{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "1000 t/a dried potassium tert-butoxide: 1202 batches/a of 831.6 kg in 7920 h on a dedicated train (126.26 kg/h year average), ASSUMED (DESIGN.md D-002, D-003, D-013)",
    "location": "generic fine-chemicals site with a potassium metal supply, a flare and wastewater treatment (not chosen)",
    "operating_hours_per_year": 7920
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "potassium-tert-butoxide-from-potassium-and-dry-tert-butanol-by-semi-batch-alcohol-strip-and-vacuum-drying",
      "expression": "feed:K / product:KOTBU",
      "family": "oxygenates",
      "kpi": "kotbu-specific-potassium",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with a plant's potassium use per kg of potassium tert-butoxide found (searched 2026-11-06: Google Patents US 4 577 045 A, US 5 053 560 A and US 6 150 569 A read, the KOH and amalgam routes, the metal route only as prior art without figures; Organic Syntheses Coll. Vol. 4, 132 and Coll. Vol. 5, 1060 read, laboratory preparations used in situ without a yield of the isolated alkoxide; Wikipedia, Potassium tert-butoxide, the route without figures). The stoichiometric floor is 0.3484 kg/kg (K + tert-butanol -> KOtBu + 1/2 H2), a limit, not a range of real plants.",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Potassium metal consumption per kg of potassium tert-butoxide",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "potassium-tert-butoxide-from-potassium-and-dry-tert-butanol-by-semi-batch-alcohol-strip-and-vacuum-drying",
      "expression": "feed:TBAF / product:KOTBU",
      "family": "oxygenates",
      "kpi": "kotbu-specific-tert-butanol",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source with a plant's tert-butanol use per kg of potassium tert-butoxide found (searched 2026-11-06, the sources named under kotbu-specific-potassium; US 4 577 045 A says the alcohol is recycled almost completely, without a figure). The stoichiometric floor is 0.6606 kg/kg; the losses to the vent, the purge and the sieve's regeneration are this design's ASSUMED values (potassium-tert-butoxide-1, DESIGN.md D-006, D-007).",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "tert-Butanol consumption per kg of potassium tert-butoxide",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "potassium",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:K",
        "note": "feed:K: technical potassium metal (merchant), 0.348 kg/kg KOtBu, melted and dosed; no library process makes it (proxy KCl + Na recorded, D-012)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "tert-butanol",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:TBAF",
        "note": "feed:TBAF: the tert-butanol of the azeotrope grade (tert-butanol-1, kg of alcohol contained), 0.734 kg/kg KOtBu; dried on site past the azeotrope (A-001)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:TBAW",
        "note": "feed:TBAW: the azeotrope grade's 11.76 wt% water, 0.098 kg/kg KOtBu, removed by the sieve unit",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "nitrogen",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "consumable:nitrogen",
        "note": "Nitrogen (asu-1) for inerting, blankets, the potassium's pressing, the dryer's bleed and the vent header's purge, 95.7 kg per batch, 0.115 kg/kg KOtBu (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "potassium-tert-butoxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:KOTBU",
        "note": "Dried potassium tert-butoxide powder to packing under nitrogen; modelled 99.47 wt% KOtBu, 0.23 wt% KOH, 0.30 wt% tert-butanol, an upper bound on the assay (the metal's sodium, handling moisture and decomposition not modelled)",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "wastewater",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:WW",
        "note": "Sieve regeneration condensate, 0.104 kg/kg KOtBu, water with about 7 wt% tert-butanol, to wastewater treatment",
        "role": "waste"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:POWER",
        "note": "0.325 kWh/kg KOtBu: agitators of R-101 and C-101, the paddle dryer's drive and vacuum pump, and the sieve's regeneration heater and blower (0.154 kWh) (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:LPS",
        "note": "1.188 kWh (4.28 MJ)/kg KOtBu of LP steam: the still's reboiler (0.714 kWh, the charge's heat-up and the metal included), the sieve's evaporator (0.223 kWh), R-101's warm-up, the potassium melter and tank heating",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:MPS",
        "note": "0.357 kWh (1.29 MJ)/kg KOtBu of MP steam to the paddle dryer at 433 K (cheme's dryer model, the vessel's metal each batch included)",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CW",
        "note": "1.774 kWh/kg KOtBu removed by cooling water, through a closed tempered-water loop at 303/313 K that keeps every condenser wall above tert-butanol's freezing point (298.3 K, D-009): the heat of reaction and R-101's vent condenser (R101's model), the still's condenser, the dryer's vapour condenser and product cooling, the recycle cooler and the sieve's condensers",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "The route is the classic one: potassium metal with dry tert-butanol in excess (Wikipedia,\nPotassium tert-butoxide; Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 4, 132 and Coll. Vol. 5, 1060, where the\nmolten metal disperses in the stirred alcohol and dissolves at a rate set by the stirring, the\nalcohol refluxing and hydrogen leaving), with the excess alcohol distilled off and the solid\nheated (Wikipedia; US 4 577 045 A dries its product at 160 C and 10 mbar). The KOH route with\nazeotropic water removal (US 4 577 045 A, US 5 053 560 A) and the amalgam route (US 6 150 569\nA) are recorded as alternatives (DESIGN.md D-001). Per mol of potassium 8.6 mol of tert-butanol\nare charged (Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 4, 132), so that the alkoxide stays dissolved at\n16.6 wt% (US 4 577 045 A runs its solution at 10-18 wt%, ASSUMED to hold at 348 K). The make-up arrives as the\nazeotrope with 11.76 wt% water (US 5 053 560 A); tert-butanol-1 counts the alcohol contained\nand leaves out the drying past the azeotrope, so this plant dries it on a vapour-phase 3A\nmolecular sieve (ASSUMED design, a specified split from scripts/makeup_drying.py) to 0.1 wt%\nwater, which the potassium then takes to KOH. The modelled product is 99.47 wt% KOtBu, 0.23\nwt% KOH and 0.30 wt% tert-butanol, an upper bound on the assay (the metal's sodium, moisture\npicked up in handling and any decomposition are not modelled; no open product specification\nwas read). The modelled yield is 99.5 % on potassium (the rest is KOH) and 89.5 % on the\ntert-butanol bought: 5.7 % of it goes to the flare (with the hydrogen and the dryer's nitrogen\nbleed), 3.4 % with the purge,\n1 % with the sieve's regeneration and 0.4 % with the product.\n\nThe batch is modelled with cheme-as-code 1.10.0: the reactor R101 is a semi-batch (reactor:\nsemibatch) whose hydrogen leaves by a vent as it forms (batch.vent, core ADR 0054), saturated\nwith the alcohol's vapour through a vent condenser at 308 K, on tempered water at 303/313 K so\nthat no alcohol freezes on its tubes, whose condensate returns (vent\nvapour and condenser, core ADR 0062); the still is core's batch still with the charge's heat-up\nand the vessel's metal (core ADRs 0055, 0063), its reboiler and condenser duties written by the\nmodel (core ADRs 0059, 0061); the paddle dryer is core's dryer to a residual alcohol content\n(core ADR 0057); the alcohol loop converges at its tear (core ADR 0060). The recipe gives the\ncycle (6.586 h, R-101 the bottleneck, 1202 batches a year), sizes the vessels and checks\nR-101's jacket. Kinetics and heats of reaction are ASSUMED (no open data): the dispersed metal\naccumulates to 3.1 % and the cooling-failure temperature reaches 350.1 K against an MTT of\n355.45 K (tert-butanol's boiling point), the gas released with the liquid's vapour 133.4 m3/h\nagainst an ASSUMED vent capacity of 200 m3/h (core ADR 0058); a ten times slower rate takes the\nMTSR to 366.9 K, above the MTT: the alcohol would boil in a cooling failure. The hydrogen and the\npotassium's reaction with water are the plant's main hazards (DESIGN.md D-011).\n",
  "design_basis": {
    "assumptions": [
      "Route: potassium metal with an excess of dry tert-butanol, the metal molten and dispersed, the hydrogen vented (Organic Syntheses Coll. Vol. 4, 132 and Coll. Vol. 5, 1060; Wikipedia; D-001); 8.6 mol of tert-butanol per mol of potassium in the charge (D-004).",
      "ASSUMED kinetics and heats of reaction (no open data, D-005): an effective first-order rate in the dispersed metal, k = 3e-3 1/s at 348 K; -135 kJ/mol for the alkoxide and -138.8 kJ/mol for the water's reaction.",
      "ASSUMED stripping to the 1:1 solvate in an ideal-liquid batch still and vacuum drying at 433 K to 0.3 wt% tert-butanol (D-007, D-008).",
      "ASSUMED vapour-phase 3A molecular-sieve drying of the azeotropic make-up to 0.1 wt% water, 1 % of its alcohol lost to the regeneration (D-004).",
      "All flows are year averages of the recipe (D-003); the duties of R101, its vent condenser and the still from the models (written by cheme process propagate), the dryer's from cheme's dryer model, the sieve unit's from scripts/makeup_drying.py, the others hand arithmetic from the stream table (D-009); accuracy +/-30 % not demonstrated."
    ],
    "source": "process/design-basis.yaml"
  },
  "engineering": {
    "description": "Potassium tert-butoxide from molten potassium and dry tert-butanol: a vented semi-batch (hydrogen to the flare, the vent's alcohol vapour through a vent condenser), a batch still, a vacuum paddle dryer and the alcohol recycled at a tear; a batch plant, concept stage (issue ChemE-as-Code/process-library#418)",
    "name": "Potassium tert-butoxide",
    "requires": "cheme-as-code>=1.10",
    "stage": "concept",
    "stages": [
      {
        "id": "concept",
        "title": "Concept and feasibility"
      },
      {
        "id": "basic",
        "title": "Basic engineering"
      },
      {
        "id": "detail",
        "title": "Detail engineering"
      }
    ],
    "tool": "plantcode"
  },
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil",
      "mineral",
      "electricity"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "distillation",
      "drying",
      "adsorption"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "oxygenates"
  ],
  "gap_count": 4,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "potassium-tert-butoxide-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Apotassium-tert-butoxide-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Apotassium-tert-butoxide-1&process=potassium-tert-butoxide-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Apotassium-tert-butoxide-1&process=potassium-tert-butoxide-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Apotassium-tert-butoxide-1&process=potassium-tert-butoxide-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Apotassium-tert-butoxide-1&process=potassium-tert-butoxide-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Apotassium-tert-butoxide-1&process=potassium-tert-butoxide-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Apotassium-tert-butoxide-1&process=potassium-tert-butoxide-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "potassium tert-butoxide",
    "potassium tert-butylate",
    "KOtBu",
    "potassium",
    "tert-butanol",
    "alkoxide",
    "alcoholate",
    "hydrogen",
    "semi-batch",
    "batch",
    "molten metal",
    "vent condenser",
    "batch still",
    "vacuum dryer",
    "paddle dryer",
    "molecular sieve",
    "azeotrope",
    "flare",
    "fine chemicals",
    "strong base"
  ],
  "lca": {
    "allocation": null,
    "backend": "factors",
    "boundary": "cradle-to-gate",
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "title": "Climate change",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "contributions": [],
    "data_sources": [],
    "factors_status": "none",
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1,
      "chemical": "potassium-tert-butoxide",
      "grade": null,
      "label": "1 kg potassium tert-butoxide",
      "product": "KOTBU",
      "product_name": "Potassium tert-butoxide",
      "product_title": "Potassium tert-butoxide powder to packing under nitrogen",
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "goal": "Preliminary gate-to-gate life cycle inventory of potassium tert-butoxide made from molten potassium and an excess of dry tert-butanol in a semi-batch, the hydrogen flared, the excess alcohol stripped in a batch still and recycled, the solvate dried to the alcohol-free powder under vacuum, and the make-up tert-butanol dried past its azeotrope with water on a molecular sieve, at the concept stage: which raw materials, utilities and wastes the batch plant exchanges per kg of dried potassium tert-butoxide, as the foreground for a later cradle-to-gate study. No impact results: most backgrounds are not mapped yet (D-012).",
    "inventory": [
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:K",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.348175,
        "title": "Potassium metal (merchant)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:TBAF",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.734238,
        "title": "tert-Butanol, azeotrope grade, the alcohol contained (tert-butanol-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:TBAW",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0978545,
        "title": "Water of the azeotrope grade (with the tert-butanol of tert-butanol-1)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.325158,
        "title": "Electric power",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:LPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.18841,
        "title": "LP steam 350 kPa(a) (R-101 heat-up, the still, the potassium melter, the sieve's evaporator, tank heating)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:MPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.357294,
        "title": "MP steam 1000 kPa(a) (the dryer DR-101)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:KOTBU",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 1.0,
        "title": "Potassium tert-butoxide powder to packing under nitrogen",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:FLARE",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.0509043,
        "title": "Vent gas (hydrogen with tert-butanol vapour) to the site flare",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:WSOLV",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "calculated",
        "quantity": 0.0248885,
        "title": "Alcohol purge to solvent incineration",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:WW",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.104469,
        "title": "Sieve regeneration condensate to wastewater treatment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.77401,
        "title": "Tempered water return (closed loop on the site's cooling water)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "consumable:nitrogen",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.11508,
        "title": "Nitrogen for inerting R-101, blanketing C-101 and the tanks, pressing the potassium, the dryer's bleed and vacuum breaks and the vent header's purge",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "disposal:consumable.nitrogen",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.11508,
        "title": "Disposal: Nitrogen for inerting R-101, blanketing C-101 and the tanks, pressing the potassium, the dryer's bleed and vacuum breaks and the vent header's purge (through the vent header to the site flare, unchanged (D-012))",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "no_total": {
      "baseline": {
        "climate-change": {
          "gaps": 12,
          "reason": "every-contribution-a-gap"
        }
      }
    },
    "not_computed": [
      "climate-change"
    ],
    "pcf": [],
    "publishable": true,
    "result": {
      "classification": "partial",
      "gaps": 12,
      "label": "partial screening carbon footprint",
      "publication": "public"
    },
    "sources": [
      "lca/README.md",
      "lca/dataset.yaml",
      "lca/factors.yaml",
      "lca/gaps.csv",
      "lca/inventory.csv",
      "lca/lca.yaml",
      "lca/mappings.yaml",
      "lca/results.csv",
      "lca/results.md"
    ],
    "totals": {
      "baseline": {}
    },
    "withheld_reason": null
  },
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "potassium-tert-butoxide-from-potassium-and-dry-tert-butanol-by-semi-batch-alcohol-strip-and-vacuum-drying",
      "key": "feed:K",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "potassium-tert-butoxide-from-potassium-and-dry-tert-butanol-by-semi-batch-alcohol-strip-and-vacuum-drying",
      "key": "product:FLARE",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "potassium-tert-butoxide-from-potassium-and-dry-tert-butanol-by-semi-batch-alcohol-strip-and-vacuum-drying",
      "key": "product:WSOLV",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "potassium-tert-butoxide-from-potassium-and-dry-tert-butanol-by-semi-batch-alcohol-strip-and-vacuum-drying",
      "key": "disposal:consumable.nitrogen",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Artur Schweidtmann"
    }
  ],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": {
      "sheets": [
        "BFD",
        "PFD"
      ],
      "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
      "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)"
    },
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "doi": "10.15227/orgsyn.030.0018",
      "title": "Johnson, W. S.; Schneider, W. P. (1950) beta-Carbethoxy-gamma,gamma-diphenylvinylacetic acid, Organic Syntheses Coll. Vol. 4, p. 132 (1963); Vol. 30, p. 18 (potassium dissolved in boiling dry tert-butanol under nitrogen, hydrogen liberated, more than 4 h for pieces; the safe handling of potassium; tert-butanol dried over sodium)"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.15227/orgsyn.041.0101",
      "title": "Ugi, I.; Meyr, R. (1961) o-Tolyl isocyanide, Organic Syntheses Coll. Vol. 5, p. 1060 (1973); Vol. 41, p. 101 (100 g potassium in 1250 mL dry tert-butanol: the mixture warms to the metal's melting point, the metal disperses and dissolves at a rate regulated by the stirring, the alcohol refluxing; the alkoxide precipitates where less alcohol is used than dissolves it)"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.15227/orgsyn.057.0045",
      "title": "Pope, B. M.; Yamamoto, Y.; Tarbell, D. S. (1977) Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, Organic Syntheses Coll. Vol. 6, p. 418 (1988); Vol. 57, p. 45 (Note 3: alcohol-free potassium tert-butoxide, and its 1:1 complex with tert-butanol)"
    },
    {
      "title": "Dynamit Nobel AG (1984/1986) US4577045A: Method for the production of anhydrous potassium tert.butoxide (from aqueous KOH and tert-butanol with cyclohexane or hexane in a column; 10-18 wt% solution; the metal route as prior art; product concentrated at 40 C and 100 mbar, dried at 160 C and 10 mbar)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US4577045A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Huels AG (published 1991) US5053560A: Method for the continuous production of potassium tert-butoxide (from KOH; tert-butanol with up to 11.76 wt% water, the azeotrope's composition)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US5053560"
    },
    {
      "title": "Huels AG (1998/2000) US6150569A: Process for preparing alkali metal alkoxides, in particular potassium tert-butoxide, by microheterogeneous catalysis (alkali amalgam with tert-butanol; the prior art's unsatisfactory space-time yield)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US6150569"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia, Potassium tert-butoxide (preparation from dry tert-butanol and potassium, the solid by evaporating and heating; sublimation 220 C at 1 mmHg; melting point 256 C; H228, H252, H314)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_tert-butoxide"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia, Potassium (melting point 336.7 K, liquid density; the vigorous reaction with water igniting its hydrogen; production by sodium reduction of KCl)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium"
    },
    {
      "title": "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69: tert-butanol (C75650) phase-change data and Antoine constants",
      "url": "https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C75650&Mask=4"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.1002/9783527621606",
      "title": "Stoessel, F. (2008) Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes, Wiley-VCH (accumulation and MTSR of a semi-batch; method reference, not data)"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/potassium-tert-butoxide-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "bytes": 42340,
      "id": "BFD",
      "kind": "bfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/potassium-tert-butoxide-1/BFD.svg",
      "source": "process/BFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Block flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "bytes": 140117,
      "id": "PFD",
      "kind": "pfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/potassium-tert-butoxide-1/PFD.svg",
      "source": "process/PFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Process flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "id": "process-model",
      "kind": "process-model",
      "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Flowsheet and stream table"
    },
    {
      "id": "equipment-list",
      "kind": "equipment-list",
      "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Equipment list"
    },
    {
      "id": "lca",
      "kind": "lca",
      "source": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Life cycle assessment"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "A batch plant: molten potassium is dosed into excess dry tert-butanol (hydrogen to the flare), the alcohol is stripped, recycled and the solvate vacuum-dried; the azeotropic make-up from tert-butanol-1 is dried on a molecular sieve. Concept stage, 831.6 kg per batch every 6.586 h on a dedicated train, preliminary gate-to-gate LCI.",
  "title": "Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a)",
  "validation": {
    "notes": "Concept batch PFD with closed mass, component and element balances (cheme validate: 4 blocks, 15 steps). Every material stream is calculated by cheme process propagate from the feeds except the sieve unit's two outlets: the semi-batch R101 from its ASSUMED rate laws with the hydrogen vented, the vent's vapour and its condenser (core ADRs 0054, 0062), the still from Raoult's law on NIST Antoine constants, the dryer to an ASSUMED residual alcohol content, the alcohol recycle converged at its tear S19 (core ADR 0060); the sieve unit A001 is a specified split with its duties from scripts/makeup_drying.py (core has no adsorption model). The feeds are sized by hand for 1000 t/a (the outlets scale with them); the duties of R101, its vent condenser and the still are written by the models (core ADRs 0059, 0061, 0062), the dryer's by core's dryer model, the other duties are hand arithmetic from the stream table. The recipe takes the dosing, post-reaction, warm-up, distillation and drying times from the models (cheme process recipe, no cheme.recipe-basis or cheme.recipe-jacket finding). Thermal screening (cheme process reactor-hazards): R101 dT_ad 60.2 K, accumulation 3.1 %, MTSR 350.1 K against an MTT of 355.45 K; a cooling failure's gas release 133.4 m3/h with the liquid's vapour (38.4 m3/h of hydrogen) at the end of the dosing, the largest over the batch, against an ASSUMED vent capacity of 200 m3/h; no criticality class without a TD24 from calorimetry (never estimated): classes 1, 2 or 5 remain possible. The kinetics are assumed: at k/10 the MTSR is 366.9 K and at k/100 399.9 K, above the MTT, the content boiling (a design finding: the dosing interlocked with the hydrogen flow, emergency relief from calorimetry, DESIGN.md D-011). Preliminary gate-to-gate LCI with nitrogen as a per-batch consumable; the make-up tert-butanol linked to tert-butanol-1 (kg of alcohol contained), nitrogen to asu-1; potassium metal a gap with its proxy recorded; the hydrogen flared, no credit. Not reviewed. Needs cheme-as-code 1.10.0.",
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": {
    "commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "dirty": false,
    "sheets": [
      "process/BFD.xml",
      "process/PFD.xml"
    ],
    "skipped": [],
    "snapshot": "snapshots/potassium-tert-butoxide-1/",
    "stale": false,
    "tool": "cheme-as-code 1.6.0",
    "views": [
      "checks"
    ]
  }
}