{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of phthalimide (the dataset's basis); no plant size"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "phthalimide-pa-ammonia-continuous",
      "expression": "feed:ammonia / product:phthalimide",
      "family": "nitrogen-organics",
      "kpi": "phthalimide-specific-ammonia",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source independent of the dataset gives an ammonia consumption for phthalimide (2026-11-05). The only figures found are the dataset's own source, US 4,419,519 Examples 1 and 2 (82.5/709 and 46/395, 0.1164 to 0.1165 t/t at 1.000 and 1.003 mol NH3 per mol anhydride), so they are not bound here. US 4,001,273 (Example 1, a countercurrent column at 1 mol NH3 per mol anhydride) has a single run whose phthalimide leaves partly as flakes and partly in a washed off-gas sent on to anthranilic acid, so its ammonia per t depends on how the off-gas share is counted (about 0.12 to 0.15 t/t); not bound. The Chemcess summary says excess ammonia for the co-current tube, without a figure. Ullmann's chapter (later edition doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_181.pub3; Chemcess cites the earlier .pub2) is licensed and was not read.",
      "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Ammonia consumption per t of phthalimide",
      "unit": "t/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "phthalimide-pa-ammonia-continuous",
      "expression": "feed:phthalic-anhydride / product:phthalimide",
      "family": "nitrogen-organics",
      "kpi": "phthalimide-specific-anhydride",
      "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "purity": "99 %",
          "technology": "co-current packed tube, excess ammonia, 250 to 280 degC, product by sublimation"
        },
        "id": "chemcess-tube-yield",
        "note": "A single yield of 98 % for the co-current vertical tube with excess ammonia and a sublimation chamber, converted by us to anhydride per phthalimide with the molar masses (148.117 / 147.133 / 0.98); a zero-width range, not widened. A secondary web summary whose only reference is Ullmann's chapter Phthalic Acid and Derivatives in the edition doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_181.pub2, so the 98 % is that edition's figure as Chemcess gives it; the chapter was not read (nor the later edition, .pub3).",
        "range": [
          1.0272,
          1.0272
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Chemcess (n.d.) Phthalimide: properties, reactions, production and uses, section 3.1. Primary source as Chemcess gives it: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Phthalic Acid and Derivatives, doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_181.pub2 (via Chemcess, not read)",
          "kind": "other",
          "locator": "Section 3.1",
          "url": "https://chemcess.com/?p=28683"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Phthalic anhydride consumption per t of phthalimide",
      "unit": "t/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "phthalimide-pa-ammonia-continuous",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / product:phthalimide",
      "family": "nitrogen-organics",
      "kpi": "phthalimide-specific-electricity",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with an electricity figure for phthalimide found (2026-11-05). Read: US 4,419,519 and US 4,001,273 (full text, no utility data), the Chemcess summary (no energy figures). Searched the web for phthalimide energy or steam per tonne: only phthalic anhydride figures came up. Ullmann's chapter (later edition doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_181.pub3; Chemcess cites the earlier .pub2) is licensed and was not read. The dataset's value is core's Tier 0 default, ASSUMED.",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of phthalimide",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "phthalimide-pa-ammonia-continuous",
      "expression": "feed:heat / product:phthalimide",
      "family": "nitrogen-organics",
      "kpi": "phthalimide-specific-heat",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with a heat or steam figure for phthalimide found (2026-11-05); same search as the electricity KPI. The patents only state that the reaction is exothermic and that the feeds and the tube are heated. The dataset's value is core's Tier 0 default, ASSUMED.",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Heat per t of phthalimide",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "phthalic-anhydride",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:phthalic-anhydride",
        "note": "molten, bought in: no library process makes it",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "ammonia",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:ammonia",
        "note": "vaporised; linked to ammonia-1",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "phthalimide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:phthalimide",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "output:wastewater",
        "note": "reaction water from the off-gas absorber; the absorption water itself is not counted (TODO)",
        "role": "waste"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "note": "core's Tier 0 default (ASSUMED, dated)",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "absorption"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "nitrogen-organics"
  ],
  "gap_count": 3,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "phthalimide-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Aphthalimide-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Aphthalimide-1&process=phthalimide-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Aphthalimide-1&process=phthalimide-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Aphthalimide-1&process=phthalimide-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Aphthalimide-1&process=phthalimide-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Aphthalimide-1&process=phthalimide-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Aphthalimide-1&process=phthalimide-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "phthalimide",
    "phthalic anhydride",
    "ammonia",
    "ammonolysis",
    "imidation",
    "melt reaction",
    "flaking"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "phthalimide-pa-ammonia-continuous",
      "key": "feed:phthalic-anhydride",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "phthalimide-pa-ammonia-continuous",
      "key": "output:ammonia-effluent",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "phthalimide-pa-ammonia-continuous",
      "key": "output:phthalic-anhydride-effluent",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "BASF AG (1983) Continuous preparation of phthalimide. US Patent 4,419,519 (description and Examples 1 and 2)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4419519A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "BASF AG (1977) Continuous manufacture of phthalimide. US Patent 4,001,273 (route context: countercurrent column and off-gas wash)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4001273A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Chemcess: Phthalimide: properties, reactions, production and uses (secondary summary citing Ullmann's; continuous industrial practice, tube-process yield)",
      "url": "https://chemcess.com/?p=28683"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/phthalimide-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Tier 0 screening per tonne of phthalimide: stoichiometry with a BASF patent's yield and ammonia ratio (ejector and tube reactor, continuous), electricity and heat from core's defaults. Phthalic anhydride is bought in. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Phthalimide by continuous reaction of molten phthalic anhydride with ammonia",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}