Carbon dioxide

Made by

Used by

• Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)FeedstockConcept · not reviewed
• Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept)FeedstockConcept · not reviewed

Emitted by

• Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept)WasteConcept · not reviewed
• Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzeneEmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Flaring of methane-rich waste gasEmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a)EmissionConcept · not reviewed
• Wastewater treatment, activated sludgeEmissionConcept · not reviewed

Takes part in

• 2C₂H₂+5O₂→gives4CO₂+2H₂OProduct · one process
• 2C₂H₄+2HCl+3O₂→gives2CH₃Cl+2CO₂+2H₂OProduct · one process
• 2C₂H₆+7O₂→gives4CO₂+6H₂OProduct · Combustion of ethane · 4 processes
• 2C₄H₂+9O₂→gives8CO₂+2H₂OProduct · one process
• 2C₆H₆+15O₂→gives12CO₂+6H₂OProduct · one process
• 2CH₄O+3O₂→gives2CO₂+4H₂OProduct · 2 processes
• 2NaHCO₃+H₂SO₄→givesNa₂SO₄+2CO₂+2H₂OProduct · Neutralisation of the brine alkalinity by the acid (R-101) · one process
• 2NaHCO₃→givesNa₂CO₃+CO₂+H₂OProduct · Bicarbonate calcination (steam calciner) · one process
• 2CO+O₂→gives2CO₂Product · CO burn-off at the charge surface and in the hood · 8 processes
• 2Na₂S+2CO₂+3O₂→gives2Na₂CO₃+2SO₂Reactant · Sulfur release as SO2 to the flue gas · one process
• Na₂CO₃+2HCl→gives2NaCl+H₂O+CO₂Product · Neutralisation of excess carbonate with hydrochloric acid · one process
• 2NaEXT+53O₂→givesNa₂CO₃+39CO₂+29H₂OProduct · Combustion of resin soap · one process
• 2NaISA+12O₂→givesNa₂CO₃+11CO₂+11H₂OProduct · Combustion of sodium isosaccharinate · one process
• 2NaLIG+23O₂→givesNa₂CO₃+19CO₂+11H₂OProduct · Combustion of sodium lignate · one process
• 2NaOXL+22O₂→givesNa₂CO₃+19CO₂+11H₂OProduct · Combustion of oxidised sodium lignate · one process
• 4C₅H₉NO+27O₂→gives20CO₂+18H₂O+2N₂Product · one process
• 4CHN+5O₂→gives4CO₂+2H₂O+2N₂Product · one process
• 5CELL+24ClO₂+24NaOH→gives30CO₂+24NaCl+37H₂OProduct · Oxidation of carbohydrate by the ClO2 not used on lignin (yield loss) · one process
• C+O₂→givesCO₂Product · Coke combustion (lime kiln) · one process
• C₂H₂O+2O₂→gives2CO₂+H₂OProduct · one process
• C₂H₄+3O₂→gives2CO₂+2H₂OProduct · Total combustion of ethylene (side reaction, R-101) · 4 processes
• C₂H₄O₂+2O₂→gives2CO₂+2H₂OProduct · one process
• C₂H₄O₂→givesCH₄+CO₂Product · one process
• C₂H₆O+3O₂→gives2CO₂+3H₂OProduct · one process
• C₃H₈+5O₂→gives3CO₂+4H₂OProduct · Combustion of propane · 3 processes
• CaCO₃→givesCaO+CO₂Product · Lime mud calcination (biogenic carbonate carbon) · 2 processes
• CH₂O+O₂→givesCO₂+H₂OProduct · one process
• CH₄+2O₂→givesCO₂+2H₂OProduct · Natural gas combustion (calciner) · 10 processes
• 2NH₃+CO₂⇌in equilibrium withCH₄N₂O+H₂OReactant · one process
• CH₄N₂O+H₂O→gives2NH₃+CO₂Product · one process
• CO₂+3H₂⇌in equilibrium withCH₄O+H₂OReactant · one process
• CO+H₂O⇌in equilibrium withCO₂+H₂Product · 3 processes
• CO+H₂O→givesCO₂+H₂Product · one process
• CO₂+2NaOH→givesNa₂CO₃+H₂OReactant · Carbonation of residual alkali in the furnace · 2 processes
• CO₂+4H₂→givesCH₄+2H₂OReactant · one process
• NaCl+NH₃+CO₂+H₂O→givesNaHCO₃+NH₄ClReactant · Carbonation and bicarbonate precipitation (carbonating towers) · one process
• COCl₂+H₂O→givesCO₂+2HClProduct · one process
• Na₂CO₃+2HNO₃→gives2NaNO₃+CO₂+H₂OProduct · Neutralisation of the residual carbonate with nitric acid · one process
• Na₂CO₃+2NO₂→givesNaNO₂+NaNO₃+CO₂Product · Absorption of excess NO2 in soda solution to nitrite and nitrate (side reaction) · one process
• Na₂CO₃+NO+NO₂→gives2NaNO₂+CO₂Product · Absorption of equimolar NO + NO2 (N2O3) in soda solution to nitrite · one process