{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of fresh feed (the dataset's basis); no plant size"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "fcc-vgo-full-combustion",
      "expression": "(product:lpg + product:gasoline + product:light-cycle-oil + product:heavy-cycle-oil) / feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "fcc-liquid-yield",
      "no_open_reference": "No open range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). Jechura (2019, CBEN 409 course notes, Colorado School of Mines, slide 15) says mass liquid yields are usually 90 to 93 %, but the dataset's dry-gas and coke yields, which fix its liquid yield, come from the worked example of the same notes (slide 16). The REF BREF gives no FCC yield range.",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Liquid products (C3/C4 cut, gasoline, light and heavy cycle oil) per mass of FCC fresh feed",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "fcc-vgo-full-combustion",
      "expression": "emission:CO2 / feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "fcc-specific-co2",
      "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "EU",
          "technology": "catalytic crackers (FCC), regenerator flue gas"
        },
        "id": "bref-ref-fcc-co2",
        "note": "The source's range; it says high Conradson carbon feeds can lead to higher values. Two example units give 207 and 212 kg/t.",
        "range": [
          160,
          220
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Barthe, P., Chaugny, M., Roudier, S., Delgado Sancho, L. (2015) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas. JRC Science and Policy Report EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758",
          "kind": "bref",
          "locator": "Section 3.5.2.1, Table 3.35, p. 165",
          "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/REF_BREF_2015.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "CO2 from the regenerator per t of FCC fresh feed",
      "unit": "kg/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "fcc-vgo-full-combustion",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "fcc-specific-electricity",
      "no_open_reference": "No open per-tonne range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). The REF BREF range (Table 3.33, 8 to 50 kWh/t for FCC) is the dataset's own source; US DOE (2007, Table 4-9) and PRELIM v1.0 give figures per barrel (file comment).",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of FCC fresh feed",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "fcc-vgo-full-combustion",
      "expression": "emission:PM / feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "fcc-specific-particulates",
      "no_open_reference": "No open range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). The REF BREF's sample of 20 EU FCC units (Table 3.37, 0.015 to 0.100 kg/t, average 0.040) is the dataset's own source.",
      "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Particulates from the regenerator per t of FCC fresh feed",
      "unit": "kg/t",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "vacuum-gas-oil",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "air",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "regenerator air, free; the oxygen burnt with the coke is feed:O2",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "fcc-gasoline",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:gasoline",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "liquefied-petroleum-gas",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:lpg",
        "note": "olefinic C3/C4 cut; about 23 wt% propylene, not split off here",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "refinery-fuel-gas",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:dry-gas",
        "note": "C2 and lighter, with the H2S",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "light-cycle-oil",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:light-cycle-oil",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "heavy-cycle-oil",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:heavy-cycle-oil",
        "note": "main fractionator bottoms (heavy cycle oil and slurry)",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CO2",
        "note": "coke burn in the regenerator, the unit's direct CO2",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-monoxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CO",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:H2O",
        "note": "water vapour of the coke burn",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sulfur-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:SO2",
        "note": "SOx as SO2",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:wastewater",
        "note": "sour water",
        "role": "waste"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:steam",
        "note": "gross, pressure not stated by the source; the steam the unit raises is not credited",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:cooling-water",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "fuels"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "distillation",
      "combustion"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "refining"
  ],
  "gap_count": 3,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "fcc-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Afcc-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Afcc-1&process=fcc-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Afcc-1&process=fcc-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Afcc-1&process=fcc-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Afcc-1&process=fcc-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Afcc-1&process=fcc-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Afcc-1&process=fcc-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "fluid catalytic cracking",
    "FCC",
    "vacuum gas oil",
    "cracked gasoline",
    "LPG",
    "light cycle oil",
    "regenerator",
    "coke burn",
    "zeolite"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "fcc-vgo-full-combustion",
      "key": "input:catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "fcc-vgo-full-combustion",
      "key": "output:spent-catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "fcc-vgo-full-combustion",
      "key": "emission:PM",
      "link": "biosphere",
      "type": "emission"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "doi": "10.2791/010758",
      "title": "Barthe, P., Chaugny, M., Roudier, S., Delgado Sancho, L. (2015) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas. JRC Science and Policy Report EUR 27140 EN, sections 2.5 and 3.5, Tables 3.33 to 3.37 and 3.54"
    },
    {
      "title": "Jechura, J. (2019) Catalytic Cracking, CBEN 409 Petroleum Refining Processes course notes, Colorado School of Mines, slides 15, 16 and 27",
      "url": "https://people.mines.edu/jjechura/wp-content/uploads/sites/120/2019/02/CBEN409_07_Catalytic_Cracking.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Abella, J.P., Motazedi, K., Bergerson, J.A. (2015) Petroleum Refinery Life Cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM) v1.0, user guide and technical documentation, University of Calgary, Table 8 (p. 53)",
      "url": "https://www.ucalgary.ca/sites/default/files/teams/477/prelim-v1-0-documentation.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 2 Energy, ch. 1 (Tables 1.1, 1.2) and ch. 2 (Table 2.2)",
      "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol2.html"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/fcc-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of fresh feed: yields from a worked example of published FCC correlations, utilities and regenerator emissions as midpoints of EU REF BREF ranges, coke-burn CO2 from the coke's carbon, CH4 and N2O from IPCC defaults. Five co-products, unallocated. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator)",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}