{ "authors": [], "basis": { "capacity": "per tonne of mixed municipal solid waste (the dataset's basis); no plant size" }, "benchmarks": [ { "dataset": "msw-incineration-grate-chp", "expression": "output:bottom-ash / (feed:msw-water + feed:msw-carbon-fossil + feed:msw-carbon-biogenic + feed:msw-hydrogen + feed:msw-oxygen + feed:msw-nitrogen + feed:msw-mineral)", "family": "waste-treatment", "kpi": "wi-bottom-ash", "problem": "1 to kg/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU", "technology": "municipal solid waste incineration plants" }, "id": "bref-wi-bottom-ash", "note": "Includes the grate siftings. Same document as the dataset, whose bottom ash is the waste's mineral matter (Table 1.6) closed by difference, not this range.", "range": [ 150, 350 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-05", "citation": "Neuwahl, F., Cusano, G., Gómez Benavides, J., Holbrook, S., Roudier, S. (2019) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 29971 EN, doi:10.2760/761437", "kind": "bref", "locator": "Section 3.4.1, Table 3.13, p. 244", "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Bottom ash (dry) per t of municipal solid waste", "unit": "kg/t", "value": null }, { "dataset": "msw-incineration-grate-chp", "expression": "(emission:CO2 + emission:CO2-biogenic) / (feed:msw-water + feed:msw-carbon-fossil + feed:msw-carbon-biogenic + feed:msw-hydrogen + feed:msw-oxygen + feed:msw-nitrogen + feed:msw-mineral)", "family": "waste-treatment", "kpi": "wi-co2-total", "problem": "1 to t/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU", "technology": "municipal waste incineration" }, "id": "bref-wi-co2-per-t-msw", "note": "The source's approximate range for municipal waste. Same document as the dataset, but the dataset's CO2 follows its carbon content (Table 1.6 range, closed on the Table 2.10 LHV), not this range.", "range": [ 0.7, 1.7 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-05", "citation": "Neuwahl, F., Cusano, G., Gómez Benavides, J., Holbrook, S., Roudier, S. (2019) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 29971 EN, doi:10.2760/761437", "kind": "bref", "locator": "Section 3.2.1, p. 152", "url": "https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "CO2 (fossil and biogenic) per t of municipal solid waste", "unit": "t/t", "value": null }, { "dataset": "msw-incineration-grate-chp", "expression": "product:electricity / (feed:msw-water + feed:msw-carbon-fossil + feed:msw-carbon-biogenic + feed:msw-hydrogen + feed:msw-oxygen + feed:msw-nitrogen + feed:msw-mineral)", "family": "waste-treatment", "kpi": "wi-electricity-exported", "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU, Switzerland and Norway", "technology": "waste-to-energy plants producing heat and electricity (184 plants, 40.8 Mt/a; status 2007-2010)", "year": 2010 }, "id": "cewep-energy-iii-chp-electricity-exported", "note": "Lowest and highest value of the CHP-producing plants; their weighted mean is 338 kWh/t, with 106 kWh/t self used on top (444 kWh/t produced). Converted from MWh per Mg. The plants' mean NCV is about 10.3 GJ/t, against the dataset's 9 GJ/t.", "range": [ 7, 899 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-05", "citation": "Reimann, D. O. (2012) CEWEP Energy Report III (Status 2007-2010): Results of Specific Data for Energy, R1 Plant Efficiency Factor and NCV of 314 European Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Plants. Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants (CEWEP), Brussels", "kind": "other", "locator": "Annex A, p. 29", "url": "https://www.cewep.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/13_01_15_cewep_energy_report_iii.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Electricity exported per t of municipal solid waste", "unit": "kWh/t", "value": null }, { "dataset": "msw-incineration-grate-chp", "expression": "product:heat / (feed:msw-water + feed:msw-carbon-fossil + feed:msw-carbon-biogenic + feed:msw-hydrogen + feed:msw-oxygen + feed:msw-nitrogen + feed:msw-mineral)", "family": "waste-treatment", "kpi": "wi-heat-exported", "problem": "kWh/kg to kWh/t needs core's foundation.units (pip install 'cheme-as-code[units]')", "reference": { "basis": "unallocated", "conditions": { "region": "EU, Switzerland and Norway", "technology": "waste-to-energy plants producing heat and electricity (184 plants, 40.8 Mt/a; status 2007-2010)", "year": 2010 }, "id": "cewep-energy-iii-chp-heat-exported", "note": "Lowest and highest value of the CHP-producing plants; their weighted mean is 938 kWh/t, with 163 kWh/t self used on top. Converted from MWh per Mg. CEWEP is an industry association; its survey is open and states its method, but it is not peer reviewed.", "range": [ 4, 3267 ], "source": { "accessed": "2026-11-05", "citation": "Reimann, D. O. (2012) CEWEP Energy Report III (Status 2007-2010): Results of Specific Data for Energy, R1 Plant Efficiency Factor and NCV of 314 European Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Plants. Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants (CEWEP), Brussels", "kind": "other", "locator": "Annex A, p. 29", "url": "https://www.cewep.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/13_01_15_cewep_energy_report_iii.pdf" } }, "status": "unchecked", "title": "Heat exported per t of municipal solid waste", "unit": "kWh/t", "value": null } ], "chemistry": { "inputs": [ { "chemical": "municipal-solid-waste", "grade": null, "note": "feed:msw-water, feed:msw-carbon-fossil, feed:msw-carbon-biogenic, feed:msw-hydrogen, feed:msw-oxygen, feed:msw-nitrogen, feed:msw-mineral: 1 t of mixed MSW by its ultimate analysis, free (cut-off)", "role": "feedstock" }, { "chemical": "air", "grade": null, "note": "feed:O2: combustion oxygen from ambient air, free; nitrogen and excess oxygen pass through", "role": "feedstock" }, { "chemical": "methane", "grade": null, "note": "feed:natural-gas: support burners, natural gas taken as methane, linked by its factor (no inventory_key, as utility-steam-ng-boiler)", "role": "feedstock" }, { "chemical": "calcium-oxide", "grade": null, "note": "feed:quicklime: semi-wet flue-gas cleaning", "role": "reactant" }, { "chemical": "ammonia", "grade": null, "note": "feed:ammonia: NH3 of the 25 % ammonia water for SNCR, linked to ammonia-1 in lca/mappings.yaml", "role": "reactant" } ], "outputs": [ { "chemical": "electricity", "grade": null, "note": "product:electricity: net export (generation less own use), kWh; no inventory_key (see the header)", "role": "main-product" }, { "chemical": "steam", "grade": null, "note": "product:heat: net heat export to district heating from 1.7 bar(a) steam, kWh; no inventory_key (see the header)", "role": "co-product" }, { "chemical": "carbon-dioxide", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "emission:CO2", "note": "fossil CO2 of the waste and the support fuel", "role": "emission" }, { "chemical": "carbon-dioxide", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "emission:CO2-biogenic", "note": "biogenic CO2 of the waste", "role": "emission" }, { "chemical": "water", "grade": null, "inventory_key": "emission:H2O", "note": "water vapour in the flue gas", "role": "emission" } ], "utilities": [] }, "description": "", "design_basis": null, "engineering": null, "facets": { "feedstock_basis": [ "fossil", "biogenic" ], "product_classes": [], "region": "EU", "unit_operations": [ "combustion", "heat-exchange", "power-generation", "absorption" ] }, "families": [ "waste-treatment" ], "gap_count": 4, "gates": null, "id": "waste-incineration-1", "issues": { "closed_count": 0, "list_url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20label%3A%22process%3Awaste-incineration-1%22", "new": { "action": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=1-action-item.yml&labels=process%3Awaste-incineration-1&process=waste-incineration-1", "change": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=4-design-change.yml&labels=process%3Awaste-incineration-1&process=waste-incineration-1", "hold": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=2-engineering-hold.yml&labels=process%3Awaste-incineration-1&process=waste-incineration-1", "process": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=6-process-development.yml&labels=process%3Awaste-incineration-1&process=waste-incineration-1", "tq": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=3-technical-query.yml&labels=process%3Awaste-incineration-1&process=waste-incineration-1", "tracker": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library/issues/new?template=7-process-tracker.yml&labels=process%3Awaste-incineration-1&process=waste-incineration-1" }, "open": [], "open_by_gate": {}, "open_count": 0, "private": false, "repository": "ChemE-as-Code/process-library" }, "keywords": [ "waste incineration", "waste-to-energy", "municipal solid waste", "moving grate", "CHP", "district heating", "flue-gas cleaning", "SNCR", "bottom ash" ], "lca": null, "lci_gaps": [ { "dataset": "msw-incineration-grate-chp", "key": "feed:activated-carbon", "link": "technosphere", "type": "input" }, { "dataset": "msw-incineration-grate-chp", "key": "output:bottom-ash", "link": "technosphere", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "msw-incineration-grate-chp", "key": "output:boiler-ash", "link": "technosphere", "type": "output" }, { "dataset": "msw-incineration-grate-chp", "key": "output:fgc-residue", "link": "technosphere", "type": "output" } ], "maintainers": [], "maturity": "concept", "preliminary": true, "provenance": { "library_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174", "previews": null, "previews_stale": false, "source_commit": "a3c52e472f42fbc8cdacfeacf5ef28703c004174" }, "publication": { "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "status": "public" }, "references": [ { "doi": "10.2760/761437", "title": "Neuwahl, F., Cusano, G., Gómez Benavides, J., Holbrook, S., Roudier, S. (2019) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration. JRC Science for Policy Report EUR 29971 EN (JRC118637)" }, { "title": "IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 5 Waste, chapter 5 Incineration and Open Burning of Waste. IGES, Hayama", "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol5.html" }, { "title": "IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2 Energy, chapter 2 Stationary Combustion, Table 2.2 (CH4 of municipal wastes). IGES, Hayama", "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion.pdf" }, { "doi": "10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00131-4", "title": "Channiwala, S.A., Parikh, P.P. (2002) A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Fuel 81(8):1051-1063 (the waste's LHV from its ultimate analysis)" }, { "title": "Reimann, D.O. (2012) CEWEP Energy Report III (Status 2007-2010). Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants, Brussels (benchmarks and context only: own heat use, exported energy)", "url": "https://www.cewep.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/13_01_15_cewep_energy_report_iii.pdf" } ], "repository": { "access": "public", "path": "processes/waste-incineration-1", "url": "https://github.com/ChemE-as-Code/process-library" }, "representations": [], "summary": "Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of mixed municipal solid waste burnt on a moving grate with district-heating CHP: the waste by its ultimate analysis, combustion stoichiometry, energy, reagents, residues and air emissions from EU WI BREF ranges, N2O and CH4 from IPCC 2006. The net electricity and heat are the products. No flowsheet; not reviewed.", "title": "Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP)", "validation": { "status": "unreviewed" }, "viewer": null }