Irreversible reaction

Ammonium chloride taken up by chlorosulfonic acid

NH4Cl+ClHO3SAMCS+HCl

Direction
Irreversible
Processes
1
Stated as
Rate law
Heat of reaction
ΔH = -20,000 kJ/kmol (one process)
Element balance
Checked: balances
As the processes state itStoichiometry, conversions, heats of reaction and catalyst windows are taken from each process's files with their provenance. The build checks only that each process's equation balances in every element, from the process's own component formulas; it does not check the numbers. A process's design maturity applies to them.

Species

SpeciesNameCASRoleCoefficient
NH4ClAmmonium chloride12125-02-9reactant-1
ClHO3SChlorosulfonic acid7790-94-5reactant-1
AMCSAmmonium chlorosulfate (dissolved)none (not merged across processes)product1
HClHydrogen chloride7647-01-0product1

In the processes

  • p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a)Concept · not reviewed

    SALT · Ammonium chloride taken up by chlorosulfonic acidNH4Cl + HSO3Cl → NH4SO3Cl + HCl

    Stated as
    Rate law
    Phase
    liquid
    Element balance
    Balances in every element
    Heat of reaction
    ΔH = -20,000 kJ/kmol at 298.15 K, as written (assumed: ASSUMED (D-005): the patent's charge warms to about 50 C as the salt is added (DE 1 912 956 A1, Example 1), which with 0.45 mol of salt in 1.5 mol of acid is of the order of -10 to -30 kJ per mol of salt; no calorimetric value found)
    Rate law
    basis: volume; driving: concentration; form: power_law; k: {"A":"1.51e4","Ea":40000}; orders: {"CSA":1,"NH4CL":1}; temperature range: 298.15 – 353.15 (assumed: ASSUMED fast effective rate (D-005): no open kinetics found (2026-11-05))

Sources

What the processes cite for this reaction, each source once: for the reaction itself, its conversion, its heat of reaction or its catalyst. As the processes write them; DOIs, US patent numbers and web addresses are linked.

  1. DE 1 912 956 A1 (Hoechst, 1969), Example 1: ammonium chloride added in portions to chlorosulfonic acid, hydrogen chloride escapes and the solution warms

    For the reaction · cited by p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a)

  2. ASSUMED (D-005): the patent's charge warms to about 50 C as the salt is added (DE 1 912 956 A1, Example 1), which with 0.45 mol of salt in 1.5 mol of acid is of the order of -10 to -30 kJ per mol of salt; no calorimetric value found

    For the heat of reaction · cited by p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a)