{
  "authors": [],
  "basis": {
    "capacity": "2 500 kg/h dried sodium nitrite (99.0 wt-% NaNO2) = 20 kt/a (ASSUMED), with 0.40 t/h sodium nitrate",
    "location": "generic (not chosen)",
    "operating_hours_per_year": 8000
  },
  "benchmarks": [],
  "chemistry": {
    "inputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "ammonia",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:NH3: liquid ammonia from ammonia-1 (1600 kPa(a))",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-carbonate",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:SODA: dense soda ash from soda-ash-1",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "nitric-acid",
        "grade": null,
        "note": "feed:HNO3: nitric acid 60 wt-% from nitric-acid-1, counted by mass of the acid",
        "role": "feedstock"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "air",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:AIR",
        "note": "Plant ratios per kg NaNO2 before allocation (the LCI gives the allocated values, x 0.862). Combustion air of the ammonia burner, 4.0 kg per kg NaNO2",
        "role": "feedstock"
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-nitrite",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:NANO2",
        "note": "Sodium nitrite, dried, 99.0 wt-%, to bagging and storage",
        "role": "main-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "sodium-nitrate",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:NANO3",
        "note": "Sodium nitrate, dried",
        "role": "co-product"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "carbon-dioxide",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "emission:CO2",
        "note": "CO2 from the soda ash, 0.359 kg per kg NaNO2 before allocation, in the tail gas",
        "role": "emission"
      }
    ],
    "utilities": [
      {
        "chemical": "electricity",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:POWER",
        "note": "Air blower, pumps, centrifuges, dryer fans (ASSUMED), 0.075 kWh per kg NaNO2 before allocation",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "steam",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "feed:LPS",
        "note": "LP steam 450 kPa(a) from the site, 0.80 kWh of heat per kg NaNO2 before allocation; the waste-heat-boiler steam is used internally in the evaporator",
        "role": "utility"
      },
      {
        "chemical": "cooling-water",
        "grade": null,
        "inventory_key": "product:CW",
        "note": "25/35 C (ASSUMED), absorber coolers and condensers, 2.2 kWh per kg NaNO2 before allocation",
        "role": "utility"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Liquid ammonia is vaporised, mixed with air to 10.3 mol-% and burnt over Pt/Rh gauzes; a\nwaste heat boiler cools the nitrous gas to 200 degC and its steam drives the first effect of\nthe liquor evaporator. In an oxidation volume and absorption towers in series the gas meets a\n20 wt-% soda solution; the oxidation degree of the nitric oxide is held near one half\n(NO : NO2 about 1 : 1, the N2O3 ratio) so that nitrite forms and nitrate stays at about one\ntwentieth of it. The liquor is concentrated, sodium nitrite crystallised by vacuum cooling,\ncentrifuged and dried; most of the mother liquor returns to the evaporator, and a purge that\nremoves the nitrate is converted with nitric acid to sodium nitrate, whose nitric oxide goes\nback to the absorbers.\n\nAll values are concept estimates. The burner outlet and duty are calculated by cheme\n(conversion reactor, specified selectivities); absorption, crystallisation and inversion are\nspecified values from an independent balance script; the liquors are aqueous electrolytes\nthat no ChemE-as-Code property method covers yet. See DESIGN.md of the\nengineering files for every assumption and gated step.\n",
  "design_basis": {
    "assumptions": [
      "D-001 boundary: liquid ammonia, air, soda ash and 60 wt-% nitric acid at the fence to dried NaNO2 and NaNO3, tail gas, dryer exhaust and surplus condensate; no storage, bagging or utility generation",
      "D-005 burner: complete NH3 conversion, NO selectivity 0.97 (ASSUMED), N2O transferred from the IPCC 2006 atmospheric-pressure nitric-acid default, rest N2",
      "D-006 absorption: specified model, NaNO2:NaNO3 = 20:1 by mass, 99.5 % NOx-N absorbed; NO/NO2 control by the oxidation degree",
      "D-007 the balance is a specified-split model (scripts/balance.py); electrolyte enthalpies are estimates",
      "Construction, transport and end of life are outside the preliminary LCI (D-013)"
    ],
    "source": "process/design-basis.yaml"
  },
  "engineering": {
    "description": "Concept design: nitrous gas from ammonia oxidation absorbed in soda solution, NaNO2 crystallised and dried, mother-liquor purge inverted to NaNO3 with nitric acid (issue #168)",
    "name": "Sodium nitrite (ammonia oxidation and soda absorption)",
    "requires": "cheme-as-code>=0.8",
    "stage": "concept",
    "stages": [
      {
        "id": "concept",
        "title": "Concept and feasibility"
      },
      {
        "id": "basic",
        "title": "Basic engineering"
      },
      {
        "id": "detail",
        "title": "Detail engineering"
      }
    ],
    "tool": "plantcode"
  },
  "facets": {
    "feedstock_basis": [
      "fossil",
      "mineral",
      "atmospheric"
    ],
    "product_classes": [
      "chemicals"
    ],
    "region": "generic",
    "unit_operations": [
      "reaction",
      "absorption",
      "evaporation",
      "crystallization",
      "drying"
    ]
  },
  "families": [
    "inorganic-chemicals"
  ],
  "gap_count": 1,
  "gates": null,
  "id": "sodium-nitrite-1",
  "issues": {
    "closed_count": 0,
    "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Asodium-nitrite-1%22",
    "new": {
      "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Asodium-nitrite-1&process=sodium-nitrite-1",
      "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Asodium-nitrite-1&process=sodium-nitrite-1",
      "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Asodium-nitrite-1&process=sodium-nitrite-1",
      "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Asodium-nitrite-1&process=sodium-nitrite-1",
      "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Asodium-nitrite-1&process=sodium-nitrite-1",
      "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Asodium-nitrite-1&process=sodium-nitrite-1"
    },
    "open": [],
    "open_by_gate": {},
    "open_count": 0,
    "private": false,
    "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "sodium nitrite",
    "sodium nitrate",
    "nitrous gas",
    "NOx absorption",
    "ammonia oxidation",
    "soda ash",
    "alkaline absorption",
    "crystallisation",
    "inversion",
    "nitric acid"
  ],
  "lca": {
    "allocation": "shares",
    "backend": "factors",
    "boundary": "gate-to-gate",
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "title": "Climate change",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "data_sources": [],
    "factors_status": "published",
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1,
      "chemical": "sodium-nitrite",
      "grade": null,
      "label": "1 kg sodium nitrite",
      "product": "NANO2",
      "product_name": "Sodium nitrite",
      "product_title": "Sodium nitrite, dried, 99.0 wt-% (to bagging and storage)",
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "goal": "Preliminary gate-to-gate life cycle inventory of technical-grade sodium nitrite made by absorbing nitrous gas from ammonia oxidation in soda solution, with evaporative crystallisation and inversion of the mother-liquor purge to sodium nitrate, for the concept stage: the foreground exchanges of the balanced flowsheet (D-007) per kg of product, ready to be linked to background datasets (ammonia-1, soda-ash-1 and nitric-acid-1 first). No impact assessment is claimed.",
    "inventory": [
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:NH3",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.2346,
        "title": "Liquid ammonia from ammonia-1 (battery limit, 1600 kPa(a))",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:AIR",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 3.46093,
        "title": "Ambient air",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:SODA",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.7465,
        "title": "Soda ash, dense, from soda-ash-1",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:HNO3",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0826045,
        "title": "Nitric acid 60 wt-% from nitric-acid-1",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0648764,
        "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "input",
        "key": "feed:LPS",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.687704,
        "title": "Low-pressure steam 450 kPa(a) from the site header",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:NANO2",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.0,
        "title": "Sodium nitrite, dried, 99.0 wt-% (to bagging and storage)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:NANO3",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.159748,
        "title": "Sodium nitrate, dried (co-product)",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:TAIL",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 3.23509,
        "title": "Absorber tail gas to stack",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:DRYVENT",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0228223,
        "title": "Dryer exhaust (water vapour, after dust filters) to atmosphere",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:COND",
        "kind": "material",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.266721,
        "title": "Surplus process condensate to the site water system",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "product:CW",
        "kind": "energy",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 1.91894,
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:AR",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0440888,
        "title": "AR to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:CO2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.309775,
        "title": "CO2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:H2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.166252,
        "title": "H2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:N2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 2.6022,
        "title": "N2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:N2O",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00424379,
        "title": "N2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NH3",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "NH3 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NO",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.00211543,
        "title": "NO to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:NO2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.0,
        "title": "NO2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "direction": "output",
        "key": "emission:O2",
        "kind": "emission",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "quantity": 0.129237,
        "title": "O2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "not_computed": [],
    "publishable": false,
    "result": {
      "classification": "partial",
      "gaps": 7,
      "label": "partial screening carbon footprint",
      "publication": "public"
    },
    "sources": [
      "lca/README.md",
      "lca/dataset.yaml",
      "lca/factors.yaml",
      "lca/gaps.csv",
      "lca/inventory.csv",
      "lca/lca.yaml",
      "lca/mappings.yaml",
      "lca/results.csv",
      "lca/results.md"
    ],
    "values_withheld": "stale-run-manifest",
    "withheld_reason": "stale-run-manifest"
  },
  "lci_gaps": [
    {
      "dataset": "sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product",
      "key": "product:COND",
      "link": "technosphere",
      "type": "output"
    }
  ],
  "maintainers": [
    {
      "name": "Artur Schweidtmann"
    }
  ],
  "maturity": "concept",
  "preliminary": true,
  "provenance": {
    "library_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "previews": {
      "sheets": [
        "BFD",
        "PFD"
      ],
      "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
      "tool": "cheme 1.6.0 (pyDEXPI 2.1.0)"
    },
    "previews_stale": false,
    "source_commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0"
  },
  "publication": {
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "status": "public"
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1002/14356007.a17_265",
      "title": "Laue, W., Thiemann, M., Scheibler, E., Wiegand, K. W.: Nitrates and Nitrites. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH (route identity from issue #168; full text not read)"
    },
    {
      "title": "US 2 032 699 A (Solvay Process Co., 1936): Process for the production of sodium nitrite (absorption in soda solution, crystallisation, mother liquor handling; example)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2032699"
    },
    {
      "title": "US 12 565 427 B2: Apparatus and process for conversion of ammonia into oxides of nitrogen (burner, WHB and alkaline absorption to sodium nitrite liquor)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US12565427B2/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "US 2 013 984 A: Process for the oxidation of nitrites to nitrates (nitric acid inversion, NO returned to absorption)",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US2013984A/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "IPCC (2006) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 3 Ch. 3, Table 3.3 (N2O defaults for nitric acid plants)",
      "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol3.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wagman, D. D. et al. (1982) The NBS tables of chemical thermodynamic properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 11, Suppl. 2",
      "url": "https://srd.nist.gov/JPCRD/jpcrdS2Vol11.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "repository": {
    "access": "public",
    "path": "processes/sodium-nitrite-1",
    "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library"
  },
  "representations": [
    {
      "bytes": 44954,
      "id": "BFD",
      "kind": "bfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/sodium-nitrite-1/BFD.svg",
      "source": "process/BFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Block flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "bytes": 162172,
      "id": "PFD",
      "kind": "pfd",
      "preview": "artifacts/sodium-nitrite-1/PFD.svg",
      "source": "process/PFD.xml",
      "status": "preview",
      "title": "Process flow diagram"
    },
    {
      "id": "process-model",
      "kind": "process-model",
      "source": "process/flowsheet.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Flowsheet and stream table"
    },
    {
      "id": "equipment-list",
      "kind": "equipment-list",
      "source": "equipment/equipment-list.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Equipment list"
    },
    {
      "id": "lca",
      "kind": "lca",
      "source": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "status": "viewer",
      "title": "Life cycle assessment"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nitrous gas from the catalytic oxidation of ammonia absorbed in soda solution near atmospheric pressure, the nitrite liquor evaporated and crystallised to dried sodium nitrite, and the mother-liquor purge inverted with nitric acid to sodium nitrate. Ammonia, soda ash and nitric acid from ammonia-1, soda-ash-1 and nitric-acid-1. Concept stage, 20 kt/a NaNO2, assumed basis.",
  "title": "Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion)",
  "validation": {
    "notes": "Concept PFD with closed mass, component and element balances in every block and step (cheme validate, cheme process streams; the absorber and inversion steps balance by elements over their reactions). The burner outlet is calculated by cheme (conversion reactor with specified selectivities NO 0.97, N2O 0.014, N2 0.016) and cheme's reactor duty (2 005 kW) equals the independent script's. The N2O share (79 % of the direct climate result) is an analogy to the IPCC nitric-acid default, uncertain by about a factor of 2 (DESIGN.md D-005, D-013). cheme maturity reaches no level: feed flows follow from an assumed product rate, the absorber, crystalliser and inversion are specified values, and energy closure is not evaluable in core (no package covers the nitrite/nitrate/carbonate liquors). The preliminary gate-to-gate LCI closes in mass and elements; every background is a gap. Not reviewed. Main products and feeds are listed under chemistry with their chemicals registry entries (issue #251).",
    "status": "unreviewed"
  },
  "viewer": {
    "commit": "c3ab3488c602bc797fdc98feffd4578375150dd0",
    "dirty": false,
    "sheets": [
      "process/BFD.xml",
      "process/PFD.xml"
    ],
    "skipped": [],
    "snapshot": "snapshots/sodium-nitrite-1/",
    "stale": false,
    "tool": "cheme-as-code 1.6.0",
    "views": [
      "checks",
      "streams"
    ]
  }
}