{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of desulfurised gas oil (the dataset's basis); no plant size"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "gas-oil-hydrodesulfurisation",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / feed:gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "ht-distillate-electricity",
      "no_open_reference": "No open per-tonne range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). The REF BREF range (Table 3.63, 10 to 20 kWh/t) is the dataset's own source. Tian et al. (2022, Table 4) give the three main drives of one unit only, 18.7 kWh/t (file comment); US DOE (1998) and LBNL-56183 give per-barrel figures for all hydrotreaters together.",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of distillate feed hydrotreated",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "gas-oil-hydrodesulfurisation",
      "expression": "emission:CO2 / feed:gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "ht-distillate-heater-co2",
      "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "AT, DE",
          "technology": "middle distillate (kerosene, gas oil) hydrotreaters, about 1.8 and 3.0 Mt/yr",
          "year": 2010
        },
        "id": "bref-ref-ht-middle-distillate-co2-units",
        "note": "The two middle-distillate hydrotreaters of the source's examples, 13 kg/t (TOTAL Mitteldeutschland, loads calculated from limit values) and 15 kg/t (OMV Schwechat, 2007, updated 2010). Two values, not a statistical range. They include the combustion of the unit's fuel. The TOTAL middle-distillate row has the same fuel (205.9 GWh/yr) and the same annual loads as the naphtha hydrotreater row above it, so it may repeat that row; only its throughput differs.",
        "range": [
          13,
          15
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Barthe, P., Chaugny, M., Roudier, S., Delgado Sancho, L. (2015) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas. JRC Science and Policy Report EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758",
          "kind": "bref",
          "locator": "Section 3.13.1, Table 3.65, p. 194",
          "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/REF_BREF_2015.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Heater CO2 per t of middle distillate feed hydrotreated",
      "unit": "kg/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "gas-oil-hydrodesulfurisation",
      "expression": "feed:hydrogen / feed:gas-oil",
      "family": "refining",
      "kpi": "ht-distillate-hydrogen",
      "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "EU",
          "technology": "hydrotreatment of distillates (kerosene to vacuum gas oil); source data Sema/Sofres 1991 and VROM 1999"
        },
        "id": "bref-ref-ht-distillate-hydrogen",
        "note": "Per t of feed processed, not per t of product. The same section states 0.3 % H2 on feed for distillate hydrotreating as the typical figure. Independent of hydrotreating-1, whose hydrogen is one operating unit's (Tian et al. 2022).",
        "range": [
          1,
          15
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Barthe, P., Chaugny, M., Roudier, S., Delgado Sancho, L. (2015) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas. JRC Science and Policy Report EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758",
          "kind": "bref",
          "locator": "Section 3.13.1, Table 3.63, p. 192",
          "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/REF_BREF_2015.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Hydrogen consumption per t of distillate feed hydrotreated",
      "unit": "kg/t",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "gas-oil",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:gas-oil",
        "note": "straight-run gas oil, 0.49 wt-% S (the Johan Sverdrup assay's gas oil, as refinery-distillation-1), modelled as C470H848S (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:hydrogen",
        "note": "linked to hydrogen-1 (lca/mappings.yaml)",
        "role": "reactant"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:water",
        "note": "wash water injected into the reactor effluent",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "methane",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:natural-gas",
        "note": "heater fuel: refinery fuel gas taken as pure methane (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "air",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "combustion air, free; its O2 is feed:O2",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "diesel",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:diesel",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen-sulfide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:hydrogen-sulfide",
        "note": "in the sour gas, to amine treatment and sulfur recovery",
        "role": "by-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CO2",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:H2O",
        "note": "combustion water vapour",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:wastewater",
        "note": "sour water to the sour water stripper",
        "role": "waste"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:steam",
        "note": "by mass; pressure not stated by the source",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:cooling-water",
        "note": "heat rejected, kWh",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "fuels"
    ],
    "region": "EU",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "compression",
      "flash",
      "stripping",
      "combustion"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "refining"
  ],
  "gap_count": 3,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "hydrotreating-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Ahydrotreating-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrotreating-1&process=hydrotreating-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrotreating-1&process=hydrotreating-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrotreating-1&process=hydrotreating-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrotreating-1&process=hydrotreating-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrotreating-1&process=hydrotreating-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Ahydrotreating-1&process=hydrotreating-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "hydrotreating",
    "hydrodesulfurisation",
    "HDS",
    "gas oil",
    "diesel",
    "ULSD",
    "hydrogen",
    "hydrogen sulfide",
    "CoMo catalyst"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "gas-oil-hydrodesulfurisation",
      "key": "input:catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "gas-oil-hydrodesulfurisation",
      "key": "output:spent-catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "gas-oil-hydrodesulfurisation",
      "key": "output:hydrogen-sulfide",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "doi": "10.2791/010758",
      "title": "Barthe, P., Chaugny, M., Roudier, S., Delgado Sancho, L. (2015) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas. JRC Science and Policy Report EUR 27140 EN, sections 2.13 and 3.13.1"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.3390/pr10102055",
      "title": "Tian, R., Xu, W., Li, Y., Tian, J., Wu, L. (2022) Energy Consumption Analysis of a Diesel Hydrotreating Unit Using an Aspen Simulation. Processes 10, 2055 (make-up hydrogen, Tables 2 and 3)"
    },
    {
      "title": "TotalEnergies, crude oil data sheet Johan Sverdrup (assay of 1 April 2021, sheet July 2021), properties of TBP cuts, gas oil sulfur; manufacturer literature",
      "url": "https://trading.totalenergies.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/JOHAN-SVERDRUP.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Abella, J.P., Motazedi, K., Bergerson, J.A. (2015) Petroleum Refinery Life Cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM) v1.0, user guide and technical documentation, University of Calgary, Table 8 (p. 53)",
      "url": "https://www.ucalgary.ca/sites/default/files/teams/477/prelim-v1-0-documentation.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2: Energy, chapter 1, Tables 1.2 to 1.4",
      "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_1_Ch1_Introduction.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/hydrotreating-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of desulfurised gas oil: feed, hydrogen and H2S from model formulas fitted to the linked crude's gas oil sulfur, one operating unit's make-up hydrogen and PRELIM's product hydrogen; utilities and heater emissions from EU REF BREF ranges and two installations. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater)",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}