{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "1000 t/d HNO3 (100 %) as 60 wt% acid, 1666.7 t/d solution (ASSUMED)",
    "location": "generic (not chosen)",
    "operating_hours_per_year": 8000
  },
  "benchmarks": [],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "ammonia",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:NH3: liquid ammonia from storage (e.g. ammonia-1), 0.285 kg/kg HNO3",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "air",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:AIR",
        "note": "Ambient air, 1 mol% humidity (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:PW",
        "note": "Demineralised process water to the absorber",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "nitric-acid",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:ACID",
        "note": "Weak nitric acid 60 wt% to storage, counted by mass of the acid (1.667 kg per kg HNO3)",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:HPS",
        "note": "HP steam 4000 kPa(a), 673 K exported (0.71 kWh heat per kg HNO3)",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "nitrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:STACK",
        "note": "Treated tail gas (N2 with 3 mol% O2); its N2O (2.5 g/kg HNO3) and NO (0.22 g/kg) have no registry entries yet",
        "role": "emission"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:POWER",
        "note": "Compressor-train motor deficit and pump (ASSUMED electric motor on the train)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:LPS",
        "note": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) to the SCR ammonia vaporiser",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CW",
        "note": "25/35 C (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Liquid ammonia is evaporated against the absorber's chilled-water loop and mixed with\ncompressed air to 10 mol% NH3. The adiabatic Pt/Rh gauze converts it completely: 95.5 % to NO\n(assumed selectivity), N2O at the IPCC 2006 default for medium-pressure combustion plants\n(7 kg N2O per t HNO3), the rest to N2. A waste-heat boiler, tail-gas heater and economiser\nrecover the heat; the cooler-condenser forms weak acid. The NOx compressor raises the gas to\nabsorption pressure; the absorber and bleacher are a specification model (60 wt% product,\n500 ppmv NOx in the tail gas), not a reactive-absorption model. A tertiary reactor decomposes\nN2O to the IPCC default for plants with tail-gas N2O destruction (2.5 kg per t HNO3) and\nreduces NOx with ammonia; the expander drives the compressor train.\n\nAll values are concept estimates from an independent balance script whose property method is\nnot qualified by ChemE-as-Code for nitrous gas and aqueous nitric acid; see\nDESIGN.md of the engineering files for every assumption and gated step.\n",
  "design_basis": {
    "assumptions": [
      "ASSUMED dual-pressure scheme: ammonia oxidation at about 0.5 MPa(a), absorption at about 1.1 MPa(a) (D-003).",
      "ASSUMED burner feed 10.0 mol% NH3 in air; complete NH3 conversion; NO selectivity 0.955 (D-005).",
      "N2O formed at the gauze from the IPCC 2006 default for medium-pressure combustion plants, 7 kg N2O / t HNO3 (Vol. 3 Ch. 3 Table 3.3, p. 3.23); the rest of the unselective NH3 to N2 (D-005).",
      "ASSUMED cooler-condenser weak acid 42 wt%, gas leaving with 0.9 mol% water and NO2/(NO+NO2) = 0.5 (D-007).",
      "ASSUMED absorber specification model: tail gas 500 ppmv NOx (as NO), 3.0 mol% O2, 0.4 mol% H2O; raw acid 0.5 wt% dissolved NOx (as NO2) stripped in the bleacher by secondary air (D-008).",
      "Tertiary tail-gas treatment at 703 K: N2O destruction to the IPCC default 2.5 kg N2O / t HNO3 for tail-gas N2O destruction (Table 3.3), SCR of 90 % of the NO with NH3, no slip (ASSUMED, D-009).",
      "ASSUMED isentropic efficiencies: air compressor 0.85, NOx compressor 0.80, tail-gas expander 0.85; drive and gear losses neglected (D-011).",
      "All flows, temperatures and duties are concept estimates from an unqualified property method (D-010); accuracy not stated."
    ],
    "source": "process/design-basis.yaml"
  },
  "engineering": {
    "description": "",
    "name": "Nitric acid (dual-pressure Ostwald)",
    "requires": "cheme-as-code>=0.8",
    "stage": "concept",
    "stages": [
      {
        "id": "concept",
        "title": "Concept and feasibility"
      },
      {
        "id": "basic",
        "title": "Basic engineering"
      },
      {
        "id": "detail",
        "title": "Detail engineering"
      }
    ],
    "tool": "plantcode"
  },
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil",
      "atmospheric",
      "water"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals",
      "fertilizers"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "compression",
      "reaction",
      "heat-exchange",
      "absorption",
      "expansion"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "nitric-acid"
  ],
  "gap_count": 0,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "nitric-acid-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Anitric-acid-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Anitric-acid-1&process=nitric-acid-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Anitric-acid-1&process=nitric-acid-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Anitric-acid-1&process=nitric-acid-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Anitric-acid-1&process=nitric-acid-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Anitric-acid-1&process=nitric-acid-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Anitric-acid-1&process=nitric-acid-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "nitric acid",
    "Ostwald process",
    "ammonia oxidation",
    "dual pressure",
    "platinum-rhodium gauze",
    "absorption",
    "bleaching",
    "N2O abatement",
    "tertiary abatement",
    "SCR",
    "tail-gas expander",
    "weak acid"
  ],
  "lca": {
    "allocation": "shares",
    "backend": "factors",
    "boundary": "cradle-to-gate",
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "title": "Climate change",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "data_sources": [],
    "factors_status": "published",
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1,
      "chemical": "nitric-acid",
      "grade": null,
      "label": "1 kg nitric acid",
      "product": "ACID",
      "product_name": "Nitric acid",
      "product_title": "Weak nitric acid 60 wt% to storage",
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "goal": "Preliminary cradle-to-gate life cycle inventory of weak nitric acid (60 wt%) from a dual-pressure Ostwald plant at concept stage, per kg of contained HNO3, with every background still open: only the foreground exchanges from the balanced flowsheet are quantified, the backgrounds (ammonia above all) are gaps to be linked later. It shows the direct N2O and NOx emissions with tertiary abatement; the unabated alternative is given in DESIGN.md D-009. Not a product carbon footprint: the climate-change result is the direct N2O emission of the plant only (D-014).",
    "inventory": [
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:NH3",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.285411,
        "title": "Liquid ammonia from storage",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:AIR",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 5.12024,
        "title": "Ambient air",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:PW",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.336943,
        "title": "Process water (demineralised)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.100481,
        "title": "Electric power",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:LPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.000400577,
        "title": "LP steam 450 kPa(a)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:ACID",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.66667,
        "title": "Weak nitric acid 60 wt% to storage",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:STACK",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 4.07593,
        "title": "Treated tail gas to stack",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:HPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.707529,
        "title": "HP steam export (4000 kPa(a), 673 K)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.1282,
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:AR",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0655565,
        "title": "AR to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0121489,
        "title": "H2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:HNO3",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "HNO3 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:N2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 3.85592,
        "title": "N2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:N2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00249997,
        "title": "N2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NH3",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "NH3 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NO",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.000216403,
        "title": "NO to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NO2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "NO2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:O2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.13959,
        "title": "O2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "consumable:pt-rh-gauze-loss",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.5e-07,
        "title": "Pt/Rh gauze metal lost to the process gas",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "not_computed": [],
    "publishable": false,
    "result": {
      "classification": "partial",
      "gaps": 6,
      "label": "partial screening carbon footprint",
      "publication": "public"
    },
    "sources": [
      "lca/README.md",
      "lca/dataset.yaml",
      "lca/factors.yaml",
      "lca/gaps.csv",
      "lca/inventory.csv",
      "lca/lca.yaml",
      "lca/mappings.yaml",
      "lca/results.csv",
      "lca/results.md"
    ],
    "values_withheld": "stale-run-manifest",
    "withheld_reason": "stale-run-manifest"
  },
  "lci_gaps": [],
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Artur Schweidtmann"
    }
  ],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": false,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "previews": {
      "sheets": [
        "BFD",
        "PFD"
      ],
      "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
      "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)"
    },
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "European Commission JRC (2007) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Manufacture of Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers (LVIC-AAF BREF), Chapter 3 Nitric acid",
      "url": "https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2022-03/LVIC-AAF.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 3 Industrial Processes and Product Use, Ch. 3 Chemical Industry Emissions, section 3.3 Nitric acid production, Table 3.3",
      "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/3_Volume3/V3_3_Ch3_Chemical_Industry.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/nitric-acid-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "bytes": 34694,
      "id": "BFD",
      "kind": "bfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/nitric-acid-1/BFD.svg",
      "source": "process/BFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Block flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "bytes": 173354,
      "id": "PFD",
      "kind": "pfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/nitric-acid-1/PFD.svg",
      "source": "process/PFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Process flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "id": "process-model",
      "kind": "process-model",
      "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Flowsheet and stream table"
    },
    {
      "id": "simulation",
      "kind": "simulation",
      "source": "process/simulation.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Process simulation"
    },
    {
      "id": "equipment-list",
      "kind": "equipment-list",
      "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Equipment list"
    },
    {
      "id": "lca",
      "kind": "lca",
      "source": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Life cycle assessment"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Dual-pressure Ostwald process: ammonia burned with air over Pt/Rh gauze at about 0.5 MPa, heat recovered to HP steam, nitrous gas compressed and absorbed in water at about 1.1 MPa to 60 wt% nitric acid, tail gas treated for N2O and NOx and expanded. Concept stage, assumed basis.",
  "title": "Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid)",
  "validation": {
    "notes": "Concept PFD with closed mass, component and element balances (cheme validate, cheme process streams: every block and step closes, reaction extents explain every composition change). cheme maturity reaches no level: the capacity, feeds and the burner NO selectivity are assumed, and the separator, absorber and bleacher outlets and all duties come from the independent script scripts/hno3_balance.py (ideal-gas enthalpies, assumed heat of mixing of the acid), which core cannot qualify (no property package for nitrous gas with water or aqueous nitric acid, no reactive-absorption model: core's property-package qualification and electrolyte support). Energy closure is not evaluable in core; the script closes its own energy balance to 7 kW of 62 MW. The N2O formation and abated emission rest on the IPCC 2006 default factors (Table 3.3), not on plant data. Preliminary cradle-to-gate LCI with every background open (foreground only, gaps), see DESIGN.md D-014. Not reviewed. Main products and feeds are listed under chemistry with their chemicals registry entries (issue #251).",
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": {
    "commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "dirty": false,
    "sheets": [
      "process/BFD.xml",
      "process/PFD.xml"
    ],
    "skipped": [],
    "snapshot": "snapshots/nitric-acid-1/",
    "stale": false,
    "tool": "cheme-as-code 1.6.0",
    "views": [
      "checks",
      "streams"
    ]
  }
}