Carbon monoxide, CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a)

Activity CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids), case skid-b, NL: the inventory of 1 kilogram of its reference product, attributional, cut-off.

Calculation maturity: not assessed Design maturity: Concept (research)Not independently reviewedco2-electrolysis-bpm-1:co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b:product:COPreliminaryReport a problem with this dataset

Research outputAn inventory from a research design at the design maturity its process states, not verified plant data: check its calculation maturity and review status before use. Background activities are referenced by name only; no background data is included. All caveats

What it is

Unallocated foreground LCI of CO2 electrolysis to CO, two 0.1 kg/h pilot skids (reverse-bias BPM, 28 cells of 100 cm2 each), case skid-b, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.

Reference product: 1 kilogram of Carbon monoxide, CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a) (5 bar(a), 25 degC, 99.9274 % CO (mass))
Chemical: carbon-monoxide
CAS: 630-08-0
Code: co2-electrolysis-bpm-1:co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b:product:CO
Dataset: co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b version 0.1.0 · UUID e873dd44-5669-5073-a2d5-964113cb168b
Activity UUID: not available (the library assigns none; use the code)
Database: cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4 (version preview-a3c52e4)
Process: CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids)
Geography: NL · background inputs with a site rule link at the user's site location (default DE)
Time period: 2026 · valid until 2031
Technology: CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (Ag gas-diffusion cathode, Ni foam anode, KOH anolyte), 28 cells of 100 cm2 in four stacks on a 48 V DC bus at 200 mA/cm2, PSA gas conditioning with 0.95 CO2 recycle and tail-gas oxidation; Skid A one 1 M KOH fill per campaign, Skid B continuous 5 M KOH dosing, bleed and make-up · level new
Boundary: gate-to-gate foreground of the plant
Production volume: 806.5 kg/a (product:CO per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8000 h/a))
Classification: ISIC Rev.4 2011 (taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families)
System model: attributional, cut-off (docs/system-model.md, methodology 1.1.0)
Allocation: none, 100 % of the dataset to this product (rule single-output, from dataset)
one product: nothing to allocate
Rights: CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA); the measured cell data are 4TU.ResearchData CC BY 4.0 (NOTICE.md)

Exchanges per 1 kilogram of Carbon monoxide, CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a)

As exported: allocated and scaled to the reference product. Provenance: 16 assumed. Pedigree scores (1 best, 5 worst): reliability, completeness, temporal correlation, geographical correlation, further technological correlation.

Preliminary6 exchanges are not yet linked to a background dataset. They count no burden, so the inventory is incomplete: do not read a result from it as complete.

Input	Amount	Unit	Provenance	Pedigree	Linked to
Liquefied CO2 (merchant, ASSUMED fossil by-product, D-016) feed:CO2 the fresh CO2 after the PSA recycle (S101, S201); merchant liquefied CO2 from a fossil industrial by-product, ASSUMED (DESIGN.md D-016) From streams S101, S201	3.535	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	market for carbon dioxide, liquid (carbon dioxide, liquid, RER) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
1 M KOH fill (campaign-averaged, D-011) feed:KOH-FILL the reservoir's initial 1 M KOH fill over the campaign (S117, S217; campaign-averaged, D-011): Skid A's whole fill, Skid B's 50 L From streams S117, S217	0.5208	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	Atlas: potassium hydroxide, 1 M in water, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy) (potassium hydroxide, 1 M solution, GLO)
5 M KOH solution (Skid B dosing) feed:KOH-DOSE Skid B's continuous 5 M KOH dosing (S219; D-010); zero in case skid-a From stream S219	5.073	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	Atlas: potassium hydroxide, 5 M in water, per kg of solution (Atlas unit proxy) (potassium hydroxide, 5 M solution, GLO)
Demineralised water (humidification, make-up) feed:WATER humidification water and Skid B's anolyte make-up (S102, S202, S222); the dilution water of the KOH fill and dose solutions is not in it: it is part of the KOH exchanges (gaps), and results/scenarios/<H>h/lca.json states it at this factor (DESIGN.md D-025) From streams S102, S202, S222	16.9	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	market for water, deionised (water, deionised, RoW) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Electric power (AC, grid) feed:POWER the rectifiers' AC (the stacks' DC over 0.95), the recirculation pumps, the compressors, the PSA and Skid B's dosing pump (Q101 to Q104, Q201 to Q204, Q206; scripts/skid_balance.py, ESTIMATES for the auxiliaries until the datasheets give them, D-012) electricity From streams Q101, Q102, Q103, Q104, Q201, Q202, Q203, Q204, Q206	34.54	kilowatt hour	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	market for electricity, medium voltage (electricity, medium voltage, DE, site location) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Anolyte bleed to the site effluent (Skid B) product:BLEED Skid B's anolyte bleed to the site effluent (S223, D-010); zero in case skid-a From stream S223	19.46	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	Atlas (plant): wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy) (wastewater, by mass, GLO) compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)
Spent anolyte at the end of the campaign (campaign-averaged, D-011) product:SPENT the anolyte left at the end of the campaign (S118, S218; campaign-averaged, D-011): KOH and K2CO3 in water, pH about 12 (Skid A) or 13.7 (Skid B) From streams S118, S218	0.5214	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	Atlas (plant): wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy) (wastewater, by mass, GLO) compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)
Cathode condensate with carbonate to the site effluent product:CONDENSATE the cathode condensate with the K+ that crossed the membrane as K2CO3 at 1 mol/kg, ASSUMED (S105, S205; D-012) From streams S105, S205	1.298	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	Atlas (plant): wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy) (wastewater, by mass, GLO) compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)
Cooling water return product:CW the stack heat removed by the coolers E-111 and E-211 (Q105, Q205; cheme process stack, isothermal by assumption, D-012) cold, 20 degC From streams Q105, Q205	22.09	kilowatt hour	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	Atlas: cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy) (heat rejected to cooling water, GLO)
Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 consumable:membrane-bpm 28 cells x 100 cm2 at 0.20 kg/m2 (ASSUMED: about 0.15 mm of ion-exchange polymer; no datasheet value is used), replaced with the stacks every 4000 h (process/cells.yaml stacks[].replacement.interval, ASSUMED); DESIGN.md D-026	1.389e-4	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Disposal: Bipolar membranes (Fumasep FBM), 28 x 100 cm2 (incineration of spent ion-exchange membrane) disposal:consumable.membrane-bpm ASSUMED: the membranes leave as waste with the stack refurbishment	1.389e-4	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Silver of the gas-diffusion cathodes, 28 x 100 cm2 consumable:cathode-gde-ag 28 cells x 100 cm2 x 100 nm of Ag (process/design-basis.yaml capacity.reference_cell, given) at the bulk density 10.49 g/cm3 (ASSUMED dense film): 1.049 g/m2; its carbon paper is the consumable cathode-gdl-carbon	7.284e-7	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 consumable:cathode-gdl-carbon 28 cells x 100 cm2 at 0.10 kg/m2 (ASSUMED: about 0.3 mm of carbon paper with its microporous layer; no datasheet value is used), the substrate of the Ag cathode (process/design-basis.yaml capacity.reference_cell), replaced with it every 4000 h; DESIGN.md D-024	6.944e-5	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Disposal: Carbon-paper gas-diffusion layers of the cathodes (Sigracet 39BB), 28 x 100 cm2 (burnt off by the precious-metal refiner in the silver recovery) disposal:consumable.cathode-gdl-carbon ASSUMED: the carbon paper goes with the cathodes to silver recovery, where it is burnt off	6.944e-5	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Nickel foam anodes, 28 x 100 cm2 consumable:anode-ni-foam 28 cells x 100 cm2 at 0.35 kg/m2 (ASSUMED areal mass of a nickel foam; the paper does not state the grade)	2.43e-4	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges

Elementary flows

Flow	Direction	Compartment	Amount	Unit	Provenance	Pedigree
Carbon dioxide, fossil 349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e From streams S111, S211	emission	air	1.711	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 1 3

The streams are the plant's own flows: an amount here is allocated and per 1 kilogram of Carbon monoxide, CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a), so it differs from the stream's flow, and it can sum several streams.

Where these numbers come from: each exchange names its source above; the dataset is processes/co2-electrolysis-bpm-1/lca/datasets/co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b.yaml in library version a3c52e4.

Used by

No other activity of this database links to it.

How good it is

Review: Not reviewed: no LCI review record yet
Data quality: not available
Mass and carbon closure: Not available: a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance
Change report: Not available: this build has no change report against an earlier release.

KPI benchmark positions

Not available: no benchmarked KPI for this dataset.

How to use it

Downloads

cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4.xlsx · bw2io ExcelImporter workbook (bw2io 0.9 Excel layout) · the whole database
code co2-electrolysis-bpm-1:co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b:product:CO
cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4-olca-jsonld.zip · openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema) (2) · the whole database
process e873dd44-5669-5073-a2d5-964113cb168b (processes/e873dd44-5669-5073-a2d5-964113cb168b.json)
cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4-multifunctional.json · Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package) (cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1) · the whole database
code co2-electrolysis-bpm-1:co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b:product:CO
cheme_as_code_lci-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl · the installer

A file with this activity alone is not available: each file above is the whole database, and the line under it says how to find this activity there.

import bw2data as bd
from cheme_as_code_lci import install

bd.projects.set_current("my-project")   # holds your licensed background + biosphere3
install("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4.xlsx", background="ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff", location="DE")
activity = bd.get_activity(("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4", "co2-electrolysis-bpm-1:co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b:product:CO"))

While any exchange of the database has no mapping, install() writes nothing and only lists the unlinked exchanges. So the last line finds no activity until the gaps are mapped: the download section gives the ways to use the database now.

How to cite

Carbon monoxide, CO product, >=0.99 mol/mol dry, 5.0 bar(a), from CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) (dataset co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-a3c52e4, activity co2-electrolysis-bpm-1:co2-electrolysis-to-co-two-0.1-kg-h-pilot-skids-reverse-bias-bpm-28-cells-of-100-cm2-each-skid-b:product:CO. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-a3c52e4.

DOI: none yet (the Process Atlas paper is in preparation)

For the data, cite the Process Atlas paper; for the platform that builds and checks it, the ChemE-as-Code paper.

Schweidtmann, A. M. & Weber, J. M. (2026, in preparation). Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title).

BibTeX

@unpublished{schweidtmann_process_atlas,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M. and Weber, Jana M.},
  title = {{Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://atlas.cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}

Schweidtmann, A. M. (2026). ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for Agentic AI in Chemical Engineering. arXiv:2611.07947. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2611.07947

BibTeX

@misc{schweidtmann_cheme_as_code,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M.},
  title = {{ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for Agentic AI in Chemical Engineering}},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2611.07947},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2611.07947},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07947}
}