{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of cumene (the dataset's basis); no plant size"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation",
      "expression": "product:cumene / (feed:benzene + feed:propylene)",
      "family": "aromatics",
      "kpi": "cumene-overall-yield",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "EU",
          "technology": "zeolite, with transalkylation of di-isopropylbenzene"
        },
        "id": "bref-lvoc-cumene-zeolite-yield",
        "note": "The LVOC BREF gives one value for zeolites, recorded as a zero-width range and not widened. It does not say on which basis the yield is stated; the mass basis is our reading.",
        "range": [
          0.99,
          0.99
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-01",
          "citation": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 28882 EN, doi:10.2760/77304",
          "kind": "bref",
          "locator": "Section 2.1.1.5, p. 10",
          "url": "https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/JRC109279_LVOC_Bref.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Cumene per mass of benzene and propylene fed",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / product:cumene",
      "family": "aromatics",
      "kpi": "cumene-specific-electricity",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with a cumene electricity figure found (2026-11-01). Read: LVOC BREF section 2.1.1.5 (no utility data), the Versalis brochure (net steam only), the US EPA dataset doi:10.23719/1503030 (fuel, no electricity). Not readable: Luyben 2010, doi:10.1021/ie9011535 (HTTP 403). The dataset's value is core's Tier 0 default, ASSUMED.",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of cumene",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "benzene",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:benzene",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "propylene",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:propylene",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "cumene",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:cumene",
        "role": "main-product"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "note": "core's Tier 0 default (ASSUMED, dated)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:steam",
        "note": "net of LP export, so it embeds a credit for exported steam (deviation in the dataset); pressure not stated by the source",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "distillation"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "aromatics"
  ],
  "gap_count": 4,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "cumene-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Acumene-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Acumene-1&process=cumene-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Acumene-1&process=cumene-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Acumene-1&process=cumene-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Acumene-1&process=cumene-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Acumene-1&process=cumene-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Acumene-1&process=cumene-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "cumene",
    "isopropylbenzene",
    "alkylation",
    "transalkylation",
    "zeolite",
    "benzene",
    "propylene"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation",
      "key": "feed:benzene",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation",
      "key": "feed:propylene",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation",
      "key": "output:heavy-ends",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "cumene-zeolite-alkylation",
      "key": "emission:C3H6",
      "link": "biosphere",
      "type": "emission"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "Versalis (2018) Cumene: proprietary process technology, licensing brochure 11-2018 (manufacturer literature)",
      "url": "https://versalis.eni.com/assets/documents/versalis/it/documentazione/licensing/2022/Cumene.pdf"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.23719/1503030",
      "title": "Meyer, D.E., Cashman, S., Gaglione, A. (US EPA) Data mining applied to life cycle inventory modeling for cumene and sodium hydroxide manufacturing, dataset (public domain)"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.2760/77304",
      "title": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 28882 EN (JRC109279), section 2.1.1.5"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/cumene-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Tier 0 screening per tonne of cumene: stoichiometry with a licensor's benzene figure and net steam, US EPA facility air emissions, electricity from core's default. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}