substance

Benzene

Formula: C6H6
CAS: 71-43-2
InChIKey: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ChEBI: CHEBI:16716

Show in the process graph →

Made by

Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA)Main productConcept · not reviewed
Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzeneCo-productConcept · not reviewed

Used by

Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propyleneFeedstockConcept · not reviewed
Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethyleneFeedstockConcept · not reviewed

Takes part in

2C₆H₆+15O₂gives12CO₂+6H₂OReactant · one process
2C₆H₆in equilibrium withC₁₂H₁₀+H₂Reactant · one process
3C₂H₆givesC₆H₆+6H₂Product · one process
6CH₄givesC₆H₆+9H₂Product · one process
C₆H₅NO₂+4H₂givesC₆H₆+NH₃+2H₂OProduct · one process
C₇H₈+H₂givesC₆H₆+CH₄Product · one process

Routes compared

All 2 ways to make Benzene, with filters →

Not comparable as they standAllocation: differs; System boundary: differs; Data quality (TfS DQR): not stated by every route; Reference product (grade, state): not stated by every route. The rows say which route each warning concerns.

Per 1 kg of Benzene: inventory from each route's LCI dataset, unallocated; footprints per the functional unit of their own LCA.

Route	Tier, design maturity, review status	Geography, year	Energy	Feedstocks	Key emissions	Footprint	Comparability
Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA)thermal toluene hydrodealkylation, adiabatic reactor 895-936 K / 3.4 MPa, H2 recycle with purge and purge hydrogen recovery by PSA, stabiliser, benzene and vacuum toluene columns; 100 kt/a benzene, concept design	flowsheet or hand-writtenDesign maturity: Concept (research)Not independently reviewedDataset review: unreviewed	GLO, 2026	Electric power: 0.0452 kWh Fired heat from natural gas (feed heater): 0.243 kWh MP steam 1500 kPa(a): 0.114 kWh LP steam 450 kPa(a): 0.279 kWh HP steam 4200 kPa(a): 0.0511 kWh	Fresh toluene: 1.23 kg Make-up hydrogen (PSA grade, 99.9 mol% H2): 0.0314 kg	none	no footprint	System boundary: boundary is gate-to-gate foreground of the plant; the routes state gate-to-gate foreground of the plant, gate-to-gate: reactor section with steam superheater, off-gas recovery, fractionation; ethylbenzene, steam and power from outside Allocation: allocation is energy; the routes state energy, mass
Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzeneadiabatic dehydrogenation over iron oxide catalyst under vacuum, vacuum distillation; the PO/SM route is not modelled	Tier 1 (sourced conceptual)Design maturity: Concept (research)Not independently reviewedDataset review: unreviewed	RER, 2011	a co-product of a multi-output dataset (product:styrene, product:toluene besides it): its share needs the allocation of the LCI database build			no footprint	Reference product (grade, state): states no product System boundary: boundary is gate-to-gate: reactor section with steam superheater, off-gas recovery, fractionation; ethylbenzene, steam and power from outside; the routes state gate-to-gate foreground of the plant, gate-to-gate: reactor section with steam superheater, off-gas recovery, fractionation; ethylbenzene, steam and power from outside Allocation: allocation is mass; the routes state energy, mass Data quality (TfS DQR): states no data quality rating (TfS DQR)

How comparability is checked

Allocation: differs (same allocation method: energy, mass)
Background data (impacts): not applicable (same background data and boundary behind the impact numbers (only routes with a footprint))
System boundary: differs (same system boundary of the inventory (the dataset's boundary): gate-to-gate foreground of the plant, gate-to-gate: reactor section with steam superheater, off-gas recovery, fractionation; ethylbenzene, steam and power from outside)
Data quality (TfS DQR): not stated by every route (data quality: every route states a TfS DQR, none more than 1 above the best)
Functional unit: same (same functional unit (amount and unit of the reference product): 1 kg)
Reference product (grade, state): not stated by every route (same reference product: registry grade and state: no grade (basis mole, component BZ, pressure 1.5, purity 0.999, temperature 40.0))
System model: same (same system model (docs/system-model.md): cutoff)

ISO 14044 requires a critical review (by a panel of interested parties, ISO/TS 14071) of a comparative assertion intended to be disclosed to the public. These routes are listed side by side for screening; a statement that one is better than another needs that review. None of these routes has had such a review.