{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "30 kt/a NH2OH contained, as 293 kt/a of 25.4 wt% hydroxylammonium sulfate solution (ASSUMED)",
    "location": "generic (not chosen)",
    "operating_hours_per_year": 8000
  },
  "benchmarks": [],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "ammonia",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:NH3: liquid ammonia (e.g. ammonia-1), 0.612 kg/kg NH2OH",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sulfuric-acid",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:ACID: sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% (e.g. sulfuric-acid-1), 1.77 kg/kg",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "hydrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:H2",
        "note": "99.9 mol% H2, 0.131 kg/kg NH2OH (ASSUMED boundary feed; e.g. from processes/hydrogen-1)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "oxygen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:GOX",
        "note": "GOX 99.5 mol% at 300 kPa(a), 1.54 kg/kg NH2OH (ASSUMED boundary feed; e.g. from processes/asu-1)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:DEMIN",
        "note": "Demineralised water for the acid make-up, 2.70 kg/kg NH2OH",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "air",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:AIR",
        "note": "Combustion air of the off-gas thermal oxidiser",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:PROD",
        "note": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution 25.4 wt% to storage, counted by mass of the solution (9.78 kg per kg NH2OH)",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "nitrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:STACK",
        "note": "Thermal-oxidiser flue gas: N2, O2, Ar, water, NO and N2O to atmosphere",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:MPS",
        "note": "MP steam 1500 kPa(a) raised in the waste-heat boiler, counted as heat (kWh)",
        "role": "co-product"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:POWER",
        "note": "NO gas compressor, cascade agitators, recycle blower, acid pump, oxidiser fan (ASSUMED electric drives)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:STEAMD",
        "note": "LP steam 500 kPa(a) used directly as burner dilution steam (condensed and reused as process water)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:LPS",
        "note": "LP steam 500 kPa(a) to the ammonia vaporiser, counted as heat (kWh)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CW",
        "note": "25/35 C (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Liquid ammonia is vaporised, mixed with gaseous oxygen and LP steam (14 : 18.6 : 67.4 by\nvolume) and burnt on a Pt/Rh gauze; a waste-heat boiler raises MP steam. The small oxygen\nexcess is hydrogenated on a silver-manganese catalyst, the steam is condensed (the condensate,\nwith a little nitric acid, becomes the acid dilution water) and the NO gas is compressed to a\nstirred-tank cascade. There NO and hydrogen (H2:NO 2:1) react at 313 K and 200 kPa(a) on a\nsuspended, sulfur-modified Pt/graphite catalyst in about 20 wt% sulfuric acid to\nhydroxylammonium sulfate, with ammonium sulfate and N2O as by-products. The off-gas is\nrecycled; 30 % is purged to a thermal oxidiser. The product carries 25.4 wt% hydroxylammonium\nsulfate (10.2 wt% NH2OH), 1.9 wt% ammonium sulfate and 1.3 wt% free acid.\n\nAll values are concept estimates (scripts/has_balance.py of the engineering files): burner\nratios and yields, O2 removal, product analysis, cascade conditions and selectivities are taken\nfrom open patents (US 3,110,563; EP 0 945 401; US 4,895,711; EP 1 343 719; US 4,997,635), the\nburner N2O from the IPCC 2006 default; the per-pass conversion, purge, pressures and all duties\nare design choices. See DESIGN.md for every assumption and gated step.\n",
  "design_basis": {
    "assumptions": [
      "Burner: NH3:O2:steam 14:18.6:67.4 by volume, Pt/Rh gauze, 98 % of the NH3 nitrogen to nitrogen oxides (US 3,110,563 Example a); N2O 1.40 % of the NH3 nitrogen from the IPCC 2006 atmospheric-pressure default (Vol. 3 Ch. 3 Table 3.3), N2 the rest; adiabatic, 130 kPa(a) ASSUMED (D-005).",
      "Excess O2 hydrogenated (90 %) on Ag-Mn before condensation (EP 0 945 401 Example); the rest absorbed as HNO3 in the condensate, which is reused as acid dilution water (EP 0 945 401) (D-005).",
      "Hydrogenation: stirred-tank cascade with suspended sulfur-modified Pt on graphite in about 20 wt% H2SO4 (EP 0 945 401: 19 %; US 4,895,711: 4.3 N), 313 K, 200 kPa(a), H2:NO 2.0 at the inlet (EP 1 343 719); NO converted per pass 0.90 ASSUMED; selectivity NH2OH 89.8 %, NH3 8.2 %, N2O 2.0 % (D-007).",
      "Off-gas: 30 % purged to a thermal oxidiser (ASSUMED, sets N2O at 6.5 mol% in the loop gas), 70 % recycled; overall NO utilisation 96.8 % (D-007, D-009).",
      "Thermal oxidiser: purge H2 burnt with air to 1173 K, no NO or N2O destruction credited, no heat recovery (ASSUMED, conservative; D-009).",
      "Heats of reaction in the cascade from NBS aqueous enthalpies of formation, not re-read in this run (O-4); gas-phase enthalpies ideal gas (thermo/chemicals) (D-005, D-006).",
      "All flows and duties are concept estimates from scripts/has_balance.py (D-006); accuracy not stated, roughly +/-30 %."
    ],
    "source": "process/design-basis.yaml"
  },
  "engineering": {
    "description": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution (25.4 wt%, 30 kt/a NH2OH contained) by catalytic hydrogenation of nitric oxide in dilute sulfuric acid over suspended platinum on graphite, with the NO made inside the boundary by oxidising ammonia with oxygen and steam. Concept stage (issue ChemE-as-Code/process-library#182).",
    "name": "Hydroxylamine (as hydroxylammonium sulfate)",
    "requires": "cheme-as-code>=0.8",
    "stage": "concept",
    "stages": [
      {
        "id": "concept",
        "title": "Concept and feasibility"
      },
      {
        "id": "basic",
        "title": "Basic engineering"
      },
      {
        "id": "detail",
        "title": "Detail engineering"
      }
    ],
    "tool": "plantcode"
  },
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil",
      "water"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "heat-exchange",
      "compression",
      "condensation",
      "filtration"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "inorganic-chemicals"
  ],
  "gap_count": 2,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "hydroxylamine-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Ahydroxylamine-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Ahydroxylamine-1&process=hydroxylamine-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Ahydroxylamine-1&process=hydroxylamine-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Ahydroxylamine-1&process=hydroxylamine-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Ahydroxylamine-1&process=hydroxylamine-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Ahydroxylamine-1&process=hydroxylamine-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Ahydroxylamine-1&process=hydroxylamine-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "hydroxylamine",
    "hydroxylammonium sulfate",
    "hydroxylamine sulfate",
    "nitric oxide",
    "NO hydrogenation",
    "ammonia oxidation",
    "platinum catalyst",
    "caprolactam",
    "oximation",
    "ammonium sulfate",
    "nitrous oxide"
  ],
  "lca": {
    "allocation": "shares",
    "backend": "factors",
    "boundary": "gate-to-gate",
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "title": "Climate change",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "data_sources": [],
    "factors_status": "published",
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1,
      "chemical": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate",
      "grade": null,
      "label": "1 kg hydroxylammonium sulfate",
      "product": "PROD",
      "product_name": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate",
      "product_title": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution 25.4 wt% to storage",
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "goal": "Preliminary gate-to-gate life cycle inventory of hydroxylamine as a 25.4 wt% hydroxylammonium sulfate solution, made by NO hydrogenation in dilute sulfuric acid with NO from ammonia oxidation (BASF-type process), at the concept stage, for the process library: the foreground exchanges per kg of NH2OH contained, with their provenance, and the list of backgrounds still to link. Not an impact result: every background is a gap; only the direct N2O and NO emissions of the plant are elementary flows.",
    "inventory": [
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:NH3",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.612312,
        "title": "Liquid ammonia (boundary feed; e.g. from ammonia-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:GOX",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.53808,
        "title": "Gaseous oxygen 99.5 mol% (boundary feed; e.g. from asu-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:H2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.130667,
        "title": "Hydrogen 99.9 mol% (boundary feed; e.g. from hydrogen-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:ACID",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.77351,
        "title": "Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% (boundary feed; e.g. from sulfuric-acid-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:DEMIN",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.70047,
        "title": "Demineralised water",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:AIR",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.4942,
        "title": "Ambient air (thermal oxidiser)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:STEAMD",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 3.11829,
        "title": "LP steam 500 kPa(a), direct use (burner dilution steam)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.09472,
        "title": "Electric power",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:LPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.198293,
        "title": "LP steam 500 kPa(a), indirect (ammonia vaporiser)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:PROD",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 9.78222,
        "title": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution 25.4 wt% to storage",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:STACK",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 1.58531,
        "title": "Thermal-oxidiser flue gas to atmosphere",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:MPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.86464,
        "title": "MP steam export 1500 kPa(a) (waste-heat boiler)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 6.49122,
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:AR",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.0288469,
        "title": "AR to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "H2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.125726,
        "title": "H2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:N2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 1.13201,
        "title": "N2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:N2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.025935,
        "title": "N2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NO",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.0337104,
        "title": "NO to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:O2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.239088,
        "title": "O2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 3.06667e-07,
        "title": "Pt/Rh gauze metal lost from the ammonia burner",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "consumable:pt-catalyst-loss",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 4e-08,
        "title": "Platinum lost from the suspended Pt/graphite hydrogenation catalyst",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "consumable:o2-removal-catalyst",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.66667e-05,
        "title": "Ag-Mn oxygen-hydrogenation catalyst (R-102) replaced",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "disposal:consumable.o2-removal-catalyst",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.66667e-05,
        "title": "Disposal: Ag-Mn oxygen-hydrogenation catalyst (R-102) replaced (spent silver catalyst to precious-metal recovery)",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "not_computed": [],
    "publishable": false,
    "result": {
      "classification": "partial",
      "gaps": 13,
      "label": "partial screening carbon footprint",
      "publication": "public"
    },
    "sources": [
      "lca/README.md",
      "lca/dataset.yaml",
      "lca/factors.yaml",
      "lca/gaps.csv",
      "lca/inventory.csv",
      "lca/lca.yaml",
      "lca/mappings.yaml",
      "lca/results.csv",
      "lca/results.md"
    ],
    "values_withheld": "stale-run-manifest",
    "withheld_reason": "stale-run-manifest"
  },
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh",
      "key": "consumable:o2-removal-catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh",
      "key": "disposal:consumable.o2-removal-catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Artur Schweidtmann"
    }
  ],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "previews": {
      "sheets": [
        "BFD",
        "PFD"
      ],
      "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
      "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)"
    },
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "Krauss, W., Diekmann, H. (BASF) US 3,110,563 (1963) Process for the production of high percentage nitric oxide",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US3110563A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Kretschmar, M., Leetsch, N. (DOMO Caproleuna) EP 0 945 401 (1999) Process for the preparation of hydroxylammonium sulfate",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0945401A2/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "BASF, US 4,895,711 (1990) Preparation of hydroxylammonium salts",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4895711A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Bender, M., Wilfinger, H. J., Schenkel, A. (BASF) EP 1 343 719 (2003) Continuous preparation of hydroxylammonium salts",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1343719"
    },
    {
      "title": "Fuchs, H., Neubauer, G., Ritz, J., Weiss, F.-J. (BASF) US 4,997,635 (1991) Preparation of crystalline hydroxylammonium sulfate having a low ammonium sulfate content",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4997635A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "BASF, US 4,457,906 (1984) Preparation of hydroxylammonium salts (N2O and explosive gas mixtures)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4457906A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 3 Ch. 3 Chemical Industry Emissions, Tables 3.3 and 3.5",
      "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/3_Volume3/V3_3_Ch3_Chemical_Industry.pdf"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.1002/14356007.a13_527",
      "title": "Ritz, J., Fuchs, H., Perryman, H. G. Hydroxylamine. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (lead only; not read for this design)"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/hydroxylamine-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "bytes": 36728,
      "id": "BFD",
      "kind": "bfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/hydroxylamine-1/BFD.svg",
      "source": "process/BFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Block flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "bytes": 185241,
      "id": "PFD",
      "kind": "pfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/hydroxylamine-1/PFD.svg",
      "source": "process/PFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Process flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "id": "process-model",
      "kind": "process-model",
      "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Flowsheet and stream table"
    },
    {
      "id": "simulation",
      "kind": "simulation",
      "source": "process/simulation.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Process simulation"
    },
    {
      "id": "equipment-list",
      "kind": "equipment-list",
      "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Equipment list"
    },
    {
      "id": "lca",
      "kind": "lca",
      "source": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Life cycle assessment"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nitric oxide made by burning ammonia with oxygen and steam over Pt/Rh is hydrogenated in dilute sulfuric acid over suspended platinum on graphite (BASF-type process) to a 25.4 wt% hydroxylammonium sulfate solution for oximation; ammonia, oxygen, hydrogen and sulfuric acid are boundary feeds. Concept stage, basis set on open patent examples.",
  "title": "Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution)",
  "validation": {
    "notes": "Concept PFD with closed mass, component and element (reaction extent) balances in every block and step (cheme validate, cheme process streams). The five reactors are conversion models calculated by cheme with conversions from open patents (burner yield, O2 hydrogenation, cascade selectivity) or the IPCC default (burner N2O); the separator outlets and all duties are specified values from an independent script (scripts/has_balance.py). Energy closure is not evaluable in core; aqueous speciation of the salt solution is not modelled (core's electrolyte support covers aqueous NaCl only). cheme maturity: none (feeds, purge and per-pass conversion assumed). The preliminary gate-to-gate LCI in lca/ leaves every background unmapped (gaps); its mass balance closes against the flowsheet. Not reviewed. Main products and feeds are listed under chemistry with their chemicals registry entries (issue #251).",
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": {
    "commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "dirty": false,
    "sheets": [
      "process/BFD.xml",
      "process/PFD.xml"
    ],
    "skipped": [],
    "snapshot": "snapshots/hydroxylamine-1/",
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