{ "authors": [], "basis": null, "benchmarks": [], "chemistry": { "inputs": [ { "chemical": "carbon-dioxide", "grade": "liquid", "inventory_key": "feed:CO2", "note": "humidified CO2 to the cathode at 10 sccm/cm2; pilot skids: merchant liquefied CO2, fossil by-product (ASSUMED, D-016), 0.95 of the unreacted CO2 recycled by the PSA: 3.54 kg fed per kg CO", "role": "feedstock" }, { "chemical": "potassium-hydroxide", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "feed:KOH-FILL", "note": "anolyte fill, counted as 1 M KOH solution (lca/mappings.yaml): Skid A one fill per campaign (0.65 kg KOH per kg CO), Skid B its 50 L (0.028 kg per kg CO at 1,000 h)", "role": "feedstock" }, { "chemical": "potassium-hydroxide", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "feed:KOH-DOSE", "note": "Skid B's continuous dosing, counted as 5 M KOH solution (lca/mappings.yaml): 1.17 kg KOH per kg CO", "role": "feedstock" }, { "chemical": "water", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "feed:WATER", "note": "humidification and Skid B's anolyte make-up", "role": "feedstock" } ], "outputs": [ { "chemical": "carbon-monoxide", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "product:CO", "note": "0.100 kg/h at >= 0.99 mol/mol dry and 5.0 bar(a) at the skid boundary (ASSUMED pilot duty, D-008); the LCA's functional unit is 1 kg of the contained CO (D-024)", "role": "main-product" }, { "chemical": "hydrogen", "grade": null, "note": "competing hydrogen evolution at the cathode; burnt with the PSA tail gas in the skids' oxidiser (D-012), so no product in the LCA (allocation none, D-024; recovering it is a sensitivity)", "role": "co-product" }, { "chemical": "oxygen", "grade": null, "note": "anode product, vented from the anolyte reservoir: an emission without burden or credit in the LCA (D-024)", "role": "co-product" }, { "chemical": "wastewater", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "product:SPENT", "note": "the spent anolyte at the end of a campaign (KOH and K2CO3), hazardous alkaline waste to neutralisation (D-024)", "role": "waste" }, { "chemical": "wastewater", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "product:BLEED", "note": "Skid B's anolyte bleed (KOH and K2CO3) to the site effluent after neutralisation (D-024)", "role": "waste" }, { "chemical": "wastewater", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "product:CONDENSATE", "note": "the cathode condensate with the K+ crossed as K2CO3 (D-024)", "role": "waste" } ], "utilities": [ { "chemical": "electricity", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "feed:POWER", "note": "AC to the rectifiers (DC to the cells over 0.95) and the auxiliaries: 34.6 kWh per kg CO", "role": "utility" }, { "chemical": "cooling-water", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "product:CW", "note": "the stack heat to the site cooling water (kWh)", "role": "utility" } ] }, "description": "The case starts from the experiments of Prats Vergel, Vermaas, Burdyny and colleagues\n(Nature Chemical Engineering 2025; 4TU dataset v1, CC BY 4.0). A 5 cm2 membrane electrode\nassembly reduces humidified CO2 to CO and H2 at a silver gas-diffusion cathode. A Fumasep\nbipolar membrane in reverse bias supplies protons to the cathode and hydroxide to a Ni foam\nanode in a recirculated KOH anolyte. Co-ions leak through it: K+ to the cathode, carbonate\nto the anolyte. That leak, one minus the water dissociation efficiency (WDE), acidifies the\nanolyte over time.\n\nAt this stage the folder holds:\n- the measured cell configuration;\n- the WDE series in 1 M KOH (25 to 250 mA/cm2), rebuilt from the raw titration sheets by\n scripts/adapt_4tu.py;\n- the measured series of the same 18 runs (cell voltage, CO and H2 Faradaic efficiency, WDE),\n rebuilt from the raw chronopotentiometry, flow-meter, GC and titration files\n (experiments/electrochemistry/rbpm-1m-koh.yaml);\n- the cell balance of the bench cell at 200 mA/cm2 on those measurements (process/cells.yaml);\n- a labelled cell cross-section;\n- two pilot skids of 0.100 kg/h CO (#330), each four stacks of seven 100 cm2 cells on a 48 V\n bus: Skid A on one fill of 1 M KOH sized to reach pH 12 at the end of the campaign, Skid B\n on 50 L held steady by continuous 5 M KOH dosing, bleed and make-up; their duties, stacks,\n flowsheet (two trains, two cases), P&IDs, lists, control, layout and the calculation\n records of the 1,000 h and 10,000 h scenarios, all regenerated by scripts/regen.py.\n\nEvery skid number rests on ASSUMED inputs (product duty, recovery, envelope, setpoints) and on\nthe 1 h measurements in fresh 1 M KOH held over the whole campaign by assumption.\n\nThe independent reproduction of the published series and model is a separate, held-out\nbenchmark (benchmarks/reproductions/vermaas-rbpm-wde, ADR 0030 and 0032). The LCI and a\nclimate-change screening of both skids per kg CO delivered (#331, part of it; tracker core#136)\nare in lca/: the unallocated datasets of both designs, reconciled with the duty totals, and the\ngaps that leave the comparison of the skids open.\n", "design_basis": { "assumptions": [ "Stability criterion: anolyte pH 12, the authors' criterion (Methods). That pH 12 protects a Ni anode is ASSUMED after the authors; it is a stated threshold, not a predicted corrosion onset (DESIGN.md D-003)." ], "source": "process/design-basis.yaml" }, "engineering": { "description": "CO2 electrolysis to CO in a reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cell: measured bench cell (#329), pilot skids planned (#330, tracker core#136)", "name": "co2-electrolysis-bpm-1", "requires": "cheme-as-code>=1.5", "stage": "concept", "stages": [ { "id": "concept", "title": "Concept and feasibility" }, { "id": "basic", "title": "Basic engineering" }, { "id": "detail", "title": "Detail engineering" } ], "tool": "plantcode" }, "facets": { "feedstock_basis": [ "fossil", "water", "electricity" ], "product_classes": [ "industrial-gases", "chemicals" ], "region": "generic", "unit_operations": [ "electrolysis", "adsorption" ] }, "families": [ "electrolysis" ], "gap_count": 12, "gates": null, "id": "co2-electrolysis-bpm-1", "issues": { "closed_count": 0, "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Aco2-electrolysis-bpm-1%22", "new": { "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Aco2-electrolysis-bpm-1&process=co2-electrolysis-bpm-1", "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Aco2-electrolysis-bpm-1&process=co2-electrolysis-bpm-1", "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Aco2-electrolysis-bpm-1&process=co2-electrolysis-bpm-1", "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Aco2-electrolysis-bpm-1&process=co2-electrolysis-bpm-1", "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Aco2-electrolysis-bpm-1&process=co2-electrolysis-bpm-1", "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Aco2-electrolysis-bpm-1&process=co2-electrolysis-bpm-1" }, "open": [], "open_by_gate": {}, "open_count": 0, "private": false, "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library" }, "keywords": [ "CO2 electrolysis", "CO2 reduction", "carbon monoxide", "bipolar membrane", "reverse bias", "water dissociation efficiency", "MEA", "gas diffusion electrode", "silver catalyst", "KOH anolyte", "nickel anode", "anolyte acidification" ], "lca": { "allocation": "none", "backend": "factors", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate", "categories": [ { "id": "climate-change", "method": "GWP100", "title": "Climate change", "unit": "kg CO2-eq" } ], "contributions": [ { "basis": "ember-2025:electricity-nl", "category": "climate-change", "impact": 8.76624, "key": "feed:POWER", "phase": "operation", "share": 0.8366, "status": "PROXY" }, { "basis": "ipcc2021-gwp100 (124-38-9, air, fossil)", "category": "climate-change", "impact": 1.71183, "key": "emission:CO2", "phase": "operation", "share": 0.1634, "status": "PUBLISHED" }, { "basis": "water-supply-gb-kg", "category": "climate-change", "impact": 0.00049605, "key": "feed:WATER", "phase": "operation", "share": 0.0, "status": "PROXY" } ], "data_sources": [ { "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 (UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2026, DESNZ).", "id": "desnz-ghg-2026", "licence": "OGL-3.0", "provider": "UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)", "publication": "public", "title": "UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2026 (flat file)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2026", "version": "2026 v1.2 (flat file republished 2026-07-31)" }, { "attribution": "Ember (2026), Yearly Electricity Data (release 2026-09-15), https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); subset, converted to kg CO2e/kWh.", "id": "ember-2025", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "provider": "Ember", "publication": "public", "title": "Ember Yearly Electricity Data (global): emissions intensity of generation", "url": "https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/", "version": "release of 2026-09-15 (downloaded 2026-10-25), data year 2025" } ], "design_cases": [ { "applicability": { "limitations": "5 to 100 cm2 scale-up and campaign duration extrapolated", "range": "200 mA/cm2, 25 C, fresh 1 M KOH", "source": "the measured series, experiments/electrochemistry/rbpm-1m-koh.yaml" }, "capacity": "0.100 kg/h CO, >=99 mol% dry, 5.0 bar(a)", "description": "Skid A runs: 4 x 7 cells at 200 mA/cm2 on one fill of 1 M KOH that lasts the campaign (duty D-A); train B idle", "extrapolated": false, "foreground": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.356313, "key": "feed:CO2", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016)", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.2243, "key": "feed:KOH-FILL", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "1 M KOH fill (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.0, "key": "feed:KOH-DOSE", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "5 M KOH solution (Skid B dosing)", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.261215, "key": "feed:WATER", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Demineralised water (humidification, make-up)", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.853699, "key": "feed:AIR", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Air to the tail-gas oxidiser", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 3.4813, "key": "feed:POWER", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "type": "input", "unit": "kWh" }, { "amount": 0.10081, "key": "product:CO", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a)", "type": "product", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.07436, "key": "product:VENT", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Oxidiser flue gas to air", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.157538, "key": "product:O2VENT", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Anode O2 vented from the reservoir", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.0, "key": "product:BLEED", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Anolyte bleed to the site effluent (Skid B)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.23193, "key": "product:SPENT", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Spent anolyte at the end of the campaign (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.130898, "key": "product:CONDENSATE", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Cathode condensate with carbonate to the site effluent", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 2.22679, "key": "product:CW", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "output", "unit": "kWh" }, { "amount": 0.172444, "key": "emission:CO2", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "emission", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.147628, "key": "emission:H2O", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "H2O to the environment", "type": "emission", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.654865, "key": "emission:N2", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "N2 to the environment", "type": "emission", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.256955, "key": "emission:O2", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "O2 to the environment", "type": "emission", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.4e-05, "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.4e-05, "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Disposal: Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 (incineration of spent ion-exchange membrane)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gde-ag", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Disposal: Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (silver recovery by a precious-metal refiner)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 7e-06, "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 7e-06, "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "key": "disposal:consumable.anode-ni-foam", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Disposal: Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (nickel scrap to recycling)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" } ], "fingerprint": "sha256:3340ca6bae0c45fce40d0359aa4bf7a572fcdb244495a5252a48a09be3be112c", "layer": "foreground" }, "id": "skid-a", "provenance": "calculated", "source": "scripts/skid_balance.py" }, { "applicability": { "limitations": "5 to 100 cm2 scale-up and campaign duration extrapolated", "range": "200 mA/cm2, 25 C, fresh 1 M KOH", "source": "the measured series, experiments/electrochemistry/rbpm-1m-koh.yaml" }, "capacity": "0.100 kg/h CO, >=99 mol% dry, 5.0 bar(a)", "description": "Skid B runs: 4 x 7 cells at 200 mA/cm2 on 50 L held at 0.5 mol/L OH- by continuous 5 M KOH dosing, bleed and make-up (duty D-B); train A idle", "extrapolated": false, "foreground": { "basis": "1 h of operation", "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant", "exchanges": [ { "amount": 0.356313, "key": "feed:CO2", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016)", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.0525, "key": "feed:KOH-FILL", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "1 M KOH fill (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.511398, "key": "feed:KOH-DOSE", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "5 M KOH solution (Skid B dosing)", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.70378, "key": "feed:WATER", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Demineralised water (humidification, make-up)", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.853699, "key": "feed:AIR", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Air to the tail-gas oxidiser", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 3.48165, "key": "feed:POWER", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "type": "input", "unit": "kWh" }, { "amount": 0.10081, "key": "product:CO", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a)", "type": "product", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.07436, "key": "product:VENT", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Oxidiser flue gas to air", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.157538, "key": "product:O2VENT", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Anode O2 vented from the reservoir", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.96152, "key": "product:BLEED", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Anolyte bleed to the site effluent (Skid B)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.0525659, "key": "product:SPENT", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Spent anolyte at the end of the campaign (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.130898, "key": "product:CONDENSATE", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Cathode condensate with carbonate to the site effluent", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 2.22679, "key": "product:CW", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Cooling water return", "type": "output", "unit": "kWh" }, { "amount": 0.172444, "key": "emission:CO2", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "CO2 to the environment", "type": "emission", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.147628, "key": "emission:H2O", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "H2O to the environment", "type": "emission", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.654865, "key": "emission:N2", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "N2 to the environment", "type": "emission", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 0.256955, "key": "emission:O2", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "O2 to the environment", "type": "emission", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.4e-05, "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 1.4e-05, "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Disposal: Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 (incineration of spent ion-exchange membrane)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gde-ag", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Disposal: Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (silver recovery by a precious-metal refiner)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 7e-06, "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 7e-06, "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "type": "input", "unit": "kg" }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "key": "disposal:consumable.anode-ni-foam", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "title": "Disposal: Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (nickel scrap to recycling)", "type": "output", "unit": "kg" } ], "fingerprint": "sha256:d12b2a98f79a40a16ccfeeb179ebfc98ce5a755196452d25672121b1a7175287", "layer": "foreground" }, "id": "skid-b", "provenance": "calculated", "source": "scripts/skid_balance.py" } ], "factors_status": "mixed", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1, "chemical": "carbon-monoxide", "grade": null, "label": "1 kg carbon monoxide", "product": "CO", "product_name": "Carbon monoxide", "product_title": "CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a)", "unit": "kg" }, "goal": "Screening carbon footprint (climate change only) and a reconciled life cycle inventory of the two CO2-to-CO pilot skids of #330 per kg of CO delivered, for the 1,000 h design campaign: Skid A on one 1 M KOH fill (case skid-a, this study's case) and Skid B on continuous 5 M KOH dosing (case skid-b, its own dataset and scenarios). It serves the comparison of the two anolyte regimes and shows which flows decide it; it is no comparative assertion (ISO 14044 6, no critical review), and the ranking stays undetermined while the flows that distinguish the skids have no factor (DESIGN.md D-026).", "inventory": [ { "direction": "input", "key": "feed:CO2", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 3.53707, "title": "Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "feed:KOH-FILL", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 12.1535, "title": "1 M KOH fill (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "feed:KOH-DOSE", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 0.0, "title": "5 M KOH solution (Skid B dosing)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "feed:WATER", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 2.59305, "title": "Demineralised water (humidification, make-up)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "feed:AIR", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 8.47457, "title": "Air to the tail-gas oxidiser", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "feed:POWER", "kind": "energy", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 34.5585, "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "unit": "kWh" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "product:CO", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 1.00073, "title": "CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "product:VENT", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 10.665, "title": "Oxidiser flue gas to air", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "product:O2VENT", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 1.56386, "title": "Anode O2 vented from the reservoir", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "product:BLEED", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 0.0, "title": "Anolyte bleed to the site effluent (Skid B)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "product:SPENT", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 12.2292, "title": "Spent anolyte at the end of the campaign (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "product:CONDENSATE", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 1.29941, "title": "Cathode condensate with carbonate to the site effluent", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "product:CW", "kind": "energy", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 22.105, "title": "Cooling water return", "unit": "kWh" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "emission:CO2", "kind": "emission", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 1.71183, "title": "CO2 to the environment", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "emission:H2O", "kind": "emission", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 1.46549, "title": "H2O to the environment", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "emission:N2", "kind": "emission", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 6.50076, "title": "N2 to the environment", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "emission:O2", "kind": "emission", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 2.55076, "title": "O2 to the environment", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 0.000138976, "title": "Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 0.000138976, "title": "Disposal: Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 (incineration of spent ion-exchange membrane)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 7.2893e-07, "title": "Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gde-ag", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 7.2893e-07, "title": "Disposal: Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (silver recovery by a precious-metal refiner)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 6.94881e-05, "title": "Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 6.94881e-05, "title": "Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery)", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "input", "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 0.000243208, "title": "Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg" }, { "direction": "output", "key": "disposal:consumable.anode-ni-foam", "kind": "material", "phase": "operation", "provenance": "assumed", "quantity": 0.000243208, "title": "Disposal: Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (nickel scrap to recycling)", "unit": "kg" } ], "no_total": {}, "not_computed": [], "pcf": [], "publishable": true, "result": { "classification": "partial", "gaps": 13, "label": "partial screening carbon footprint", "publication": "public" }, "scenarios": [ { "allocation": { "method": "none", "shares": { "CO": 1.0 } }, "boundary": "cradle-to-gate", "categories": [ { "id": "climate-change", "method": "GWP100", "unit": "kg CO2-eq" } ], "classification": "partial", "comparability": { "compared": [], "reasons": [], "verdict": "baseline" }, "comparable": true, "design_case": "skid-a", "dropped": [], "electricity": null, "foreground_fingerprint": "sha256:3340ca6bae0c45fce40d0359aa4bf7a572fcdb244495a5252a48a09be3be112c", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1.0, "kg": 1.000727013, "product": "CO", "reference_amount": { "unit": "kg", "value": 1.000727013 }, "unit": "kg" }, "gaps": 13, "id": "baseline", "kind": "baseline", "layers": { "foreground": "foreground", "impacts": "characterized-impact", "linked_inventory": "linked-inventory" }, "links": [ { "amount": 0.356313, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)", "key": "feed:CO2", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.2243, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %, membrane-cell electrolysis of KCl); the exchange counts the 1 M fill solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 95 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "key": "feed:KOH-FILL", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %, membrane-cell electrolysis of KCl); the exchange counts the 1 M fill solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 95 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "1 M KOH fill (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.0, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %); the exchange counts the 5 M dosing solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 77 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "key": "feed:KOH-DOSE", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %); the exchange counts the 5 M dosing solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 77 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "5 M KOH solution (Skid B dosing)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.261215, "background": "water-supply-gb-kg", "baseline": "factor:water-supply-gb-kg", "key": "feed:WATER", "location": "GB", "note": "UK mains water supply stands in for demineralised water in NL: the demineralisation (ion exchange or reverse osmosis) is not counted (DESIGN.md D-026)", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": { "gases": "co2e", "gwp": "AR4/AR5" }, "source_id": "desnz-ghg-2026", "state": "proxy", "status": "PROXY", "title": "Demineralised water (humidification, make-up)", "unit": "kg", "year": 2026 }, { "amount": 0.853699, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "feed:AIR", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "Air to the tail-gas oxidiser", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 3.4813, "background": "ember-2025:electricity-nl", "baseline": "factor:ember-2025:electricity-nl", "key": "feed:POWER", "location": "NL", "note": "Ember's life-cycle intensity of NL gross generation (no T&D losses) stands in for the AC grid supply at the skid (at the consumer); the same profile for every electricity-mix scenario, so the electricity pair of each differs in no dimension (their verdict is proxy through the water background, DESIGN.md D-026)", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": { "accounting": "generation", "basis": "life-cycle", "delivery": "generation", "gases": "co2e", "gwp": "mixed", "mix": "grid-average" }, "source_id": "ember-2025", "state": "proxy", "status": "PROXY", "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "unit": "kWh", "year": 2025 }, { "amount": 1.07436, "background": null, "baseline": "emission", "key": "product:VENT", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "released", "status": null, "title": "Oxidiser flue gas to air", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.157538, "background": null, "baseline": "emission", "key": "product:O2VENT", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "released", "status": null, "title": "Anode O2 vented from the reservoir", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.0, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of an alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "key": "product:BLEED", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of an alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Anolyte bleed to the site effluent (Skid B)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.23193, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of a spent alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "key": "product:SPENT", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of a spent alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Spent anolyte at the end of the campaign (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.130898, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of the cathode's potassium carbonate condensate; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "key": "product:CONDENSATE", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of the cathode's potassium carbonate condensate; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Cathode condensate with carbonate to the site effluent", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 2.22679, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: heat rejected to the site cooling water: no open factor for the circuit's pumps, fans, make-up water and treatment; the skids' own power counts the anolyte pump only", "key": "product:CW", "location": null, "note": "heat rejected to the site cooling water: no open factor for the circuit's pumps, fans, make-up water and treatment; the skids' own power counts the anolyte pump only", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Cooling water return", "unit": "kWh", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.172444, "background": "ipcc2021-gwp100 (124-38-9, air, fossil)", "baseline": "elementary:air, fossil", "key": "emission:CO2", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": "method:ipcc2021", "state": "linked", "status": "PUBLISHED", "title": "CO2 to the environment", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.147628, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "emission:H2O", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "H2O to the environment", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.654865, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "emission:N2", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "N2 to the environment", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.256955, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "emission:O2", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "O2 to the environment", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.4e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for a bipolar ion-exchange membrane", "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for a bipolar ion-exchange membrane", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.4e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the incineration of a spent ion-exchange membrane", "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for the incineration of a spent ion-exchange membrane", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 (incineration of spent ion-exchange membrane)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer", "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gde-ag", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (silver recovery by a precious-metal refiner)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7e-06, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer", "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7e-06, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)", "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "disposal:consumable.anode-ni-foam", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (nickel scrap to recycling)", "unit": "kg", "year": null } ], "location": "NL", "notes": [], "partial_categories": [ "climate-change" ], "publication": { "policy": "public", "publishable": true, "restricted_by": [] }, "reasons": [ "13 exchanges without a burden in some category", "factors PROXY", "climate categories only: a carbon footprint, not a multi-impact LCA", "geography mismatch", "method mix mismatch" ], "record": "scenarios/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/baseline.json", "record_id": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each/skid-a/baseline", "relation": "baseline", "source": null, "stale": false, "title": null, "totals": { "climate-change": 10.4786 }, "warnings": [ "1 factors represent another geography than the plant's (NL): water-supply-gb-kg", "climate-change: the contributions rest on different characterisation methods: AR4/AR5; AR6; mixed" ], "withheld_reason": null, "year": 2026 }, { "allocation": { "method": "none", "shares": { "CO": 1.0 } }, "boundary": "cradle-to-gate", "categories": [ { "id": "climate-change", "method": "GWP100", "unit": "kg CO2-eq" } ], "classification": "partial", "comparability": { "compared": [ { "baseline": "ember-2025:electricity-nl", "differences": [ { "baseline": "life-cycle", "dimension": "basis", "kind": "differs", "scenario": "direct+upstream", "severity": "hard" }, { "baseline": "generation", "dimension": "accounting", "kind": "undeclared", "scenario": null, "severity": "soft" }, { "baseline": "generation", "dimension": "delivery", "kind": "differs", "scenario": "consumer", "severity": "soft" }, { "baseline": "mixed", "dimension": "gwp", "kind": "differs", "scenario": "AR4/AR5", "severity": "soft" } ], "scenario": "desnz-ghg-2026:electricity-gb", "years": { "baseline": "year", "scenario": "data_year" } } ], "reasons": [ "desnz-ghg-2026:electricity-gb against ember-2025:electricity-nl: basis differs (life-cycle / direct+upstream)", "desnz-ghg-2026:electricity-gb against ember-2025:electricity-nl: accounting is not declared on one side (generation / None)", "desnz-ghg-2026:electricity-gb against ember-2025:electricity-nl: delivery differs (generation / consumer)", "desnz-ghg-2026:electricity-gb against ember-2025:electricity-nl: gwp differs (mixed / AR4/AR5)" ], "verdict": "not comparable" }, "comparable": true, "design_case": "skid-a", "dropped": [], "electricity": "grid-average", "foreground_fingerprint": "sha256:3340ca6bae0c45fce40d0359aa4bf7a572fcdb244495a5252a48a09be3be112c", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1.0, "kg": 1.000727013, "product": "CO", "reference_amount": { "unit": "kg", "value": 1.000727013 }, "unit": "kg" }, "gaps": 13, "id": "desnz-gb", "kind": "background", "layers": { "foreground": "foreground", "impacts": "characterized-impact", "linked_inventory": "linked-inventory" }, "links": [ { "amount": 0.356313, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)", "key": "feed:CO2", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.2243, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %, membrane-cell electrolysis of KCl); the exchange counts the 1 M fill solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 95 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "key": "feed:KOH-FILL", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 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null } ], "location": "FR", "notes": [ "background sensitivity: the foreground is the baseline's; physical flows and duties are unchanged" ], "partial_categories": [ "climate-change" ], "publication": { "policy": "public", "publishable": true, "restricted_by": [] }, "reasons": [ "13 exchanges without a burden in some category", "factors PROXY", "climate categories only: a carbon footprint, not a multi-impact LCA", "method mix mismatch" ], "record": "scenarios/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/mix-fr.json", "record_id": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each/skid-a/mix-fr", "relation": "unchanged", "source": "Ember 2025, France gross generation, life cycle", "stale": false, "title": "Skid A, French grid", "totals": { "climate-change": 3.13697 }, "warnings": [ "climate-change: the contributions rest on different characterisation methods: AR4/AR5; AR6; mixed" ], "withheld_reason": null, "year": 2025 }, { "allocation": { "method": "none", "shares": 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"baseline": "missing: no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer", "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gde-ag", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (silver recovery by a precious-metal refiner)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7e-06, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer", "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7e-06, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)", "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "disposal:consumable.anode-ni-foam", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (nickel scrap to recycling)", "unit": "kg", "year": null } ], "location": "FR", "notes": [ "design case skid-b: the foreground was derived from that flowsheet case, not scaled from the baseline" ], "partial_categories": [ "climate-change" ], "publication": { "policy": "public", "publishable": true, "restricted_by": [] }, "reasons": [ "13 exchanges without a burden in some category", "factors PROXY", "climate categories only: a carbon footprint, not a multi-impact LCA", "method mix mismatch" ], "record": "scenarios/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/skid-b-mix-fr.json", "record_id": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each/skid-b/skid-b-mix-fr", "relation": "design-case", "source": "flowsheet case skid-b; Ember 2025, France", "stale": false, "title": "Skid B, French grid", "totals": { "climate-change": 3.13985 }, "warnings": [ "climate-change: the contributions rest on different characterisation methods: AR4/AR5; AR6; mixed" ], "withheld_reason": null, "year": 2025 }, { "allocation": { "method": "none", "shares": { "CO": 1.0 } }, "boundary": "cradle-to-gate", "categories": [ { "id": "climate-change", "method": "GWP100", "unit": "kg CO2-eq" } ], "classification": "partial", "comparability": { "compared": [ { "baseline": "ember-2025:electricity-nl", "differences": [], "scenario": "ember-2025:electricity-glo" } ], "reasons": [ "declared proxy: feed:WATER" ], "verdict": "proxy" }, "comparable": true, "design_case": "skid-b", "dropped": [], "electricity": "grid-average", "foreground_fingerprint": "sha256:d12b2a98f79a40a16ccfeeb179ebfc98ce5a755196452d25672121b1a7175287", "functional_unit": { "amount": 1.0, "kg": 1.000727013, "product": "CO", "reference_amount": { "unit": "kg", "value": 1.000727013 }, "unit": "kg" }, "gaps": 13, "id": "skid-b-mix-glo", "kind": "design-case", "layers": { "foreground": "foreground", "impacts": "characterized-impact", "linked_inventory": "linked-inventory" }, "links": [ { "amount": 0.356313, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)", "key": "feed:CO2", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.0525, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %, membrane-cell electrolysis of KCl); the exchange counts the 1 M fill solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 95 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "key": "feed:KOH-FILL", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %, membrane-cell electrolysis of KCl); the exchange counts the 1 M fill solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 95 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "1 M KOH fill (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.511398, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %); the exchange counts the 5 M dosing solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 77 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "key": "feed:KOH-DOSE", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %); the exchange counts the 5 M dosing solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 77 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "5 M KOH solution (Skid B dosing)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.70378, "background": "water-supply-gb-kg", "baseline": "factor:water-supply-gb-kg", "key": "feed:WATER", "location": "GB", "note": "UK mains water stands in for demineralised water anywhere", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": { "gases": "co2e", "gwp": "AR4/AR5" }, "source_id": "desnz-ghg-2026", "state": "proxy", "status": "PROXY", "title": "Demineralised water (humidification, make-up)", "unit": "kg", "year": 2026 }, { "amount": 0.853699, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "feed:AIR", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "Air to the tail-gas oxidiser", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 3.48165, "background": "ember-2025:electricity-glo", "baseline": "factor:ember-2025:electricity-nl", "key": "feed:POWER", "location": "GLO", "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": true, "scope": { "accounting": "generation", "basis": "life-cycle", "delivery": "generation", "gases": "co2e", "gwp": "mixed", "mix": "grid-average" }, "source_id": "ember-2025", "state": "linked", "status": "PUBLISHED", "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)", "unit": "kWh", "year": 2025 }, { "amount": 1.07436, "background": null, "baseline": "emission", "key": "product:VENT", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "released", "status": null, "title": "Oxidiser flue gas to air", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.157538, "background": null, "baseline": "emission", "key": "product:O2VENT", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "released", "status": null, "title": "Anode O2 vented from the reservoir", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.96152, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of an alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "key": "product:BLEED", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of an alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Anolyte bleed to the site effluent (Skid B)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.0525659, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of a spent alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "key": "product:SPENT", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of a spent alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Spent anolyte at the end of the campaign (campaign-averaged, D-011)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.130898, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of the cathode's potassium carbonate condensate; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "key": "product:CONDENSATE", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of the cathode's potassium carbonate condensate; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Cathode condensate with carbonate to the site effluent", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 2.22679, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: heat rejected to the site cooling water: no open factor for the circuit's pumps, fans, make-up water and treatment; the skids' own power counts the anolyte pump only", "key": "product:CW", "location": null, "note": "heat rejected to the site cooling water: no open factor for the circuit's pumps, fans, make-up water and treatment; the skids' own power counts the anolyte pump only", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Cooling water return", "unit": "kWh", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.172444, "background": "ipcc2021-gwp100 (124-38-9, air, fossil)", "baseline": "elementary:air, fossil", "key": "emission:CO2", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": "method:ipcc2021", "state": "linked", "status": "PUBLISHED", "title": "CO2 to the environment", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.147628, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "emission:H2O", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "H2O to the environment", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.654865, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "emission:N2", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "N2 to the environment", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 0.256955, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "emission:O2", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "O2 to the environment", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.4e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for a bipolar ion-exchange membrane", "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for a bipolar ion-exchange membrane", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 1.4e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the incineration of a spent ion-exchange membrane", "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for the incineration of a spent ion-exchange membrane", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 (incineration of spent ion-exchange membrane)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer", "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7.343e-08, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gde-ag", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (silver recovery by a precious-metal refiner)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7e-06, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer", "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 7e-06, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery)", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "missing: no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)", "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam", "location": null, "note": "no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)", "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "missing", "status": null, "title": "Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2", "unit": "kg", "year": null }, { "amount": 2.45e-05, "background": null, "baseline": "free", "key": "disposal:consumable.anode-ni-foam", "location": null, "note": null, "phase": "operation", "replaced": false, "scope": null, "source_id": null, "state": "free", "status": null, "title": "Disposal: Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (nickel scrap to recycling)", "unit": "kg", "year": null } ], "location": "GLO", "notes": [ "design case skid-b: the foreground was derived from that flowsheet case, not scaled from the baseline" ], "partial_categories": [ "climate-change" ], "publication": { "policy": "public", "publishable": true, "restricted_by": [] }, "reasons": [ "13 exchanges without a burden in some category", "factors PROXY", "climate categories only: a carbon footprint, not a multi-impact LCA", "method mix mismatch" ], "record": "scenarios/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/skid-b-mix-glo.json", "record_id": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each/skid-b/skid-b-mix-glo", "relation": "design-case", "source": "flowsheet case skid-b; Ember 2025, world", "stale": false, "title": "Skid B, world average grid", "totals": { "climate-change": 17.6167 }, "warnings": [ "climate-change: the contributions rest on different characterisation methods: AR4/AR5; AR6; mixed" ], "withheld_reason": null, "year": 2025 } ], "sources": [ "lca/README.md", "lca/dataset.yaml", "lca/factors.yaml", "lca/gaps.csv", "lca/inventory.csv", "lca/lca.yaml", "lca/mappings.yaml", "lca/results.csv", "lca/results.md" ], "technology": "CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (Ag gas-diffusion cathode, Ni foam anode, KOH anolyte), 28 cells of 100 cm2 in four stacks on a 48 V DC bus at 200 mA/cm2, PSA gas conditioning with 0.95 CO2 recycle and tail-gas oxidation; Skid A one 1 M KOH fill per campaign, Skid B continuous 5 M KOH dosing, bleed and make-up", "totals": { "baseline": { "climate-change": 10.4786 }, "desnz-gb": { "climate-change": 8.08353 }, "mix-de": { "climate-change": 13.2589 }, "mix-eu27": { "climate-change": 8.98813 }, "mix-fr": { "climate-change": 3.13697 }, "mix-glo": { "climate-change": 17.6124 }, "skid-b": { "climate-change": 10.4822 }, "skid-b-mix-de": { "climate-change": 13.2628 }, "skid-b-mix-eu27": { "climate-change": 8.9916 }, "skid-b-mix-fr": { "climate-change": 3.13985 }, "skid-b-mix-glo": { "climate-change": 17.6167 } }, "withheld_reason": null }, "lci_gaps": [ { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each", "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each", "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm", "link": "technosphere", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each", "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each", "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon", "link": "technosphere", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each", "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b", "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b", "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm", "link": "technosphere", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b", "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b", "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b", "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon", "link": "technosphere", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b", "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" } ], "maintainers": [ { "name": "Artur Schweidtmann" } ], "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "provenance": { "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174", "previews": { "sheets": [ "BFD", "PFD", "P-01", "P-02" ], "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174", "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)" }, "previews_stale": false, "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174" }, "publication": { "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "status": "public" }, "references": [ { "doi": "10.1038/s44286-025-00306-7", "title": "Prats Vergel, G., Mu, H., Kolobov, N., Biemolt, J., Vermaas, D.A., Burdyny, T. (2025) Water dissociation efficiencies control the viability of reverse-bias bipolar membranes for CO2 electrolysis. Nature Chemical Engineering" }, { "doi": "10.4121/5c4fc325-a71b-4ca8-9c1b-01c0405936a2.v1", "title": "Prats Vergel, G. et al. (2025) Data underlying the publication: Water Dissociation Efficiencies control the viability of reverse-bias bipolar membranes for CO2 electrolysis. 4TU.ResearchData, version 1 (CC BY 4.0)" } ], "repository": { "access": "public", "path": "processes/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1", "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library" }, "representations": [ { "bytes": 45269, "id": "BFD", "kind": "bfd", "preview": "artifacts/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/BFD.svg", "source": "process/BFD.xml", "status": "preview", "title": "Block flow diagram, pilot skids A and B (#330)" }, { "bytes": 200568, "id": "PFD", "kind": "pfd", "preview": "artifacts/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/PFD.svg", "source": "process/PFD.xml", "status": "preview", "title": "Process flow diagram, pilot skids A and B (#330)" }, { "bytes": 115266, "id": "P-01", "kind": "pid", "preview": "artifacts/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/P-01.svg", "source": "pid/P-01.xml", "status": "preview", "title": "Pilot skid A, one KOH fill" }, { "bytes": 136379, "id": "P-02", "kind": "pid", "preview": "artifacts/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/P-02.svg", "source": "pid/P-02.xml", "status": "preview", "title": "Pilot skid B, KOH dosing" }, { "id": "process-model", "kind": "process-model", "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml", "status": "viewer", "title": "Flowsheet and stream table" }, { "id": "simulation", "kind": "simulation", "source": "process/simulation.yaml", "status": "viewer", "title": "Process simulation" }, { "id": "layout-3d", "kind": "layout-3d", "source": "layout/plant-model.yaml", "status": "viewer", "title": "3D plant layout" }, { "id": "equipment-list", "kind": "equipment-list", "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml", "status": "viewer", "title": "Equipment list" }, { "id": "lca", "kind": "lca", "source": "lca/lca.yaml", "status": "viewer", "title": "Life cycle assessment" } ], "summary": "CO2 electrolysis to CO on Ag in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells with a KOH anolyte, grounded in measured water dissociation efficiencies (Prats Vergel et al., 2025). Concept: the measured bench cell and two 0.1 kg/h CO pilot skids for 1,000 and 10,000 h campaigns, one KOH fill (too tall for its frame at 10,000 h) against continuous dosing (1.8 times the KOH).", "title": "CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids)", "validation": { "notes": "Measured data and a cell balance on them. The WDE series and the measured series (voltage, Faradaic efficiencies) are calculated from the pinned raw files with the paper's equations and SI Note 5 (DESIGN.md D-002, D-005) and are not compared with anything in this folder. A held-out reproduction in benchmarks/reproductions/vermaas-rbpm-wde/ compares the series with the published values (ADR 0032); its result is not validation of this design. The bench cell's Faraday balance (process/cells.yaml, D-006) is bookkeeping on the measured values. The pilot skids (#330) are sized by core's stack and duty tools on those values; their results are compared with hand expectations frozen before the first run (results/expected.yaml, tests/test_co2_electrolysis_bpm_skids.py), not with plant data, and FE, WDE and U are held constant over campaigns 1,000 to 10,000 times longer than measured. Not reviewed.", "status": "unreviewed" }, "viewer": { "commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174", "dirty": false, "sheets": [ "pid/P-01.xml", "pid/P-02.xml", "process/BFD.xml", "process/PFD.xml" ], "skipped": [], "snapshot": "snapshots/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/", "stale": false, "tool": "cheme-as-code 1.6.0", "views": [ "checks", "layout", "mto", "streams" ] } }