{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "1 000 kg/h HBr (100 %) as 2 083 kg/h hydrobromic acid 48 wt-% = 8 kt/a HBr (ASSUMED)",
    "location": "generic (not chosen)",
    "operating_hours_per_year": 8000
  },
  "benchmarks": [],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "bromine",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:BR2, liquid bromine (e.g. bromine-1), 0.988 kg per kg HBr",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "Hydrogen 99.9 mol-% from hydrogen-1 (feed:H2: 0.0133 kg per kg HBr), 5 mol-% excess",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "Demineralised water for the absorption (feed:DMW), 1.08 kg per kg HBr",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen-bromide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:HBRACID",
        "note": "Hydrobromic acid 48 wt-% to storage, counted by mass of the acid (2.083 kg per kg HBr)",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:H2",
        "note": "Excess hydrogen vented after the tail gas scrubber, 0.62 g per kg HBr",
        "role": "emission"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:LPS",
        "note": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) for the bromine vaporiser, 0.058 kWh (0.098 kg) per kg HBr",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:POWER",
        "note": "Pump, burner management, instruments and analysers (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CW",
        "note": "25/35 C (ASSUMED), burner, gas cooler and absorber, 0.41 kWh per kg HBr",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Liquid bromine is vaporised with LP steam at 300 kPa(a) and burnt with hydrogen from\nhydrogen-1 in a burner whose chamber is cooled by water; 99.97 % of the bromine reacts in\nthe flame (a sourced flame-reactor result), the rest on an adiabatic activated-carbon\nfinishing bed at about 175 degC. A graphite block cooler takes the gas to 60 degC and an\nisothermal falling-film absorber dissolves it in weak acid from the tail gas scrubber to\n48 wt-% acid, just above the 47.6 wt-% azeotrope. All absorption water passes the scrubber\nfirst; the excess hydrogen and the nitrogen of the hydrogen feed leave through the vent.\n\nAll values are concept estimates. The reactor outlets and the burner duty are calculated by\ncheme (a sourced conversion for the burner, ideal-gas equilibrium for the finishing bed); the absorber and scrubber are specified values from an\nindependent balance script, and the acid's enthalpy rests on an assumed heat of solution\nbecause no ChemE-as-Code property method covers HBr-water yet. See DESIGN.md of\nthe engineering files for every assumption and gated step.\n",
  "design_basis": {
    "assumptions": [
      "D-001 boundary: liquid bromine and hydrogen gas at the fence to 48 wt-% acid in storage and the vent; no anhydrous HBr product, no acid storage or loading, no utility generation",
      "D-005 R101 converts 99.97 % of the Br2 (sourced flame-reactor result), R102 the rest (equilibrium limit); no kinetics",
      "D-006 the balance is a specified-split model (scripts/balance.py); the acid enthalpy rests on an ASSUMED heat of solution",
      "Construction, transport and end of life are outside the preliminary LCI (D-012)"
    ],
    "source": "process/design-basis.yaml"
  },
  "engineering": {
    "description": "",
    "name": "Hydrogen bromide",
    "requires": "cheme-as-code>=0.8",
    "stage": "concept",
    "stages": [
      {
        "id": "concept",
        "title": "Concept and feasibility"
      },
      {
        "id": "basic",
        "title": "Basic engineering"
      },
      {
        "id": "detail",
        "title": "Detail engineering"
      }
    ],
    "tool": "plantcode"
  },
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "mineral",
      "fossil"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "evaporation",
      "reaction",
      "absorption",
      "heat-exchange"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "inorganic-chemicals"
  ],
  "gap_count": 1,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "hydrogen-bromide-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Ahydrogen-bromide-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-bromide-1&process=hydrogen-bromide-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-bromide-1&process=hydrogen-bromide-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-bromide-1&process=hydrogen-bromide-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-bromide-1&process=hydrogen-bromide-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-bromide-1&process=hydrogen-bromide-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-bromide-1&process=hydrogen-bromide-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "hydrogen bromide",
    "hydrobromic acid",
    "HBr synthesis",
    "bromine",
    "burner",
    "activated carbon",
    "graphite absorber",
    "falling-film absorption",
    "tail gas scrubber",
    "hydrogen"
  ],
  "lca": {
    "allocation": null,
    "backend": "factors",
    "boundary": "gate-to-gate",
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "title": "Climate change",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "contributions": [],
    "data_sources": [],
    "factors_status": "none",
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1,
      "chemical": "hydrogen-bromide",
      "grade": null,
      "label": "1 kg hydrogen bromide",
      "product": "HBRACID",
      "product_name": "Hydrogen bromide",
      "product_title": "Hydrobromic acid 48 wt-% to storage",
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "goal": "Preliminary gate-to-gate life cycle inventory of hydrobromic acid (48 wt-%) by burning bromine vapour in hydrogen with catalytic finishing and absorption in water, for the concept stage: the foreground exchanges of the balanced flowsheet (D-006) per kg of contained HBr, ready to be linked to background datasets (bromine-1's bromine and hydrogen-1's hydrogen first). No impact assessment is claimed.",
    "inventory": [
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:BR2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.987542,
        "title": "Liquid bromine from storage (made by bromine-1, planned library process)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:H2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.013263,
        "title": "Hydrogen 99.9 mol-% from hydrogen-1 (S17 there, 2850 kPa(a))",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:DMW",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.08346,
        "title": "Demineralised water for absorption",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:LPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.058,
        "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) (condensate returned)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00308,
        "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:HBRACID",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.08333,
        "title": "Hydrobromic acid 48 wt-% to storage",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:VENT",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.000935,
        "title": "Tail gas scrubber vent to atmosphere (excess hydrogen, nitrogen)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.4106,
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:Br2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "Br2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.000623019,
        "title": "H2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.000129965,
        "title": "H2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:HBr",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 3.61845e-08,
        "title": "HBr to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:N2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00018198,
        "title": "N2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "no_total": {
      "baseline": {
        "climate-change": {
          "gaps": 6,
          "reason": "every-contribution-a-gap"
        }
      }
    },
    "not_computed": [
      "climate-change"
    ],
    "pcf": [],
    "publishable": true,
    "result": {
      "classification": "partial",
      "gaps": 6,
      "label": "partial screening carbon footprint",
      "publication": "public"
    },
    "sources": [
      "lca/README.md",
      "lca/dataset.yaml",
      "lca/factors.yaml",
      "lca/gaps.csv",
      "lca/inventory.csv",
      "lca/lca.yaml",
      "lca/mappings.yaml",
      "lca/results.csv",
      "lca/results.md"
    ],
    "totals": {
      "baseline": {}
    },
    "withheld_reason": null
  },
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt",
      "key": "emission:HBr",
      "link": "biosphere",
      "type": "emission"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Artur Schweidtmann"
    }
  ],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "previews": {
      "sheets": [
        "BFD",
        "PFD"
      ],
      "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
      "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)"
    },
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "US 6 036 936 A (Elf Atochem): Process for the production of hydrogen bromide gas and device for its implementation (burner, graphite cooling, activated-charcoal finishing stage)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US6036936"
    },
    {
      "title": "US 3 988 427 A (Ethyl Corp.): Flame reaction process for producing hydrogen bromide (Example: bromine conversion and hydrogen excess)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US3988427"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.1002/14356007.a04_405",
      "title": "Bromine Compounds. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH (route identity from issue #130; full text not read)"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: Hydrogen bromide (Industrial preparation, normal boiling point, enthalpy of formation), facts only",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bromide"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: Hydrobromic acid (azeotrope, density of 48 % acid), facts only",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrobromic_acid"
    },
    {
      "title": "IAPWS R7-97(2012): Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (region 4 saturation equations)",
      "url": "http://www.iapws.org/relguide/IF97-Rev.html"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/hydrogen-bromide-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "bytes": 26225,
      "id": "BFD",
      "kind": "bfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/hydrogen-bromide-1/BFD.svg",
      "source": "process/BFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Block flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "bytes": 77737,
      "id": "PFD",
      "kind": "pfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/hydrogen-bromide-1/PFD.svg",
      "source": "process/PFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Process flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "id": "process-model",
      "kind": "process-model",
      "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Flowsheet and stream table"
    },
    {
      "id": "simulation",
      "kind": "simulation",
      "source": "process/simulation.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Process simulation"
    },
    {
      "id": "equipment-list",
      "kind": "equipment-list",
      "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Equipment list"
    },
    {
      "id": "lca",
      "kind": "lca",
      "source": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Life cycle assessment"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bromine vapour burnt in a 5 % excess of hydrogen in a water-cooled burner, the residual bromine converted on an activated-carbon bed, the HBr gas absorbed in a graphite falling-film absorber to 48 wt-% hydrobromic acid and the tail gas scrubbed with the absorption water; bromine (bromine-1, planned) and hydrogen (hydrogen-1) as boundary feeds. Concept stage, 8 kt/a HBr, assumed basis.",
  "title": "Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid)",
  "validation": {
    "notes": "Concept PFD with closed mass, component and element balances (cheme validate, cheme process streams). The burner and finishing-bed outlets are calculated by cheme (99.97 % Br2 conversion in the flame from US 3 988 427 A; the carbon bed as an ideal-gas equilibrium reactor, K = 1.1e13 at 448 K, leaving a Br2 mole fraction of 4e-12); cheme maturity reaches no level (assumed feed flows, specified absorber and scrubber splits); cheme's burner duty (166.4 kW) equals the independent script's. The absorber, the scrubber and the acid's heat of solution are specified or ASSUMED values: no property package covers Br2/HBr gas or HBr-water, so energy closure is not evaluable in core. The preliminary gate-to-gate LCI closes in mass and in Br and H; every background is a gap. Not reviewed. Main products and feeds are listed under chemistry with their chemicals registry entries (issue #251).",
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": {
    "commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "dirty": false,
    "sheets": [
      "process/BFD.xml",
      "process/PFD.xml"
    ],
    "skipped": [],
    "snapshot": "snapshots/hydrogen-bromide-1/",
    "stale": false,
    "tool": "cheme-as-code 1.6.0",
    "views": [
      "checks",
      "streams"
    ]
  }
}