Irreversible reaction

Carbonation and bicarbonate precipitation (carbonating towers)

Direction: Irreversible
Processes: 1
Stated as: Fixed conversion
Heat of reaction: ΔH = -83,600 kJ/kmol (one process)
Element balance: Checked: balances

As the processes state itStoichiometry, conversions, heats of reaction and catalyst windows are taken from each process's files with their provenance. The build checks only that each process's equation balances in every element, from the process's own component formulas; it does not check the numbers. A process's design maturity applies to them.

Species

Species	Name	CAS	Role	Coefficient
NaCl	Sodium chloride	7647-14-5	reactant	-1
NH₃	Ammonia	7664-41-7	reactant	-1
CO₂	Carbon dioxide	124-38-9	reactant	-1
H₂O	Water	7732-18-5	reactant	-1
NaHCO₃	Sodium bicarbonate	144-55-8	product	1
NH₄Cl	Ammonium chloride	12125-02-9	product	1

In the processes

Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)Concept · not reviewed
CARB · Carbonation and bicarbonate precipitation (carbonating towers)NaCl(aq) + NH3(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) → NaHCO3(s) + NH4Cl(aq)
Stated as
Fixed conversion
Phase
mixed
Element balance
Balances in every element
Conversion
73 % of NaCl (assumed: D-006: sodium utilisation of the towers, ASSUMED inside the range the Solvay literature reports (about 70-75 %), limited by the NaCl-NH4Cl-NaHCO3-NH4HCO3 reciprocal salt equilibrium)
Heat of reaction
ΔH = -83,600 kJ/kmol at 298.15 K, as written (assumed: formation enthalpies NaHCO3(s) -950.8, NH4Cl(aq) -299.7, NaCl(aq) -407.3, NH3(aq) -80.3, CO2(g) -393.5, H2O(l) -285.8 kJ/mol (NBS tables, D-007))

Sources

What the processes cite for this reaction, each source once: for the reaction itself, its conversion, its heat of reaction or its catalyst. As the processes write them; DOIs, US patent numbers and web addresses are linked.

D-006: sodium utilisation of the towers, ASSUMED inside the range the Solvay literature reports (about 70-75 %), limited by the NaCl-NH4Cl-NaHCO3-NH4HCO3 reciprocal salt equilibrium
For the conversion · cited by Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)
formation enthalpies NaHCO3(s) -950.8, NH4Cl(aq) -299.7, NaCl(aq) -407.3, NH3(aq) -80.3, CO2(g) -393.5, H2O(l) -285.8 kJ/mol (NBS tables, D-007)
For the heat of reaction · cited by Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)