{
  "comparability": {
    "compared": [],
    "reasons": [],
    "verdict": "baseline"
  },
  "design_case": {
    "applicability": {
      "limitations": "5 to 100 cm2 scale-up and campaign duration extrapolated",
      "range": "200 mA/cm2, 25 C, fresh 1 M KOH",
      "source": "the measured series, experiments/electrochemistry/rbpm-1m-koh.yaml"
    },
    "capacity": "0.100 kg/h CO, >=99 mol% dry, 5.0 bar(a)",
    "description": "Skid A runs: 4 x 7 cells at 200 mA/cm2 on one fill of 1 M KOH that lasts the campaign (duty D-A); train B idle",
    "extrapolated": false,
    "id": "skid-a",
    "provenance": "calculated",
    "source": "scripts/skid_balance.py"
  },
  "foreground": {
    "basis": "1 h of operation",
    "boundary": "gate-to-gate foreground of the plant",
    "exchanges": [
      {
        "amount": 0.356313,
        "key": "feed:CO2",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016)",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.2243,
        "key": "feed:KOH-FILL",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "1 M KOH fill (campaign-averaged, D-011)",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.0,
        "key": "feed:KOH-DOSE",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "5 M KOH solution (Skid B dosing)",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.261215,
        "key": "feed:WATER",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Demineralised water (humidification, make-up)",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.853699,
        "key": "feed:AIR",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Air to the tail-gas oxidiser",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 3.4813,
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.10081,
        "key": "product:CO",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a)",
        "type": "product",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.07436,
        "key": "product:VENT",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Oxidiser flue gas to air",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.157538,
        "key": "product:O2VENT",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Anode O2 vented from the reservoir",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.0,
        "key": "product:BLEED",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Anolyte bleed to the site effluent (Skid B)",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.23193,
        "key": "product:SPENT",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Spent anolyte at the end of the campaign (campaign-averaged, D-011)",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.130898,
        "key": "product:CONDENSATE",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Cathode condensate with carbonate to the site effluent",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 2.22679,
        "key": "product:CW",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kWh"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.172444,
        "key": "emission:CO2",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "CO2 to the environment",
        "type": "emission",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.147628,
        "key": "emission:H2O",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "H2O to the environment",
        "type": "emission",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.654865,
        "key": "emission:N2",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "N2 to the environment",
        "type": "emission",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.256955,
        "key": "emission:O2",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "O2 to the environment",
        "type": "emission",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.4e-05,
        "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.4e-05,
        "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Disposal: Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 (incineration of spent ion-exchange membrane)",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 7.343e-08,
        "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 7.343e-08,
        "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gde-ag",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Disposal: Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (silver recovery by a precious-metal refiner)",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 7e-06,
        "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 7e-06,
        "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery)",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 2.45e-05,
        "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2",
        "type": "input",
        "unit": "kg"
      },
      {
        "amount": 2.45e-05,
        "key": "disposal:consumable.anode-ni-foam",
        "phase": "operation",
        "provenance": "assumed",
        "title": "Disposal: Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (nickel scrap to recycling)",
        "type": "output",
        "unit": "kg"
      }
    ],
    "fingerprint": "sha256:3340ca6bae0c45fce40d0359aa4bf7a572fcdb244495a5252a48a09be3be112c",
    "layer": "foreground",
    "relation": "baseline",
    "scope": "foreground"
  },
  "gaps": [
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)",
      "key": "feed:CO2",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 3.53707,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %, membrane-cell electrolysis of KCl); the exchange counts the 1 M fill solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 95 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER",
      "key": "feed:KOH-FILL",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 12.1535,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %); the exchange counts the 5 M dosing solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 77 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER",
      "key": "feed:KOH-DOSE",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 0.0,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for the neutralisation of an alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
      "key": "product:BLEED",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 0.0,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for the neutralisation of a spent alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
      "key": "product:SPENT",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 12.2292,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for the neutralisation of the cathode's potassium carbonate condensate; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
      "key": "product:CONDENSATE",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 1.29941,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "heat rejected to the site cooling water: no open factor for the circuit's pumps, fans, make-up water and treatment; the skids' own power counts the anolyte pump only",
      "key": "product:CW",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 22.105,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kWh",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for a bipolar ion-exchange membrane",
      "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 0.000138976,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for the incineration of a spent ion-exchange membrane",
      "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 0.000138976,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer",
      "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 7.2893e-07,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer",
      "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 6.94881e-05,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted",
      "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 6.94881e-05,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    },
    {
      "category": "climate-change",
      "detail": "no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)",
      "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam",
      "phase": "operation",
      "quantity": 0.000243208,
      "reason": "missing",
      "unit": "kg",
      "why": "declared missing: no background available"
    }
  ],
  "id": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each/skid-a/baseline",
  "impacts": {
    "allocation": {
      "method": "none",
      "shares": {
        "CO": 1.0
      }
    },
    "categories": [
      {
        "id": "climate-change",
        "method": "GWP100",
        "unit": "kg CO2-eq"
      }
    ],
    "characterised_sum": {
      "climate-change": 10.4786
    },
    "classification": "partial",
    "comparable": true,
    "dropped": [],
    "dropped_by_category": {},
    "functional_unit": {
      "amount": 1.0,
      "kg": 1.000727013,
      "product": "CO",
      "reference_amount": {
        "unit": "kg",
        "value": 1.000727013
      },
      "unit": "kg"
    },
    "layer": "characterized-impact",
    "partial_categories": [
      "climate-change"
    ],
    "reasons": [
      "13 exchanges without a burden in some category",
      "factors PROXY",
      "climate categories only: a carbon footprint, not a multi-impact LCA",
      "geography mismatch",
      "method mix mismatch"
    ],
    "totals": {
      "climate-change": 10.4786
    }
  },
  "inputs": {
    "background": {
      "backend": "factors",
      "profiles": [
        {
          "fingerprint": "sha256:59a236406dd7d7778927977d471d3493a3a9da53d22d25affcd0eaf9751c6bfc",
          "id": "ember-2025"
        },
        {
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          "id": "desnz-ghg-2026"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 (UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2026, DESNZ).",
          "checksum": "sha256:a9a455ab396dae226d510c7be6233748416d490c41a5d20f3dc7a0c45feecd5e",
          "id": "desnz-ghg-2026",
          "licence": "OGL-3.0",
          "provider": "UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)",
          "publication": "public",
          "title": "UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2026 (flat file)",
          "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2026",
          "version": "2026 v1.2 (flat file republished 2026-07-31)"
        },
        {
          "attribution": "Ember (2026), Yearly Electricity Data (release 2026-09-15), https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); subset, converted to kg CO2e/kWh.",
          "checksum": "sha256:91d30fb170dac8a62130f7b39e11ecbb301f902e08400e9561510882eadcd701",
          "id": "ember-2025",
          "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
          "provider": "Ember",
          "publication": "public",
          "title": "Ember Yearly Electricity Data (global): emissions intensity of generation",
          "url": "https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/",
          "version": "release of 2026-09-15 (downloaded 2026-10-25), data year 2025"
        }
      ]
    },
    "files": {
      "lca/factors.yaml": "sha256:cdf6b3e7d02a53167e513235e8491a6d46fad57510de8aed2b577dcc00fe4d9c",
      "lca/lca.yaml": "sha256:4c5e3e31ca10a34135471adf0298b77c08318c5184aec1d1e4695af387cb82a2",
      "process.yaml": "sha256:4eca5b4dccba111f9e5b262edfe73b82f466cb29d7850563c58060ebc56129cf",
      "process/flowsheet.yaml": "sha256:c7a257ec57729a24700201f72950732c6a358588f50ce433f819fcec67235659",
      "process/materials.yaml": "sha256:f4fcaf1692ea4236a641ed45061cb4ef90b3259df0810399698bd5f48fd842da",
      "process/simulation.yaml": "sha256:fb9598b96af585655c7444e1ffd4b8882548bba000affad5b6d5a20836ee2ff1"
    },
    "mapping": "sha256:e3afe84aa220d93daa85a685024d7204a7afd78b84065b58c30657777ad04432",
    "scenario": null,
    "software": {
      "cheme-as-code": "1.10"
    }
  },
  "linked_inventory": {
    "backend": "factors",
    "basis": "1 h of operation",
    "exchanges": [
      {
        "amount": 0.356313,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "feed:CO2",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for merchant liquefied CO2 (capture, purification, liquefaction and delivery of a fossil industrial by-product CO2)",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.2243,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %, membrane-cell electrolysis of KCl); the exchange counts the 1 M fill solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 95 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "feed:KOH-FILL",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %, membrane-cell electrolysis of KCl); the exchange counts the 1 M fill solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 95 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "1 M KOH fill (campaign-averaged, D-011)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.0,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %); the exchange counts the 5 M dosing solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 77 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "feed:KOH-DOSE",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for potassium hydroxide (KOH 100 %); the exchange counts the 5 M dosing solution, its KOH mass fraction in the composition; its dilution water (about 77 % of the mass) is inside this gap, not in feed:WATER",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "5 M KOH solution (Skid B dosing)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.261215,
        "background": "water-supply-gb-kg",
        "baseline": "factor:water-supply-gb-kg",
        "key": "feed:WATER",
        "location": "GB",
        "note": "UK mains water supply stands in for demineralised water in NL: the demineralisation (ion exchange or reverse osmosis) is not counted (DESIGN.md D-026)",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": {
          "gases": "co2e",
          "gwp": "AR4/AR5"
        },
        "source_id": "desnz-ghg-2026",
        "state": "proxy",
        "status": "PROXY",
        "title": "Demineralised water (humidification, make-up)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": 2026
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.853699,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "free",
        "key": "feed:AIR",
        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "free",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Air to the tail-gas oxidiser",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 3.4813,
        "background": "ember-2025:electricity-nl",
        "baseline": "factor:ember-2025:electricity-nl",
        "key": "feed:POWER",
        "location": "NL",
        "note": "Ember's life-cycle intensity of NL gross generation (no T&D losses) stands in for the AC grid supply at the skid (at the consumer); the same profile for every electricity-mix scenario, so the electricity pair of each differs in no dimension (their verdict is proxy through the water background, DESIGN.md D-026)",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": {
          "accounting": "generation",
          "basis": "life-cycle",
          "delivery": "generation",
          "gases": "co2e",
          "gwp": "mixed",
          "mix": "grid-average"
        },
        "source_id": "ember-2025",
        "state": "proxy",
        "status": "PROXY",
        "title": "Electric power (AC, grid)",
        "unit": "kWh",
        "year": 2025
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.07436,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "emission",
        "key": "product:VENT",
        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "released",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Oxidiser flue gas to air",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.157538,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "emission",
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        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "released",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Anode O2 vented from the reservoir",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.0,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of an alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "product:BLEED",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of an alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Anolyte bleed to the site effluent (Skid B)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.23193,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of a spent alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "product:SPENT",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of a spent alkaline potassium carbonate solution; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Spent anolyte at the end of the campaign (campaign-averaged, D-011)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.130898,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the neutralisation of the cathode's potassium carbonate condensate; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "product:CONDENSATE",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for the neutralisation of the cathode's potassium carbonate condensate; its K2CO3 carbon (fossil, from the CO2 feed) is released as CO2 when it is neutralised and is not counted",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Cathode condensate with carbonate to the site effluent",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 2.22679,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: heat rejected to the site cooling water: no open factor for the circuit's pumps, fans, make-up water and treatment; the skids' own power counts the anolyte pump only",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "product:CW",
        "location": null,
        "note": "heat rejected to the site cooling water: no open factor for the circuit's pumps, fans, make-up water and treatment; the skids' own power counts the anolyte pump only",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Cooling water return",
        "unit": "kWh",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.172444,
        "background": "ipcc2021-gwp100 (124-38-9, air, fossil)",
        "baseline": "elementary:air, fossil",
        "key": "emission:CO2",
        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": "method:ipcc2021",
        "state": "linked",
        "status": "PUBLISHED",
        "title": "CO2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.147628,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "free",
        "key": "emission:H2O",
        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "free",
        "status": null,
        "title": "H2O to the environment",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.654865,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "free",
        "key": "emission:N2",
        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "free",
        "status": null,
        "title": "N2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 0.256955,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "free",
        "key": "emission:O2",
        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "free",
        "status": null,
        "title": "O2 to the environment",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.4e-05,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for a bipolar ion-exchange membrane",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "consumable:membrane-bpm",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for a bipolar ion-exchange membrane",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 1.4e-05,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for the incineration of a spent ion-exchange membrane",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for the incineration of a spent ion-exchange membrane",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Disposal: Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 (incineration of spent ion-exchange membrane)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 7.343e-08,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "consumable:cathode-gde-ag",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for silver sputtered on a carbon gas-diffusion layer",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 7.343e-08,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "free",
        "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gde-ag",
        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "free",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Disposal: Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (silver recovery by a precious-metal refiner)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 7e-06,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for a carbon-fibre paper gas-diffusion layer with a microporous layer",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 7e-06,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for burning carbon-fibre paper; its fossil carbon leaves as CO2 and is not counted",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 2.45e-05,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "missing: no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)",
        "gaps": [
          "climate-change"
        ],
        "key": "consumable:anode-ni-foam",
        "location": null,
        "note": "no open factor for nickel foam; the packaged desnz-ghg-2026 construction metals factor is steel-dominated and is not used for nickel (DESIGN.md D-026)",
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "missing",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      },
      {
        "amount": 2.45e-05,
        "background": null,
        "baseline": "free",
        "key": "disposal:consumable.anode-ni-foam",
        "location": null,
        "note": null,
        "phase": "operation",
        "replaced": false,
        "scope": null,
        "source_id": null,
        "state": "free",
        "status": null,
        "title": "Disposal: Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 (nickel scrap to recycling)",
        "unit": "kg",
        "year": null
      }
    ],
    "layer": "linked-inventory"
  },
  "notes": [],
  "process": {
    "dataset": "co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each",
    "technology": "CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (Ag gas-diffusion cathode, Ni foam anode, KOH anolyte), 28 cells of 100 cm2 in four stacks on a 48 V DC bus at 200 mA/cm2, PSA gas conditioning with 0.95 CO2 recycle and tail-gas oxidation; Skid A one 1 M KOH fill per campaign, Skid B continuous 5 M KOH dosing, bleed and make-up",
    "title": "CO2 electrolysis to CO, two 0.1 kg/h pilot skids (reverse-bias BPM, 28 cells of 100 cm2 each)"
  },
  "publication": {
    "policy": "public",
    "publishable": true,
    "restricted_by": []
  },
  "scenario": {
    "electricity": null,
    "id": "baseline",
    "kind": "baseline",
    "location": "NL",
    "missing": {},
    "proxy": {},
    "replaces": {},
    "source": null,
    "title": null,
    "year": 2026
  },
  "schema": "cheme/lca-scenario/v1",
  "warnings": [
    {
      "file": "lca/lca.yaml",
      "level": "warning",
      "message": "1 factors represent another geography than the plant's (NL): water-supply-gb-kg",
      "rule": "cheme.lca-geography"
    },
    {
      "file": "lca/factors.yaml",
      "level": "warning",
      "message": "climate-change: the contributions rest on different characterisation methods: AR4/AR5; AR6; mixed",
      "rule": "cheme.lca-method-mix"
    }
  ]
}