{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of hydrocracked products (the dataset's basis); no plant size"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "hydrocracking-vgo-single-stage-recycle",
      "expression": "feed:hydrogen / feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "hc-hydrogen-consumption",
      "no_open_reference": "No open per-mass range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). The REF BREF range (Table 3.62, 260 to 400 Nm3/t) is the dataset's own source. Per-barrel figures (US DOE 1998, Energetics, section 4.1.4: 1000 to 2500 scf/bbl) need a feed density to become kg/t, a modelling step. Searched: open reviews and course notes on VGO hydrocracking (only scf/bbl or single pilot-test values, e.g. Peng et al. 2018, Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 12:867).",
      "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Hydrogen chemically consumed per t of fresh feed, vacuum gas oil hydrocracking",
      "unit": "kg/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "hydrocracking-vgo-single-stage-recycle",
      "expression": "output:wastewater / feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "hc-sour-water",
      "no_open_reference": "No open range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). The REF BREF range (section 3.13.2, 50 to 110 l/t) is the dataset's own source; no other open source read for this entry states a hydrocracker waste-water flow.",
      "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Sour water per t of fresh feed, hydrocracking",
      "unit": "kg/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "hydrocracking-vgo-single-stage-recycle",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "hc-specific-electricity",
      "no_open_reference": "No open range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). The REF BREF range (Table 3.66, 20 to 150 kWh/t, after Sema, Sofres 1991 and VROM 1999) is the dataset's own source. Read and not usable: US DOE 1998 (Energetics, Table 4-8, per bbl), DOE 2006 Energy Bandwidth (no hydrocracking section), PRELIM v1.5 documentation (no values printed).",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of fresh feed, hydrocracking",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "vacuum-gas-oil",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:vacuum-gas-oil",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:hydrogen",
        "note": "chemical consumption; linked to hydrogen-1 (lca/mappings.yaml)",
        "role": "reactant"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "methane",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:natural-gas",
        "note": "heater fuel, natural gas taken as pure methane (ASSUMED; a refinery fires mostly its own fuel gas)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "air",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "combustion air, free; its O2 is feed:O2",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:water",
        "note": "wash water, ASSUMED equal to the sour water",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "hydrocracked-products",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:hydrocracked-products",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "refinery-fuel-gas",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:fuel-gas",
        "note": "C1-C2 gas from the LP separator, to the refinery fuel system after amine treating; modelled as ethane",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "unconverted-oil",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:unconverted-oil",
        "note": "bleed of 2 to 3 % on fresh feed; modelled as triacontane",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen-sulfide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:H2S",
        "note": "in the sour gas, to amine treating and sulfur recovery",
        "role": "by-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CO2",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:H2O",
        "note": "combustion water vapour",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:wastewater",
        "note": "sour water, via the sour water stripper",
        "role": "waste"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "fuels"
    ],
    "region": "EU",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "distillation"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "refining"
  ],
  "gap_count": 4,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "hydrocracking-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Ahydrocracking-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrocracking-1&process=hydrocracking-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrocracking-1&process=hydrocracking-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrocracking-1&process=hydrocracking-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrocracking-1&process=hydrocracking-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrocracking-1&process=hydrocracking-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrocracking-1&process=hydrocracking-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "hydrocracking",
    "vacuum gas oil",
    "VGO",
    "hydrogen",
    "middle distillates",
    "diesel",
    "kerosene",
    "naphtha",
    "refinery"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "hydrocracking-vgo-single-stage-recycle",
      "key": "input:catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "hydrocracking-vgo-single-stage-recycle",
      "key": "output:spent-catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "hydrocracking-vgo-single-stage-recycle",
      "key": "output:H2S",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "hydrocracking-vgo-single-stage-recycle",
      "key": "output:offgas",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "doi": "10.2791/010758",
      "title": "Barthe, P., Chaugny, M., Roudier, S., Delgado Sancho, L. (2015) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas. JRC Science and Policy Report EUR 27140 EN (JRC94879), sections 2.13, 3.13 and 3.13.2"
    },
    {
      "title": "IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2: Energy, chapter 1 (Table 1.2) and chapter 2 (Table 2.2)",
      "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol2.html"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/hydrocracking-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of hydrocracked products (LPG to diesel range, unsplit): conversion, bleed, hydrogen, fuel, power, water and catalyst from EU REF BREF ranges, closed by surrogate-compound element balances. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}