{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "per tonne of propylene (the dataset's basis); the source design is about 480 kt/a propylene"
  },
  "benchmarks": [
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "expression": "emission:CO2 / product:propylene",
      "family": "olefins",
      "kpi": "pdh-direct-co2",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source read with a direct CO2 figure (2026-11-05). A process study in J. Clean. Prod. (2022) appeared only in a search-engine summary and was not read, so its figure is not recorded. The design report the dataset uses lists no direct emission from burning its own fuel gas in its GWP breakdown (ESIA Annex S, Table 6.2). The dataset's value follows from its carbon balance with the net gas burnt on site.",
      "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Direct CO2 per t of propylene",
      "unit": "kg/t",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "expression": "product:propylene / feed:propane",
      "family": "olefins",
      "kpi": "pdh-propylene-yield",
      "problem": "1 to kg/kg needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": {
        "basis": "unallocated",
        "conditions": {
          "technology": "propane dehydrogenation, moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration (Oleflex)",
          "year": 2019
        },
        "id": "uop-2019-oleflex-yield",
        "note": "One value for propane dehydrogenation in general, recorded as a zero-width range and not widened. The paper does not state the basis; the mass basis is our reading. Manufacturer literature (the licensor), used because no BREF or peer-reviewed open source with a yield was found.",
        "range": [
          0.85,
          0.85
        ],
        "source": {
          "accessed": "2026-11-05",
          "citation": "Marsh, M., Wery, J. (2019) Filling the propylene gap: shaping the future with on-purpose technologies. Honeywell UOP white paper UOP8395",
          "kind": "manufacturer",
          "locator": "p. 3",
          "url": "https://pages2.honeywell.com/rs/828-DHL-685/images/Filling%20the%20Propylene%20Gap%20On%20purpose%20technologies.pdf"
        }
      },
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Propylene per mass of propane fed",
      "unit": "kg/kg",
      "value": null
    },
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "expression": "feed:electricity / product:propylene",
      "family": "olefins",
      "kpi": "pdh-specific-electricity",
      "no_open_reference": "No open source independent of the dataset's own found (2026-11-05). Read: LVOC BREF sections 2.2.7 and 3.2.1 (PDH named, no data); JRC (Boulamanti and Moya 2017, EUR 28471 EN, no PDH figures); Ren, Patel and Blok 2006 (Energy 31:425, open copy: PDH named in a figure, no PDH figure found in the text); Honeywell UOP 2019 white paper (no utility figures). The dataset's value is the Ceyhan design report's (ESIA Annex S, Table 4.1). A Honeywell UOP slide deck of 2024 with energy figures is marked confidential and was not used. A Lummus Catofin technical sheet could not be retrieved (HTTP 404).",
      "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')",
      "reference": null,
      "status": "unchecked",
      "title": "Electricity per t of propylene",
      "unit": "kWh/t",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "propane",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:propane",
        "note": "C3 LPG taken as pure propane (ASSUMED)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "air",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "combustion air, free; its O2 is feed:O2",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-hydroxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:caustic-50",
        "note": "caustic soda 50 wt-%, per kg of solution; linked to chlor-alkali-1 (lca/mappings.yaml)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "chlorine",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:chlorine",
        "note": "chloride make-up of the catalyst regeneration; linked to chlor-alkali-1 (lca/mappings.yaml)",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "propylene",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:propylene",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CO2",
        "note": "from burning the light ends of the net gas",
        "role": "emission"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:H2O",
        "note": "combustion water vapour",
        "role": "emission"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:electricity",
        "note": "the design's PDH-unit electricity; its renewable supply contract is not modelled (grid at the site)",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "",
  "design_basis": null,
  "engineering": null,
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "compression",
      "distillation",
      "combustion"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "olefins"
  ],
  "gap_count": 6,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "propylene-pdh-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Apropylene-pdh-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Apropylene-pdh-1&process=propylene-pdh-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Apropylene-pdh-1&process=propylene-pdh-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Apropylene-pdh-1&process=propylene-pdh-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Apropylene-pdh-1&process=propylene-pdh-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Apropylene-pdh-1&process=propylene-pdh-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Apropylene-pdh-1&process=propylene-pdh-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "propylene",
    "propene",
    "propane dehydrogenation",
    "PDH",
    "Oleflex",
    "continuous catalyst regeneration",
    "platinum catalyst",
    "on-purpose propylene"
  ],
  "lca": null,
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "key": "feed:propane",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "key": "input:catalyst",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "key": "input:alumina",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "key": "input:dmds",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "key": "input:phosphate",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "input"
    },
    {
      "dataset": "propylene-propane-dehydrogenation",
      "key": "output:spent-alumina",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174",
    "previews": null,
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "title": "RINA Consulting for Ceyhan Polipropilen Uretim A.S. (2022) Ceyhan Propane Dehydrogenation - Polypropylene Production Project, Life Cycle Assessment Report (ESIA Annex S), Doc. No. P0031918-1-H2 Rev. 1, sections 3.1 and 4.1, Table 4.1 (published by the US International Development Finance Corporation, February 2023)",
      "url": "https://www3.dfc.gov/environment/eia/ceyhan_turkey/Annexes/ANNEX-S%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment%20Report_final.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "RINA Consulting for Ceyhan Polipropilen Uretim A.S. (2022) Ceyhan PDH-PP Project, BAT-BREF Evaluation (ESIA Annex P): air emission sources of the PDH unit named, not quantified per t",
      "url": "https://www3.dfc.gov/environment/eia/ceyhan_turkey/Annexes/ANNEX-P%20BAT-BREF%20Evaluation_final.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Marsh, M., Wery, J. (2019) Filling the propylene gap: shaping the future with on-purpose technologies. Honeywell UOP white paper UOP8395 (manufacturer literature)",
      "url": "https://pages2.honeywell.com/rs/828-DHL-685/images/Filling%20the%20Propylene%20Gap%20On%20purpose%20technologies.pdf"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.2760/77304",
      "title": "Falcke, H. et al. (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 28882 EN (JRC109279), sections 2.2.7 and 3.2.1 (PDH named, not described)"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/propylene-pdh-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [],
  "summary": "Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of propylene: propane and electricity from one published 2022 design (Oleflex type), the hydrogen-rich net gas and light ends burnt on site, combustion CO2 from the carbon balance. No flowsheet; not reviewed.",
  "title": "Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration)",
  "validation": {
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": null
}