{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of PET resin (the dataset's basis); no plant size"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "expression": "(feed:terephthalic-acid + feed:isophthalic-acid) / product:pet",
      "family": "polymers",
      "kpi": "pet-specific-diacid",
      "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "EU",
          "technology": "continuous polycondensation based on TPA (fibre and other grades); the food-packaging grade has its own energy figure only"
        },
        "id": "bref-pol-pet-tpa-diacid",
        "note": "The source labels the row DMT/TPA and does not say whether comonomer acids are counted. Its lower end is below the 0.8645 t/t that the homopolymer's stoichiometry needs, which suggests comonomers or a different product mix; that reading is ours.",
        "range": [
          0.825,
          0.87
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "European Commission JRC (2007) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Production of Polymers (POL BREF), August 2007",
          "kind": "bref",
          "locator": "Table 10.4, p. 170",
          "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/pol_bref_0807.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Terephthalic (and isophthalic) acid per t of PET",
      "unit": "t/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / product:pet",
      "family": "polymers",
      "kpi": "pet-specific-electricity",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "Western Europe",
          "technology": "PET production, process and grade not named",
          "year": 2009
        },
        "id": "iea-2009-pet-electricity",
        "note": "From the best-practice value (0.7 GJ/t, Table 1, after Boustead 2008) to the estimated current Western European average (0.8 GJ/t, Table 13), in final energy terms, converted at 3.6 MJ/kWh. Table 13 names no source for PET, so by its footnote 1 the average is the best-practice value plus 20 %, not a survey. The same rows give 4.1 GJ/t (best practice) and 4.9 GJ/t (average) of fuel. Independent of the dataset, which takes NAPCOR's US figure.",
        "range": [
          194.4,
          222.2
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Saygin, D., Patel, M.K., Tam, C., Gielen, D.J. (2009) Chemical and Petrochemical Sector: Potential of best practice technology and other measures for improving energy efficiency. IEA Information Paper, OECD/IEA, Paris",
          "kind": "iea",
          "locator": "Table 1, p. 16, and Table 13, p. 52",
          "url": "https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/c2d071e4-4142-44f1-8a41-88ece29be439/ChemicalandPetrochemicalSector.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of PET",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "expression": "feed:ethylene-glycol / product:pet",
      "family": "polymers",
      "kpi": "pet-specific-ethylene-glycol",
      "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "region": "EU",
          "technology": "continuous polycondensation based on TPA"
        },
        "id": "bref-pol-pet-tpa-eg",
        "range": [
          0.32,
          0.355
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "European Commission JRC (2007) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Production of Polymers (POL BREF), August 2007",
          "kind": "bref",
          "locator": "Table 10.4, p. 170",
          "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/pol_bref_0807.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Ethylene glycol per t of PET",
      "unit": "t/t",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "terephthalic-acid",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:terephthalic-acid",
        "note": "purified terephthalic acid (PTA); linked to terephthalic-acid-1 (lca/mappings.yaml)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "isophthalic-acid",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:isophthalic-acid",
        "note": "comonomer of bottle grade",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "ethylene-glycol",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:ethylene-glycol",
        "note": "linked to ethylene-glycol-1 (lca/mappings.yaml)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "methane",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:natural-gas",
        "note": "natural gas for the heat-transfer-medium heaters, taken as pure methane (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "air",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "combustion air, free; its O2 is feed:O2",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:water",
        "note": "water consumed (withdrawn and not returned)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "polyethylene-terephthalate",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:pet",
        "note": "bottle-grade resin after solid-state polycondensation",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CO2",
        "note": "from the natural gas fired in the heaters",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:H2O",
        "note": "combustion water vapour",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "acetaldehyde",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CH3CHO",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:wastewater",
        "note": "reaction water",
        "role": "waste"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "polymers"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "distillation",
      "combustion"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "polymers"
  ],
  "gap_count": 8,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "pet-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Apet-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Apet-1&process=pet-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Apet-1&process=pet-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Apet-1&process=pet-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Apet-1&process=pet-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Apet-1&process=pet-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Apet-1&process=pet-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "polyethylene terephthalate",
    "PET",
    "polyester",
    "PTA",
    "terephthalic acid",
    "ethylene glycol",
    "polycondensation",
    "solid-state polycondensation",
    "SSP"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "key": "feed:isophthalic-acid",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "key": "input:catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "key": "input:stabiliser",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "key": "output:polymer-waste",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "key": "output:other-waste",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "key": "output:hazardous-waste",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "key": "emission:CH3CHO",
      "link": "biosphere",
      "type": "emission"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "pet-pta-continuous-ssp",
      "key": "emission:C2H6O2",
      "link": "biosphere",
      "type": "emission"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "European Commission JRC (2007) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Production of Polymers (POL BREF), August 2007, chapter 10",
      "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/pol_bref_0807.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Franklin Associates (2020) Cradle-to-resin life cycle analysis of polyethylene terephthalate resin, prepared for NAPCOR (revised 3.2.20), Table 36",
      "url": "https://napcor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Final-Revised-Virgin-PET-Resin-LCA.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Saygin, D., Patel, M.K., Tam, C., Gielen, D.J. (2009) Chemical and Petrochemical Sector: Potential of best practice technology and other measures for improving energy efficiency. IEA Information Paper, OECD/IEA, Tables 1 and 13 (benchmark reference only)",
      "url": "https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/c2d071e4-4142-44f1-8a41-88ece29be439/ChemicalandPetrochemicalSector.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/pet-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of bottle-grade PET resin: feeds from stoichiometry with POL BREF losses, electricity, natural gas and water from a US industry average (NAPCOR 2020). No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}