{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "10 t/h hydrochloric acid 33 wt-% = 26.4 kt/a HCl (100 %) (ASSUMED)",
    "location": "generic (not chosen), adjacent to a chlor-alkali plant",
    "operating_hours_per_year": 8000
  },
  "benchmarks": [],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "chlorine",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:CL2, dry chlorine gas from chlor-alkali-1, 0.980 kg per kg HCl",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "Wet hydrogen from chlor-alkali-1 (feed:H2: 0.0464 kg wet gas = 0.0315 kg H2 per kg HCl), 10 mol-% excess",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "Demineralised water for the absorption (feed:DMW), 2.0 kg per kg HCl",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen-chloride",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:HCLACID",
        "note": "Hydrochloric acid 33 wt-% to storage, counted by mass of the acid (3.03 kg per kg HCl)",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:STEAM",
        "note": "Steam 1000 kPa(a) raised in the synthesis furnace, about 1.0 t per t HCl (0.665 kWh/kg HCl); allocation share 0 (D-013)",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:H2",
        "note": "Excess hydrogen vented after the tail gas scrubber, 2.9 g per kg HCl",
        "role": "emission"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:POWER",
        "note": "Pumps, instruments and analysers (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CW",
        "note": "25/35 C (ASSUMED), absorber cooling",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Dry chlorine and wet hydrogen from the adjacent membrane-cell chlor-alkali plant\n(chlor-alkali-1) burn in the synthesis furnace; the hydrogen excess consumes all chlorine and\nthe oxygen the chlorine carries. The furnace raises steam at 1000 kPa(a) from the reaction\nheat and sends the HCl gas at about 250 degC to an isothermal falling-film absorber, where it\ndissolves in weak acid from the tail gas scrubber to 33 wt-% acid. All absorption water\npasses the scrubber first; the excess hydrogen leaves through the vent.\n\nAll values are concept estimates. The furnace outlet and duty are calculated by cheme\n(complete conversion at the equilibrium limit); the absorber and scrubber are specified\nvalues from an independent balance script, and the acid's enthalpy rests on an assumed heat\nof solution because no ChemE-as-Code property method covers HCl-water yet.\nSee DESIGN.md of the engineering files for every assumption and gated step.\n",
  "design_basis": {
    "assumptions": [
      "D-001 boundary: chlorine and hydrogen gas at the fence to 33 wt-% acid in storage, steam export and vent; no anhydrous HCl, no acid storage or loading, no utility generation",
      "D-005 R-101 converts all Cl2 and O2 (equilibrium limit at 523 K); no kinetics",
      "D-006 the balance is a specified-split model (scripts/balance.py); the acid enthalpy rests on an ASSUMED heat of solution",
      "Construction, transport and end of life are outside the preliminary LCI (D-013)"
    ],
    "source": "process/design-basis.yaml"
  },
  "engineering": {
    "description": "",
    "name": "Hydrogen chloride (synthesis burner and absorption)",
    "requires": "cheme-as-code>=0.8",
    "stage": "concept",
    "stages": [
      {
        "id": "concept",
        "title": "Concept and feasibility"
      },
      {
        "id": "basic",
        "title": "Basic engineering"
      },
      {
        "id": "detail",
        "title": "Detail engineering"
      }
    ],
    "tool": "plantcode"
  },
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "electricity",
      "mineral"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "absorption",
      "heat-exchange"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "chlor-alkali"
  ],
  "gap_count": 0,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "hydrogen-chloride-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Ahydrogen-chloride-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-chloride-1&process=hydrogen-chloride-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-chloride-1&process=hydrogen-chloride-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-chloride-1&process=hydrogen-chloride-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-chloride-1&process=hydrogen-chloride-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-chloride-1&process=hydrogen-chloride-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrogen-chloride-1&process=hydrogen-chloride-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "hydrogen chloride",
    "hydrochloric acid",
    "HCl synthesis",
    "burner",
    "graphite absorber",
    "falling-film absorption",
    "tail gas scrubber",
    "steam recovery",
    "chlorine",
    "hydrogen"
  ],
  "lca": {
    "allocation": "shares",
    "backend": "factors",
    "boundary": "gate-to-gate",
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "title": "Climate change",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "contributions": [],
    "data_sources": [],
    "factors_status": "none",
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1,
      "chemical": "hydrogen-chloride",
      "grade": null,
      "label": "1 kg hydrogen chloride",
      "product": "HCLACID",
      "product_name": "Hydrogen chloride",
      "product_title": "Hydrochloric acid 33 wt-% to storage",
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "goal": "Preliminary gate-to-gate life cycle inventory of hydrochloric acid (33 wt-%) by direct synthesis from chlorine and hydrogen with steam recovery, for the concept stage: the foreground exchanges of the balanced flowsheet (D-006) per kg of contained HCl, ready to be linked to background datasets (chlor-alkali-1's chlorine and hydrogen first). No impact assessment is claimed.",
    "inventory": [
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:CL2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.980312,
        "title": "Dry chlorine gas from chlor-alkali-1 (S42 there, 400 kPa(a))",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:H2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0464152,
        "title": "Wet hydrogen from chlor-alkali-1 (S44 there, 140 kPa(a))",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:DMW",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.00752,
        "title": "Demineralised water for absorption",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00169697,
        "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:HCLACID",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 3.0303,
        "title": "Hydrochloric acid 33 wt-% to storage",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:VENT",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00394545,
        "title": "Tail gas scrubber vent to atmosphere (excess hydrogen)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:STEAM",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.665182,
        "title": "Steam 1000 kPa(a) raised in the synthesis furnace (export)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.506545,
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:Cl2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "Cl2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00286569,
        "title": "H2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00107944,
        "title": "H2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:HCl",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 3.32207e-07,
        "title": "HCl to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:O2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "O2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "no_total": {
      "baseline": {
        "climate-change": {
          "gaps": 5,
          "reason": "every-contribution-a-gap"
        }
      }
    },
    "not_computed": [
      "climate-change"
    ],
    "pcf": [],
    "publishable": true,
    "result": {
      "classification": "partial",
      "gaps": 5,
      "label": "partial screening carbon footprint",
      "publication": "public"
    },
    "sources": [
      "lca/README.md",
      "lca/dataset.yaml",
      "lca/factors.yaml",
      "lca/gaps.csv",
      "lca/inventory.csv",
      "lca/lca.yaml",
      "lca/mappings.yaml",
      "lca/results.csv",
      "lca/results.md"
    ],
    "totals": {
      "baseline": {}
    },
    "withheld_reason": null
  },
  "lci_gaps": [],
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Artur Schweidtmann"
    }
  ],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": false,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "previews": {
      "sheets": [
        "BFD",
        "PFD"
      ],
      "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
      "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)"
    },
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1002/14356007.a13_283",
      "title": "Hydrochloric Acid. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH (route identity from issue #137; full text not read)"
    },
    {
      "title": "Chase, M. W. (1998) NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 4th ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Monograph 9 (tables Cl-026 HCl, H-064 H2O)",
      "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/Cl-026.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "US 9 415 364 B2: Facility and reactor for directly synthesizing hydrochloric acid from hydrogen and chlorine with heat recovery",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US9415364B2/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "US 2004/0175323 A1: Process and apparatus for preparing hydrogen chloride (cites EP 0 362 666 B1 on the hydrogen excess)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US20040175323A1/en"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/hydrogen-chloride-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "bytes": 21889,
      "id": "BFD",
      "kind": "bfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/hydrogen-chloride-1/BFD.svg",
      "source": "process/BFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Block flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "bytes": 59023,
      "id": "PFD",
      "kind": "pfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/hydrogen-chloride-1/PFD.svg",
      "source": "process/PFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Process flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "id": "process-model",
      "kind": "process-model",
      "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Flowsheet and stream table"
    },
    {
      "id": "equipment-list",
      "kind": "equipment-list",
      "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Equipment list"
    },
    {
      "id": "lca",
      "kind": "lca",
      "source": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Life cycle assessment"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Chlorine burnt in a 10 % excess of hydrogen in a steam-raising synthesis furnace, the HCl gas absorbed in a water-cooled graphite falling-film absorber to 33 wt-% hydrochloric acid and the tail gas scrubbed with the absorption water; chlorine and hydrogen from chlor-alkali-1. Concept stage, 26.4 kt/a HCl, assumed basis.",
  "title": "Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery)",
  "validation": {
    "notes": "Concept PFD with closed mass, component and element balances (cheme validate, cheme process streams). The furnace outlet is calculated by cheme (conversion reactor, complete Cl2 and O2 conversion justified by K = 2.6e19 at 523 K) and cheme's reactor duty (2 268 kW released) equals the independent script's; the steam export follows from it with an assumed 3 % heat loss. cheme maturity reaches no level yet: the feeds are chlor-alkali-1's assumed product states, the absorber and scrubber are specified values, and energy closure is not evaluable in core (no property package covers Cl2/HCl gas or HCl-water). The preliminary gate-to-gate LCI closes in mass and elements; every background is a gap. Not reviewed. Main products and feeds are listed under chemistry with their chemicals registry entries (issue #251).",
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": {
    "commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "dirty": false,
    "sheets": [
      "process/BFD.xml",
      "process/PFD.xml"
    ],
    "skipped": [],
    "snapshot": "snapshots/hydrogen-chloride-1/",
    "stale": false,
    "tool": "cheme-as-code 1.6.0",
    "views": [
      "checks",
      "streams"
    ]
  }
}