mixture

Crude steel

Crude (liquid) steel cast into semis (slabs, blooms, billets): iron with up to about 2 % carbon and grade-dependent alloying elements. No composition recorded yet: one goes in only with its source (docs/registry.md, Fuel mixtures).

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Made by

Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace routeMain productConcept · not reviewed

Used by

No process in the Atlas uses this yet.

When a process with this chemical is added to the library, it appears here.

Routes compared

One route in the Atlas makes Crude steel: nothing to compare yet. A comparison appears when a second route is added.

Per 1 kg of Crude steel: inventory from each route's LCI dataset, unallocated; footprints per the functional unit of their own LCA.

Route	Tier, design maturity, review status	Geography, year	Energy	Feedstocks	Key emissions	Footprint	Comparability
Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace routecoke ovens with by-product recovery, strand sintering, blast furnace with coal and oil injection and oxygen enrichment, top-blown oxygen converter with scrap, continuous casting; pellets bought, no pellet plant	Tier 1 (sourced conceptual)Design maturity: Concept (research)Not independently reviewedDataset review: unreviewed	RER, 2004	Electricity, purchased (gross: the works' own generation from process gases is not credited): 0.143 kWh	Coking coal (as received, with its moisture) to the coke ovens: 0.51 kg Coal injected at the blast furnace tuyeres: 0.139 kg Oil injected at the blast furnace tuyeres: 0.0259 kg Natural gas (tuyere injection, hot stoves, steel plant): 0.0125 kg Iron ore (sinter feed fines) to the sinter plant: 0.76 kg Lump iron ore to the blast furnace and the converter: 0.164 kg Iron ore pellets (bought) to the blast furnace: 0.308 kg Limestone (and dolomite) fluxes to the sinter plant and blast furnace: 0.145 kg Burnt lime to the sinter plant and the converter: 0.058 kg Dolomite to the converter: 0.0142 kg Other sinter additives: 0.0247 kg Steel scrap to the converter: 0.221 kg Other iron-bearing material to the converter: 0.03 kg Ferroalloys (Fe-Ti, Fe-W, Fe-Ni, Fe-V, Fe-Si, Fe-Mo): 0.0172 kg Oxygen, 99.5 % or more, to the blast furnace and the converter: 0.132 kg Nitrogen to the blast furnace and the converter: 0.0623 kg Argon to the converter (stirring): 0.00147 kg	CO2, fossil, of all carbon burnt at the works (IPCC Tier 2 carbon balance): 1.8 kg CO, fossil (sinter strand, coke plant, cast house, converter): 0.026 kg CH4, fossil (sinter, coke plant): 0.0000655 kg SO2 (sinter strand, coke plant, cast house, slag granulation, converter): 0.000852 kg NOx, as NO2 (sinter strand, coke plant, cast house, converter): 0.00103 kg Dust, total particulates (sinter strand, coke plant, blast furnace, converter): 0.000479 kg H2S (coke plant, slag granulation): 0.0000738 kg NH3 (coke plant): 0.00000442 kg Benzene (coke plant): 0.00000792 kg HCl (sinter strand): 0.000397 kg HF (sinter strand): 0.00000402 kg NMVOC (sinter strand): 0.000123 kg	no footprint	–

ISO 14044 requires a critical review (by a panel of interested parties, ISO/TS 14071) of a comparative assertion intended to be disclosed to the public. These routes are listed side by side for screening; a statement that one is better than another needs that review. None of these routes has had such a review.