Nitrogen, liquid

Activity Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX), GLO: the inventory of 1 kilogram of its reference product, attributional, cut-off.

Calculation maturity: Balanced Design maturity: Screening (research)Not independently reviewedasu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LINReport a problem with this dataset
Research outputAn inventory from a research design at the design maturity its process states, not verified plant data: check its calculation maturity and review status before use. Background activities are referenced by name only; no background data is included. All caveats

What it is

Unallocated foreground LCI of ASU-1 (500 t/d GOX), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.

Reference product
1 kilogram of Nitrogen, liquid (liquid, 5.2 bar(a), -181 degC, 99.9202 % N2 (mole))
Chemical
nitrogen · grade lin
CAS
7727-37-9
Code
asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN
Dataset
asu-1-500-t-d-gox version 0.1.0 · UUID 62b30292-ab30-52de-8732-1ab497ca8477
Activity UUID
not available (the library assigns none; use the code)
Database
cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348 (version preview-c3ab348)
Process
Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)
Geography
GLO · background inputs with a site rule link at the user's site location (default DE)
Time period
2026 · valid until 2031
Technology
cryogenic double-column air separation, 500 t/d GOX, pumped liquid products, TSA front end
Boundary
gate-to-gate foreground of the plant with its construction
Production volume
175,224,000 kg/a (product:GOXP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a))
Classification
ISIC Rev.4 2011 (taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families)
CPC 34210 · HS 2804.30 (chemicals/chemicals.yaml (nitrogen))
System model
attributional, cut-off (docs/system-model.md, methodology 1.1.0)
Allocation
exergy, 2.9 % of the dataset to this product (rule physical-exergy, from mappings)
One cryogenic separation of air; GOX, GAN, LOX and LIN leave it in different thermodynamic states (compressed gas, gas at 9 bara, cold liquids), so exergy is the underlying physical relationship (hierarchy step 2a). Same method as the study (asu-1 DESIGN.md D-056), so the database and the study agree. Economic allocation would need prices (#46).
Rights
CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)

Exchanges per 1 kilogram of Nitrogen, liquid

As exported: allocated and scaled to the reference product. Provenance: 11 assumed, 17 calculated. Pedigree scores (1 best, 5 worst): reliability, completeness, temporal correlation, geographical correlation, further technological correlation.

InputAmountUnitProvenancePedigreeLinked to
Electric power (6.6 kV grid supply)
feed:POWER
grid supply at 33 kV (DESIGN.md D-036); no on-site generation
From streams E1, E2, E3, E4, E5
0.6445kilowatt hourassumed4 4 1 5 2market for electricity, high voltage (electricity, high voltage, DE, site location) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Cooling water return (heat rejected)
product:CW
heat rejected to the site cooling water system (pumping, fans, make-up)
From streams Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5
0.6602kilowatt hourcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy) (heat rejected to cooling water, GLO)
Structural steel
construction:steel
rack, structure, stair and platform steel of the take-off
1.769e-4kilogramcalculated3 4 1 5 2market for steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled (steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled, GLO) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Pipe
construction:pipe
pipe length by DN of the take-off
1.518e-6metercalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: process pipe, average DN, per m (Atlas screening proxy) (process pipe, installed, GLO)
Concrete
construction:concrete
plinths, foundations, ring walls of the take-off
5.652e-8cubic metercalculated3 4 1 5 2market for concrete, normal strength (concrete, normal strength, RoW) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Grating
construction:grating
platform grating of the take-off
1.822e-7square metercalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: steel grating, per m2 (Atlas screening proxy) (steel grating, GLO)
Pipe insulation
construction:insulation
cold and hot insulation of the take-off
9.362e-8square metercalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe insulation with aluminium cladding, per m2 (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe insulation, installed, GLO)
Valves
construction:valves
valves of the take-off, per piece
3.343e-8unitcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe fitting, installed, GLO)
Flanges
construction:flanges
per piece
1.152e-7unitcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe fitting, installed, GLO)
Gaskets
construction:gaskets
per piece
1.152e-7unitcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe fitting, installed, GLO)
Elbows
construction:elbows
per piece
2.337e-7unitcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe fitting, installed, GLO)
Tees
construction:tees
per piece
2.17e-8unitcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe fitting, installed, GLO)
Reducers
construction:reducers
per piece
2.932e-10unitcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe fitting, installed, GLO)
In-line items
construction:inline
per piece
2.053e-9unitcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe fitting, installed, GLO)
Aluminium equipment
construction:equipment-al
brazed and finned aluminium exchangers, cold box internals
3.724e-5kilogramassumed4 4 1 5 2market for aluminium, primary, ingot (aluminium, primary, ingot, IAI Area, EU27 & EFTA) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Carbon steel equipment
construction:equipment-cs
carbon steel shells and casings, by empty weight (mixed materials with a carbon steel part counted as carbon steel, D-081 (5))
1.336e-4kilogramassumed4 4 1 5 2market for steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled (steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled, GLO) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Stainless steel equipment
construction:equipment-ss
stainless items (material starting SS, no carbon steel part)
2.874e-5kilogramassumed4 4 1 5 2market for steel, chromium steel 18/8, hot rolled (steel, chromium steel 18/8, hot rolled, GLO) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Molecular sieve 13X and activated alumina (V-2101A/B)
consumable:molecular-sieve
ASSUMED: two beds of ~18 t (activated alumina under 13X, D-006) replaced every 6 years; to be confirmed by the adsorber supplier
4.399e-5kilogramassumed4 4 1 5 2market for zeolite, powder (zeolite, powder, GLO) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Lubricating oil (K-1101, K-4101, K-4102, K-3101)
consumable:lube-oil
ASSUMED: top-up and oil changes of the machines
1.466e-5kilogramassumed4 4 1 5 2market for lubricating oil (lubricating oil, RER) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Maintenance: Structural steel
maintenance:steel
ASSUMED: 1 %/a of the construction materials as spare parts and repairs
4.421e-5kilogramcalculated3 4 1 5 2market for steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled (steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled, GLO) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Maintenance: Pipe
maintenance:pipe
ASSUMED: 1 %/a of the construction materials as spare parts and repairs
3.795e-7metercalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: process pipe, average DN, per m (Atlas screening proxy) (process pipe, installed, GLO)
Maintenance: Pipe insulation
maintenance:insulation
ASSUMED: 1 %/a of the construction materials as spare parts and repairs
2.34e-8square metercalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe insulation with aluminium cladding, per m2 (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe insulation, installed, GLO)
Maintenance: Valves
maintenance:valves
ASSUMED: 1 %/a of the construction materials as spare parts and repairs
8.358e-9unitcalculated3 4 1 5 2Atlas: pipe fitting, flange or valve, average size, per piece (Atlas screening proxy) (pipe fitting, installed, GLO)
Maintenance: Aluminium equipment
maintenance:equipment-al
ASSUMED: 1 %/a of the construction materials as spare parts and repairs
9.311e-6kilogramassumed4 4 1 5 2market for aluminium, primary, ingot (aluminium, primary, ingot, IAI Area, EU27 & EFTA) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Maintenance: Carbon steel equipment
maintenance:equipment-cs
ASSUMED: 1 %/a of the construction materials as spare parts and repairs
3.339e-5kilogramassumed4 4 1 5 2market for steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled (steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled, GLO) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Maintenance: Stainless steel equipment
maintenance:equipment-ss
ASSUMED: 1 %/a of the construction materials as spare parts and repairs
7.185e-6kilogramassumed4 4 1 5 2market for steel, chromium steel 18/8, hot rolled (steel, chromium steel 18/8, hot rolled, GLO) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Transport (500 km)
transport:construction-to-site
ASSUMED: structural steel and equipment by lorry, 500 km (the take-off rows counted in m or pieces carry no mass)
1.882e-4ton kilometerassumed4 4 1 5 2market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified (transport, freight, lorry, unspecified, RER) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Transport (800 km)
transport:consumables-to-site
ASSUMED: adsorbent, oil and spares by lorry, 800 km
1.222e-4ton kilometerassumed4 4 1 5 2market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified (transport, freight, lorry, unspecified, RER) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)

Elementary flows

No elementary flows are exported for this activity (pass-through emissions and free inputs are left out, see the caveats).

The streams are the plant's own flows: an amount here is allocated and per 1 kilogram of Nitrogen, liquid, so it differs from the stream's flow, and it can sum several streams.

Where these numbers come from: each exchange names its source above; the dataset is processes/asu-1/lca/dataset.yaml in library version c3ab348.

Left out under the system model

  • end-of-life:steel-recycling: End-of-life steel scrap sent to recycling. Cut-off: the scrap leaves burden-free, the recycling belongs to the secondary steel that uses it, and no avoided-primary credit is given. ASU-1's dataset (end-of-life:steel-recycling) keeps the credit for the study's own question; the database leaves it out (database decision, process-library#52).
  • end-of-life:aluminium-recycling: End-of-life aluminium scrap sent to recycling. Cut-off, as steel-recycling: no credit in the default build (process-library#52).

Used by

How good it is

Review
Not reviewed: no LCI review record yet
Data quality
DQR 2.67 · PEF-style DQR 3
TeR 2 · GeR 5 · TiR 1 · P 3.98 · C 4 · weakest GeR · primary data 0 %
Mass and carbon closure
Assessed (lca/manifest.json balance, tolerance 5 %: design maturity screening (sourced screening))
  • lci-carbon-origin: not-assessable
  • lci-element-balance: not-assessable
  • lci-mass-balance: closed
  • element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:molecular-sieve (no composition), consumable:lube-oil (no composition)
  • carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:molecular-sieve (no composition), consumable:lube-oil (no composition)
Change report
Not available: this build has no change report against an earlier release.

KPI benchmark positions

KPIValueReference rangePosition
Cooling-water duty (heat rejected) per t of gaseous oxygen product
No open source found that states the cooling-water duty of a cryogenic air separation unit per t of oxygen product with its conditions: a web search of EU BREFs, IEA reports, open-access peer-reviewed papers and manufacturer literature on 2026-10-25 found compressor powers but no heat-rejection range. Most of the heat rejected is the compressors' shaft work (an energy balance, not a benchmark), so the KPI is reported without a range until a source is found. A second web search on 2026-10-30 (cooling-water consumption or heat rejection per t O2 of cryogenic ASUs) found none either.
– GJ/tnot availablenot evaluated
Oxygen recovery (O2 in the products per O2 in the air feed)– %97.85 to 97.85 %not evaluated
Specific electric power per t of gaseous oxygen product– kWh/t400 to 600 kWh/tnot evaluated

How to use it

Downloads

A file with this activity alone is not available: each file above is the whole database, and the line under it says how to find this activity there.

import bw2data as bd
from cheme_as_code_lci import install

bd.projects.set_current("my-project")   # holds your licensed background + biosphere3
install("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", background="ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff", location="DE")
activity = bd.get_activity(("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348", "asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN"))

While any exchange of the database has no mapping, install() writes nothing and only lists the unlinked exchanges. So the last line finds no activity until the gaps are mapped: the download section gives the ways to use the database now.

How to cite

Nitrogen, liquid, from Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) (dataset asu-1-500-t-d-gox 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity asu-1:asu-1-500-t-d-gox:product:LIN. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348.

DOI: none yet (the Process Atlas paper is in preparation)

For the data, cite the Process Atlas paper; for the platform that builds and checks it, the ChemE-as-Code paper.

Schweidtmann, A. M. & Weber, J. M. (2026, in preparation). Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title).

BibTeX
@unpublished{schweidtmann_process_atlas,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M. and Weber, Jana M.},
  title = {{Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://atlas.cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}

Schweidtmann, A. M. (2026, in preparation). ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for AI-Accelerated Chemical Process Engineering (working title).

BibTeX
@unpublished{schweidtmann_cheme_as_code,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M.},
  title = {{ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for AI-Accelerated Chemical Process Engineering (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}