Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of crude steel from an integrated works (coke ovens, sinter plant, blast furnace, BOF): EU Iron and Steel BREF per-tonne data chained, CO2 from an IPCC 2006 Tier 2 carbon balance. Converter heats taken as a time average. No flowsheet; not reviewed.
Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route
Sourced conceptual inventory per tonne of crude steel from an integrated works (coke ovens, sinter plant, blast furnace, BOF): EU Iron and Steel BREF per-tonne data chained, CO2 from an IPCC 2006 Tier 2 carbon balance. Converter heats taken as a time average. No flowsheet; not reviewed.
Research outputNot engineering advice and not an approved design: do not use it for construction, operation or safety decisions. What this means
Overview
- Capacity
- per tonne of crude steel (the dataset's basis); no plant size
What goes in and out
In
- Iron oreFeedstocksinter feed fines
- Iron oreFeedstocklump ore to the blast furnace and the converter
- Iron ore pelletsFeedstockbought pellets; no pellet plant in the boundary
- Coking coalFeedstockas received (with its moisture); all coke made on site (ASSUMED)
- Hard coalFeedstockcoal injected at the tuyeres
- Heavy fuel oilFeedstockoil injected at the tuyeres
- MethaneFeedstockpipeline natural gas, taken as methane (library convention)
- LimestoneFeedstocksinter and blast furnace flux
- Calcium oxideFeedstockburnt lime to the sinter plant and the converter
- DolomiteFeedstockconverter flux
- Steel scrapFeedstockconverter scrap
- FerroalloysFeedstockalloying additions to the converter and secondary metallurgy
- OxygenFeedstocktuyere enrichment and converter blowing
- NitrogenFeedstockinerting, purging and stirring; released to air
- ArgonFeedstockconverter stirring; released to air
Out
- Crude steelMain productcrude steel, cast semis
- Blast furnace slagBy-producta co-product with a share of 0 (see the dataset's allocation and its deviation)
- Steelmaking slagBy-producta co-product with a share of 0
- Coal tarBy-producta co-product with a share of 0
- BenzeneBy-productproduct:crude-benzole: light oil (BTX, crude benzole) from the coke oven gas, a mixture whose carbon the dataset takes as benzene (ASSUMED); a co-product with a share of 0; no inventory_key, since the light oil is not benzene
- SulfurBy-productproduct:recovered-sulfur: sulfur from coke oven gas desulfurisation, a co-product with a share of 0; no inventory_key, so that it is never taken as an Atlas producer of sulfur
- Carbon dioxideEmissionfossil CO2 of all carbon burnt at the works, IPCC Tier 2 carbon balance
- WastewaterWaste
Utilities: Electricity (purchased, gross: the works' own generation from process gases is not credited)
Life cycle assessment
No footprint assessed yet; the process is part of the life-cycle inventory below.
In the open LCI database (cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4) as Crude steel, cast semis (slabs, blooms, billets) from the BOF Preliminary.
Download it for Brightway, openLCA and other tools.
In the LCI database: system model, datasets and KPIs against the benchmarks
In the LCI database
- Status
- Preliminary 15 unmapped exchanges. Some exchanges have no background mapping yet: they are exported unlinked and count no burden, so the inventory is incomplete.
- System model
- attributional, cut-off (methodology 1.1.0)
- Allocation
- shares (deviation, from dataset) · product:bf-slag 0 %, product:bof-slag 0 %, product:coal-tar 0 %, product:crude-benzole 0 %, product:recovered-sulfur 0 %, product:steel 100 %
- Allocation findings
- none
- Change report
- Not available: this build has no change report against an earlier release.
- Dataset pages
- Crude steel, cast semis (slabs, blooms, billets) from the BOF Preliminary
KPI benchmark positions
| KPI | Value | Reference range | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct fossil CO2 per t of crude steel, integrated BF-BOF works (coke ovens, sinter, BF, BOF; all process gas burnt at the works) No open source with a works-level figure for this boundary found (2026-11-05). Read: IPCC 2006 Vol. 3 ch. 4 (Table 4.1, p. 4.25) gives a Tier 1 factor of 1.46 t CO2/t for BOF steelmaking with blast furnace iron making (world data of 2003, expert consensus), but it leaves out the coke ovens and the sinter plant, which the Tier 1 method adds with factors of their own (0.56 t/t coke, Equation 4.1; 0.20 t/t sinter, Equation 4.7); Pardo, Moya and Vatopoulos (2012), JRC EUR 25543 EN, doi:10.2790/64264, Table 2, p. 13, give direct CO2 per plant (coke 0.794, sinter 0.200, BF 1.219, BOS 0.181 t/t), and their route figures (Figure 19, about 1.8 t/t for the best integrated performers) leave out the works' power plants; the Iron and Steel BREF (EUR 25521 EN) gives no works-level CO2 per t. For context only (our arithmetic, not a range of any source): the IPCC Tier 1 factors at this dataset's 935 kg sinter and 351 kg coke per t give about 1840 kg/t, and Pardo et al.'s per-plant values at the same ratios about 1690 kg/t (without the power plants). | – kg/t | not available | not evaluated |
| Purchased electricity per t of crude steel, integrated BF-BOF route No open source with a site-level electricity figure per t of crude steel for integrated works found (2026-11-05). Read: the Iron and Steel BREF (EUR 25521 EN) gives electricity per plant only (Tables 3.2, 5.2, 6.1, 7.3), which the dataset sums, and its section 7.2.2.4 estimate for the converter alone; Pardo, Moya and Vatopoulos (2012), JRC EUR 25543 EN, Table 2, gives direct and primary energy per plant, not electricity; IPCC 2006 Vol. 3 ch. 4 gives none. The dataset's value is gross: the works' own generation from process gases is not credited. | – kWh/t | not available | not evaluated |
| Scrap charged to the converter per t of liquid steel | – kg/t | 101 to 340 kg/t | not evaluated |
Maturity and review
Design maturity Concept (claimed): An idea or first flowsheet; numbers are rough. No independent engineering review yet. Automated checks passing is not a review.
Calculation maturity, from the checked evidenceNot assessed
The process has no maturity report (cheme maturity, checks/maturity.json), so no calculation maturity is established.
No level shownThe design maturity (Concept) is the manifest's claim, not evidence. A level appears here once the process's repository holds a current report from
cheme maturity --write.Artifact completeness
Which deliverables exist. They never raise a calculation maturity level: a drawing from unchecked numbers is still unchecked.
Not reported without a maturity report.
Independent review
Not independently reviewed
No independent engineering review yet. Automated checks passing is not a review.
Set by people only. Reaching a calculation maturity level or passing automated checks is not an independent review or an approval.
Where the evidence comes from
- Report
processes/iron-steel-1/checks/maturity.json(not in the library)- Method
- How ChemE-as-Code checks the levels (requirement by requirement)
Open items
0 open items · 0 closed
New action itemNew engineering holdNew technical queryNew design changeAll issues
Sources
- Library version
- a3c52e4 (process last changed in a3c52e4)
- Data
- Catalog record (JSON) · CC-BY-4.0
- Files
- View the files on GitHub · change history and authors
References
- Remus, R., Aguado-Monsonet, M.A., Roudier, S., Delgado Sancho, L. (2013) Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Iron and Steel Production. JRC Reference Report EUR 25521 EN, Tables 3.2, 3.4, 5.2, 6.1 to 6.6, 7.3 and 7.4 · doi:10.2791/97469
- IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 3 Industrial Processes and Product Use, ch. 4 Metal Industry Emissions, section 4.2 (Equation 4.9, Tables 4.1 to 4.3)
- Pardo, N., Moya, J.A., Vatopoulos, K. (2012) Prospective Scenarios on Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions in the EU Iron & Steel Industry. JRC Report EUR 25543 EN, Table 2 (per-plant direct CO2; context for the CO2 KPI in benchmarks/iron-steel.yaml) · doi:10.2790/64264
How to cite
For the data, cite the Process Atlas paper; for the platform that builds and checks it, the ChemE-as-Code paper.
Schweidtmann, A. M. & Weber, J. M. (2026, in preparation). Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title).
For this process: "Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route", ChemE-as-Code process library, version a3c52e4.
BibTeX
@unpublished{schweidtmann_process_atlas,
author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M. and Weber, Jana M.},
title = {{Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title)}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://atlas.cheme-as-code.org},
note = {in preparation}
}Schweidtmann, A. M. (2026). ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for Agentic AI in Chemical Engineering. arXiv:2611.07947. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2611.07947
BibTeX
@misc{schweidtmann_cheme_as_code,
author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M.},
title = {{ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for Agentic AI in Chemical Engineering}},
year = {2026},
eprint = {2611.07947},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2611.07947},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07947}
}