate",
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "title": "Climate change",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "data_sources": [],
    "factors_status": "published",
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1,
      "chemical": "chlorine",
      "grade": null,
      "label": "1 kg chlorine",
      "product": "CL2",
      "product_name": "Chlorine",
      "product_title": "Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))",
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "goal": "Preliminary gate-to-gate life cycle inventory of membrane-cell chlor-alkali electrolysis for the concept stage: the foreground exchanges of the balanced flowsheet (D-006) per kg of dry chlorine gas, with caustic soda and hydrogen as co-products (mass of the contained products, D-013), ready to be linked to background datasets later. No impact assessment is claimed.",
    "inventory": [
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:SALT",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.796235,
        "title": "Rock salt",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:WATER",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.432656,
        "title": "Make-up process water",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:DMW",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.523165,
        "title": "Demineralised water",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:NA2CO3",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00358058,
        "title": "Soda ash",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:HCL",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0157789,
        "title": "Hydrochloric acid 32 wt-%",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:NA2SO3",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.000128051,
        "title": "Sodium sulfite",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:H2SO4",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00888351,
        "title": "Sulfuric acid 98 wt-%",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.20989,
        "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:MPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.255297,
        "title": "MP steam 1000 kPa(a)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CL2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.00819,
        "title": "Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a))",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:NAOH",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.23968,
        "title": "Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:H2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0434024,
        "title": "Hydrogen to the consumer or fuel (140 kPa(a))",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:SPENT",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0115532,
        "title": "Spent sulfuric acid to off-site use",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:WW",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.226141,
        "title": "Waste water to treatment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:SLUDGE",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0102061,
        "title": "Brine filter cake to landfill",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:VENT",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0010996,
        "title": "Feed brine acidification vent to air",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.40257,
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CHW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00540865,
        "title": "Chilled water return",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:CO2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0010996,
        "title": "CO2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:CaCO3",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "CaCO3 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:CaSO4",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "CaSO4 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:Cl2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "Cl2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "H2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.197873,
        "title": "H2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:HCl",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "HCl to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:MgCl2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "MgCl2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:MgOH2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "MgOH2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:Na2CO3",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "Na2CO3 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:Na2SO3",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "Na2SO3 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:Na2SO4",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00135992,
        "title": "Na2SO4 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NaCl",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0269081,
        "title": "NaCl to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NaOH",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "NaOH to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:O2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "O2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:SiO2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "SiO2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "not_computed": [],
    "publishable": false,
    "result": {
      "classification": "partial",
      "gaps": 12,
      "label": "partial screening carbon footprint",
      "publication": "public"
    },
    "sources": [
      "lca/README.md",
      "lca/dataset.yaml",
      "lca/factors.yaml",
      "lca/gaps.csv",
      "lca/inventory.csv",
      "lca/lca.yaml",
      "lca/mappings.yaml",
      "lca/results.csv",
      "lca/results.md"
    ],
    "values_withheld": "stale-run-manifest",
    "withheld_reason": "stale-run-manifest"
  },
  "lci_gaps": [],
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Artur Schweidtmann"
    }
  ],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": false,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "previews": {
      "sheets": [
        "BFD",
        "PFD"
      ],
      "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
      "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)"
    },
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "doi": "10.2791/13138",
      "title": "European Commission JRC (2014) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali (Brinkmann, Giner Santonja, Schorcht, Roudier, Delgado Sancho)"
    },
    {
      "title": "Cox, J.D., Wagman, D.D., Medvedev, V.A. (1989) CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics. Hemisphere, New York"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/chlor-alkali-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "bytes": 58225,
      "id": "BFD",
      "kind": "bfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/chlor-alkali-1/BFD.svg",
      "source": "process/BFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Block flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "bytes": 280136,
      "id": "PFD",
      "kind": "pfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/chlor-alkali-1/PFD.svg",
      "source": "process/PFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Process flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "id": "process-model",
      "kind": "process-model",
      "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Flowsheet and stream table"
    },
    {
      "id": "simulation",
      "kind": "simulation",
      "source": "process/simulation.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Process simulation"
    },
    {
      "id": "equipment-list",
      "kind": "equipment-list",
      "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Equipment list"
    },
    {
      "id": "lca",
      "kind": "lca",
      "source": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Life cycle assessment"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bipolar membrane-cell electrolysis of recirculated rock-salt brine to dry chlorine gas, 50 wt-% caustic soda and hydrogen, with brine purification, dechlorination, chlorine drying and compression and double-effect caustic evaporation. Concept stage, balanced PFD and a preliminary unallocated gate-to-gate inventory.",
  "title": "Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)",
  "validation": {
    "notes": "Concept PFD with closed mass, component and element balances in every block and step (cheme validate, cheme process streams; reactive extents agree with the elements). The electrolysers are checked by cheme process cell (specified 3.0 V, CE 0.965, side reaction O2): DC 2 351 kWh/t Cl2, AC 2 423 kWh/t with rectifier losses, inside the EU BREF 2014 Table 3.10 bipolar range 2 279-2 865. The other units are specified values of scripts/balance.py; energy balances outside the cell are not evaluable in core (no property package for NaCl/NaOH electrolytes). Consumptions per t Cl2 (salt 1.71 t, steam 0.98 t, HCl 10.9 kg, Na2CO3 7.7 kg, H2SO4 18.7 kg, purge 0.33 m3) fall inside the BREF 2014 Chapter 3 ranges, which is a plausibility check, not a validation. Main products and feeds are listed under chemistry with their chemicals registry entries (issue #251). cheme maturity reaches no level yet: the feed flows are design choices (ASSUMED, not sourced or owner-given) and the treatment steps are specified values. Not reviewed.",
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": {
    "commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "dirty": false,
    "sheets": [
      "process/BFD.xml",
      "process/PFD.xml"
    ],
    "skipped": [],
    "snapshot": "snapshots/chlor-alkali-1/",
    "stale": false,
    "tool": "cheme-as-code 1.6.0",
    "views": [
      "checks",
      "streams"
    ]
  }
}