{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "300 t/a dried CuCl: 846 batches/a of 355.0 kg in 7920 h on a dedicated train (37.90 kg/h year average), ASSUMED (DESIGN.md D-002, D-003, D-013)",
    "location": "generic chemical site with a chlorine supply (not chosen)",
    "operating_hours_per_year": 7920
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "copper-i-chloride-by-semi-batch-chlorination-of-copper-in-brine-dilution-precipitation-and-filter-drying-300-t-a",
      "expression": "feed:CL2 / product:CUCL",
      "family": "inorganic-chemicals",
      "kpi": "cucl-specific-chlorine",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with a plant's chlorine use per kg CuCl found (searched 2026-11-06 as for cucl-specific-copper; US 3 030 178 A, Example 1, gives a chlorine feed rate and an outflow concentration but no product isolated). Only the stoichiometric floor, 0.358 kg/kg, is known.",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Chlorine consumption per kg of copper(I) chloride",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "copper-i-chloride-by-semi-batch-chlorination-of-copper-in-brine-dilution-precipitation-and-filter-drying-300-t-a",
      "expression": "feed:CU / product:CUCL",
      "family": "inorganic-chemicals",
      "kpi": "cucl-specific-copper",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with a plant's or a pilot's copper use per kg CuCl by the wet brine route found independent of the dataset (searched 2026-11-06: Google Patents US 3 030 178 A, US 3 121 609 A, US 4 582 579 A, CN 1 696 062 A and US 4 308 239 A read, none with a yield on copper of the dilution route; web search for cuprous chloride production consumption figures, which gave only encyclopaedia summaries, not read where licensed). Only the stoichiometric floor, 0.642 kg/kg, is known; the dataset's 0.826 kg/kg carries its ASSUMED dilution loss (DESIGN.md D-006).",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Copper consumption per kg of copper(I) chloride",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "copper",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:CU: copper cathode granules or clean scrap (merchant), 0.826 kg/kg CuCl; no library process makes copper (proxy copper cathode recorded, D-012)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "chlorine",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:CL2: dry chlorine gas (chlor-alkali-1), 0.462 kg/kg CuCl",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-chloride",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:NACL: vacuum salt (merchant), 2.55 kg/kg CuCl for the brine; no library process makes it (proxy recorded, D-012)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen-chloride",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:HCLA",
        "note": "Hydrochloric acid 33 wt% (hydrogen-chloride-1) to the brine and the acid wash, 0.030 kg/kg CuCl, counted by mass of the acid",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "ethanol",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:ETOH: anhydrous ethanol (ethanol-1) for the cake wash, 0.525 kg/kg CuCl",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:PW",
        "note": "Brine make-up, dilution water and acid wash, 72.3 kg/kg CuCl",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "copper-i-chloride",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CUCL",
        "note": "Dried CuCl powder to packing under nitrogen; modelled 99.8 wt% CuCl, an ASSUMED upper bound (no oxidation by air in the model, D-002); the open specification (CN 1 696 062 A) is at least 98 wt%",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:ML",
        "note": "Copper-bearing brine (the decanted mother liquor's purge, the filtrates, the copper fines), 75.0 kg/kg CuCl: 3.4 wt% NaCl, 0.37 wt% CuCl dissolved, 22.3 % of the copper fed (22.1 % dissolved), to copper recovery and wastewater treatment",
        "role": "waste"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:SE",
        "note": "Spent ethanol (the wash filtrate and the dryer condensate), 0.674 kg/kg CuCl, 78 wt% ethanol, to solvent recovery (the registry has no spent-solvent entry: closest entry)",
        "role": "waste"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:POWER",
        "note": "0.304 kWh/kg CuCl: agitators of R-101, P-101 and F-101, the vent scrubber's pump and fan, the vacuum pump (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:LPS",
        "note": "0.750 kWh/kg CuCl of LP steam: R-101's heat-up and the filter-dryer's hot-water circuit (cheme's dryer model, the vessel's heat each batch included)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CW",
        "note": "1.032 kWh/kg CuCl removed by cooling water: the heat of chlorination (R101's model), the liquor's cool-down to 308 K and the product's and F-101's cooling before the discharge",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "chilled-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CHW",
        "note": "0.036 kWh/kg CuCl removed by chilled water at 280 K: the filter-dryer's vacuum condenser",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "The route is the wet chlorination of copper in a 300 g/L NaCl brine of US 3 030 178 A\n(Schering, 1962), run as a batch: the brine, made up from salt, water, a little hydrochloric\nacid and a tenth of the recycled mother liquor, is charged into R-101 over fresh copper and the\ncopper heel kept from the previous batch, heated to 353 K, and chlorine is dosed below the\nsurface over 3 h and absorbed. The chlorine forms copper(II) chloride on the metal, which the\nexcess copper (about 50 %, as US 4 582 579 A uses) reduces to copper(I); after a 1 h\npost-reaction 0.5 % of the copper is left as copper(II) and the brine holds about 129 g/L CuCl (103 g/kg).\nThe liquor is cooled to 308 K and drawn off through the strainer into about seven volumes of\nnitrogen-sparged water (US 3 121 609 A), where 76.5 % of its CuCl precipitates; the rest stays\ndissolved, on an ASSUMED solubility (a power law in the chloride through two open points of US\n4 308 239 A, 3.79 g per kg of mother liquor). The crystals settle, the clear liquor is decanted,\nand the slurry is filtered in the agitated filter-dryer F-101, reslurry-washed with\nhydrochloric acid of pH 1, washed with ethanol (CN 1 696 062 A) and vacuum-dried at 333 K under\nnitrogen. The modelled product is 99.8 wt% CuCl, an ASSUMED upper bound (no oxidation by air in\nthe model; the open specification is at least 98 wt%). The yield is 77.6 % on copper: 22.3 % of\nthe copper leaves with the brine (22.1 % dissolved), 75 kg of copper-bearing brine per kg of\nproduct, to copper recovery and wastewater treatment outside the boundary.\n\nThe batch is modelled with cheme-as-code 1.9.0: R-101 is a semi-batch (reactor: semibatch)\nwith the chlorine as an absorbed gas dose (core ADR 0054); the copper heel and the recycled\nmother liquor are tears converged by propagate (core ADR 0060); the precipitation and the acid\nreslurry wash are crystallizers with the brine's other solutes as spectators and a solubility\nmeasured_in the mother liquor (core ADR 0056); the filter-dryer is one recipe vessel over six\nsteps with Ruth filtration times and core's dryer to a residual moisture (core ADR 0057); R101\nwrites its heat at its energy port (core ADR 0059). The recipe gives the cycle (9.37 h, R-101\nthe bottleneck, 846 batches a year), sizes R-101 (5 m3) and F-101 (1 m3) and checks R-101's\njacket on the cooling water's log-mean temperature. Kinetics are ASSUMED (no open data): the\ndosed chlorine accumulates 0.63 % and the cooling-failure temperature reaches 354.2 K (core,\neach reaction alone; 354.4 K for the reaction network by hand) against an MTT of 373.1 K\n(water). At a hundred times slower rates the accumulation is 28.1 % and core gives 363.5 K, but\nthe network's MTSR, with the comproportionation heat that core leaves out, reaches 372.1 K:\nwithin about 1 K of the MTT on water's boiling point. The dosing therefore stops on a sign of\naccumulation (a recorded safety requirement), and the chlorine held would exceed its solubility\nand break through to the vent scrubber, which is sized for the whole chlorine feed (D-011). The\nfilter-dryer handles ethanol above its flash point under nitrogen (D-011). See DESIGN.md for\nevery assumption.\n",
  "design_basis": {
    "assumptions": [
      "Route: chlorine fed below the surface of a hot 300 g/L NaCl brine over excess copper (US 3 030 178 A, run as a batch, D-001); the copper(II) formed reduced by the excess copper (US 4 582 579 A: about 50 % excess copper, 0.5-2 % copper(II) left); CuCl precipitated by about 7 volumes of deoxygenated water (US 3 121 609 A), acid and ethanol washes (CN 1 696 062 A), vacuum drying under nitrogen.",
      "ASSUMED kinetics (no open data, D-005): fast second-order chlorination of the copper and comproportionation; heats of reaction from standard enthalpies of formation (chemicals 1.5.2's packaged CRC data), the chloro complexes' heats of solution left out.",
      "ASSUMED solubility of CuCl in the diluted brine (D-006): a power law in the chloride not bound to copper(I) through two open points of US 4 308 239 A; 3.79 g per kg of mother liquor, so 22.1 % of the copper fed leaves dissolved (21.6 % as CuCl, 0.5 % as copper(II)), 22.3 % in all with the crystals and fines, with the brine to copper recovery.",
      "ASSUMED separations: the copper heel kept by R-101's strainer (99.8 %), a bag filter for the fines, the crystals settled and the liquor decanted to 2 kg per kg of CuCl, filter cakes of 0.15 (aqueous) and 0.1 (ethanol) kg of liquid per kg (D-004, D-006, D-007).",
      "ASSUMED vacuum drying at 333 K to 0.2 wt% volatiles under nitrogen, 70 % thermal efficiency, a mean drying rate of 3 kg/(m2 h) on 2.5 m2 (D-008).",
      "All flows are year averages of the recipe (D-003); the recycles converged by core's tears, R101's heat and the dryer's from their models, the other duties hand arithmetic from the stream table (D-009); accuracy +/-30 % not demonstrated."
    ],
    "source": "process/design-basis.yaml"
  },
  "engineering": {
    "description": "Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in a sodium chloride brine, dilution precipitation and a filter-dryer, a batch plant, concept stage (issue ChemE-as-Code/process-library#143)",
    "name": "Copper(I) chloride",
    "requires": "cheme-as-code>=1.9",
    "stage": "concept",
    "stages": [
      {
        "id": "concept",
        "title": "Concept and feasibility"
      },
      {
        "id": "basic",
        "title": "Basic engineering"
      },
      {
        "id": "detail",
        "title": "Detail engineering"
      }
    ],
    "tool": "plantcode"
  },
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "mineral",
      "electricity"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "crystallization",
      "filtration",
      "drying"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "inorganic-chemicals"
  ],
  "gap_count": 5,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "copper-i-chloride-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Acopper-i-chloride-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Acopper-i-chloride-1&process=copper-i-chloride-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Acopper-i-chloride-1&process=copper-i-chloride-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Acopper-i-chloride-1&process=copper-i-chloride-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Acopper-i-chloride-1&process=copper-i-chloride-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Acopper-i-chloride-1&process=copper-i-chloride-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Acopper-i-chloride-1&process=copper-i-chloride-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "copper(I) chloride",
    "cuprous chloride",
    "CuCl",
    "copper",
    "chlorine",
    "sodium chloride brine",
    "comproportionation",
    "semi-batch",
    "batch",
    "dosing",
    "gas dosing",
    "precipitation",
    "dilution",
    "recycle",
    "filter-dryer",
    "vacuum dryer",
    "catalyst",
    "fine chemicals"
  ],
  "lca": {
    "allocation": null,
    "backend": "factors",
    "boundary": "cradle-to-gate",
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "title": "Climate change",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "contributions": [],
    "data_sources": [],
    "factors_status": "none",
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1,
      "chemical": "copper-i-chloride",
      "grade": null,
      "label": "1 kg copper(I) chloride",
      "product": "CUCL",
      "product_name": "Copper(I) chloride",
      "product_title": "Copper(I) chloride powder to packing (under nitrogen)",
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "goal": "Preliminary gate-to-gate life cycle inventory of copper(I) chloride made by the semi-batch chlorination of copper in a sodium chloride brine, precipitation by dilution with water, filtration, acid and ethanol washes and vacuum drying, at the concept stage: which raw materials, utilities and wastes the batch plant exchanges per kg of dried CuCl, as the foreground for a later cradle-to-gate study. No impact results: most backgrounds are not mapped yet, and copper, the main input, is a gap (D-012).",
    "inventory": [
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:NACL",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.55378,
        "title": "Sodium chloride (vacuum salt, merchant)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:PW",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 72.2811,
        "title": "Process water (brine make-up, dilution, acid wash)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:HCLA",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0295733,
        "title": "Hydrochloric acid 33 wt% (hydrogen-chloride-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:CU",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.825534,
        "title": "Copper (cathode granules or clean scrap, merchant)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:CL2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.462333,
        "title": "Chlorine gas (chlor-alkali-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:ETOH",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.525184,
        "title": "Ethanol (ethanol-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.303965,
        "title": "Electric power",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:LPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.750263,
        "title": "LP steam 350 kPa(a) (R-101 heating, the dryer's hot-water circuit)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CUCL",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 1.0,
        "title": "Copper(I) chloride powder to packing (under nitrogen)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:ML",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 75.0036,
        "title": "Copper-bearing brine (mother liquor and acid wash) to copper recovery and wastewater treatment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:SE",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.67395,
        "title": "Spent ethanol (wash filtrate and dryer condensate) to solvent recovery",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.03169,
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CHW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0357264,
        "title": "Chilled water return (285 K)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "consumable:nitrogen",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.185924,
        "title": "Nitrogen for inerting R-101, sparging the dilution water, pressing and drying in F-101",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "consumable:rinse-water",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.81703,
        "title": "Rinse water of P-101 between batches",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "disposal:consumable.rinse-water",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.81703,
        "title": "Disposal: Rinse water of P-101 between batches (with the copper-bearing brine to copper recovery and wastewater treatment (D-010))",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "no_total": {
      "baseline": {
        "climate-change": {
          "gaps": 15,
          "reason": "every-contribution-a-gap"
        }
      }
    },
    "not_computed": [
      "climate-change"
    ],
    "pcf": [],
    "publishable": true,
    "result": {
      "classification": "partial",
      "gaps": 15,
      "label": "partial screening carbon footprint",
      "publication": "public"
    },
    "sources": [
      "lca/README.md",
      "lca/dataset.yaml",
      "lca/factors.yaml",
      "lca/gaps.csv",
      "lca/inventory.csv",
      "lca/lca.yaml",
      "lca/mappings.yaml",
      "lca/results.csv",
      "lca/results.md"
    ],
    "totals": {
      "baseline": {}
    },
    "withheld_reason": null
  },
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "copper-i-chloride-by-semi-batch-chlorination-of-copper-in-brine-dilution-precipitation-and-filter-drying-300-t-a",
      "key": "feed:NACL",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "copper-i-chloride-by-semi-batch-chlorination-of-copper-in-brine-dilution-precipitation-and-filter-drying-300-t-a",
      "key": "feed:CU",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "copper-i-chloride-by-semi-batch-chlorination-of-copper-in-brine-dilution-precipitation-and-filter-drying-300-t-a",
      "key": "product:CHW",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "copper-i-chloride-by-semi-batch-chlorination-of-copper-in-brine-dilution-precipitation-and-filter-drying-300-t-a",
      "key": "consumable:rinse-water",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "copper-i-chloride-by-semi-batch-chlorination-of-copper-in-brine-dilution-precipitation-and-filter-drying-300-t-a",
      "key": "disposal:consumable.rinse-water",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Artur Schweidtmann"
    }
  ],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": {
      "sheets": [
        "BFD",
        "PFD"
      ],
      "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
      "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)"
    },
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "Schering AG (1962) US3030178A: Process for the continuous production of cuprous chloride (300 g/L NaCl brine with 0.5 g/L HCl, chlorine below the surface over scrap copper near the boil, about 155 g/L CuCl in the outflow, precipitated by water, liquors reusable)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US3030178A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Buckland, Rolland (American Cyanamid, 1964) US3121609A: Process for preparing cuprous chloride (dilution with 1-15, preferably 5-10, volumes of water; seven in the examples)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US3121609A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Hughes Aircraft (1986) US4582579A: Method for preparing cupric ion-free cuprous chloride (copper reduction with a 50 % excess of copper to 0.5-2 % copper(II); dilution with deoxygenated water, chilled deoxygenated wash, vacuum drying)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4582579A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "CN1696062A (2005): Method for producing cuprous chloride from spent copper chloride etching solution (washes with dilute HCl of pH 1-2.5 and ethanol; at least 98 wt% CuCl)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/CN1696062A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "US4308239A (1981): Obtaining copper(I) chloride from ores with acetonitrile (CuCl solubility about 1 g/L with 10 g/L excess chloride at 20 C; 0.4 mol/L CuCl in 2.0 mol/L NaCl with 0.5 mol/L HCl at 25 C)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4308239A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem CID 62652, Copper(I) chloride (identity)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62652"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.1002/9783527621606",
      "title": "Stoessel, F. (2008) Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes, Wiley-VCH (accumulation and MTSR of a semi-batch; method reference, not data)"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/copper-i-chloride-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "bytes": 38788,
      "id": "BFD",
      "kind": "bfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/copper-i-chloride-1/BFD.svg",
      "source": "process/BFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Block flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "bytes": 178147,
      "id": "PFD",
      "kind": "pfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/copper-i-chloride-1/PFD.svg",
      "source": "process/PFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Process flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "id": "process-model",
      "kind": "process-model",
      "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Flowsheet and stream table"
    },
    {
      "id": "simulation",
      "kind": "simulation",
      "source": "process/simulation.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Process simulation"
    },
    {
      "id": "equipment-list",
      "kind": "equipment-list",
      "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Equipment list"
    },
    {
      "id": "lca",
      "kind": "lca",
      "source": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Life cycle assessment"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "A batch plant: chlorine is dosed into a hot sodium chloride brine over excess copper, the copper(I) chloride stays dissolved, and seven volumes of deoxygenated water precipitate it; it is filtered, washed with dilute acid and ethanol and vacuum-dried. Concept stage, 355.0 kg per batch every 9.37 h, preliminary LCI.",
  "title": "Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a)",
  "validation": {
    "notes": "Concept batch PFD with closed mass, component and element balances (cheme validate: 3 blocks, 19 steps). Every material stream is calculated by cheme process propagate from the feeds: the semi-batch R101 from its ASSUMED rate laws with the chlorine as an absorbed dose (core ADR 0054), the copper heel S6 and the recycled mother liquor S17 as tears converged by Wegstein's method (core ADR 0060), the precipitation CR101 and the acid wash W101 as crystallizers with spectators on an ASSUMED solubility measured_in the mother liquor (a power law through two open points), the strainer, the bag filter, the settler and the filters as specified splits, the dryer D101 to an ASSUMED residual moisture with its heat from cheme's dryer model. The feeds are sized by hand for 300 t/a (the outlets scale with them); R101's duty is written by its model (core ADR 0059), the other duties are hand arithmetic from the stream table, and every mixed temperature is the mix of its inlets. The recipe takes the dosing, post-reaction, heating, cooling, filtration and drying times from the models (cheme process recipe, no cheme.recipe-basis or cheme.recipe-jacket finding). Thermal screening (cheme process reactor-hazards): R101 dT_ad 36.9 K (core's, the chlorination alone; 45.8 K for the net reaction by hand), accumulation 0.63 %, MTSR 354.2 K against an MTT of 373.1 K; no criticality class without a TD24 from calorimetry (never estimated): classes 1, 2 or 5 are still possible. Core's MTSR takes each reaction alone; with the comproportionation's heat (the network, by hand) it is 354.4 K. At k/10 and k/100 the accumulation is 4.26 % and 28.1 %, core's MTSR 357.9 and 363.5 K, the network's 359.8 and 372.1 K (within about 1 K of the MTT at k/100), and the copper(II) left after the post-reaction 24 % and 78 %: the dosing's stop on accumulation, the end point and the chlorine's breakthrough to the vent scrubber are the design findings (D-011). Preliminary gate-to-gate LCI with nitrogen and the rinse as per-batch consumables; chlorine, hydrochloric acid, ethanol and nitrogen linked to chlor-alkali-1, hydrogen-chloride-1, ethanol-1 and asu-1, copper and sodium chloride gaps with their proxies recorded. Not reviewed. Needs cheme-as-code 1.9.0.",
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": {
    "commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "dirty": false,
    "sheets": [
      "process/BFD.xml",
      "process/PFD.xml"
    ],
    "skipped": [],
    "snapshot": "snapshots/copper-i-chloride-1/",
    "stale": false,
    "tool": "cheme-as-code 1.6.0",
    "views": [
      "checks"
    ]
  }
}