Aniline to storage

Activity Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h), GLO: the inventory of 1 kilogram of its reference product, attributional, cut-off.

Calculation maturity: not assessed Design maturity: Concept (research)Not independently reviewedaniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINEPreliminaryReport a problem with this dataset
Research outputAn inventory from a research design at the design maturity its process states, not verified plant data: check its calculation maturity and review status before use. Background activities are referenced by name only; no background data is included. All caveats

What it is

Unallocated foreground LCI of Aniline by gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.

Reference product
1 kilogram of Aniline to storage (3 bar(a), 40 degC, 99.7421 % ANL (mole))
Chemical
aniline
CAS
62-53-3
Code
aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE
Dataset
aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h version 0.1.0 · UUID 25406655-c160-5d60-ae6c-617e72b4865f
Activity UUID
not available (the library assigns none; use the code)
Database
cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348 (version preview-c3ab348)
Process
Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)
Geography
GLO · background inputs with a site rule link at the user's site location (default DE)
Time period
2026 · valid until 2031
Technology
adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene on Pd-V-Pb/alpha-alumina, H2/NB 60, steam raising, decanting, dehydration and vacuum distillation, process water stripping; 25 t/h aniline · level current
Boundary
gate-to-gate foreground of the plant
Production volume
210,000,000 kg/a (product:ANILINE per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a))
Classification
ISIC Rev.4 2011 (taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families)
System model
attributional, cut-off (docs/system-model.md, methodology 1.1.0)
Allocation
exergy, 98.2 % of the dataset to this product (rule deviation, from study)
Aniline and the steam are not products of one separation, so neither curated physical rule of the hierarchy fits exactly, and the WBCSD price ratio does not apply (the steam is counted in kWh, and no sourced prices exist at concept). Exergy is chosen because the library allocates exported steam by energy or exergy; energy (LHV) would charge the steam's enthalpy at the value of fuel, exergy charges its work potential (DESIGN.md D-013).
Rights
CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)

Exchanges per 1 kilogram of Aniline to storage

As exported: allocated and scaled to the reference product. Provenance: 7 assumed, 1 calculated. Pedigree scores (1 best, 5 worst): reliability, completeness, temporal correlation, geographical correlation, further technological correlation.

Preliminary4 exchanges are not yet linked to a background dataset. They count no burden, so the inventory is incomplete: do not read a result from it as complete.
InputAmountUnitProvenancePedigreeLinked to
Nitrobenzene from the nitration plant
feed:NBF
Nitrobenzene (S1, liquid, 500 kPa(a)) at the plant gate: connect to nitrobenzene production by mixed-acid nitration of benzene (benzene, nitric acid, sulfuric acid reconcentration, caustic washing and its wastewater), at plant, or to a future library nitrobenzene process. The chemicals registry has no nitrobenzene slug yet.
From stream S1
1.305kilogramassumed4 4 1 3 3unlinked
unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Hydrogen from the hydrogen plant (hydrogen-1)
feed:H2F
Hydrogen 99.9 mol% at 2850 kPa(a) (S2): connect to the library process hydrogen-1 (natural-gas steam reforming with PSA, product S17 of the same purity and pressure) once its dataset is published in the Atlas, or else to a market for hydrogen, gaseous, from steam methane reforming.
From stream S2
0.06623kilogramassumed4 4 1 3 3market for hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure (hydrogen, gaseous, low pressure, RER) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Electric power
feed:POWER
Electricity for the recycle gas circulator K-101, the nitrobenzene pump P-101 and the lumped column pumps and vacuum pump (Q1-Q3): connect to a market for electricity, medium voltage, of the site's country.
electricity
From streams Q1, Q2, Q3
0.2606kilowatt hourassumed4 4 1 3 3market for electricity, medium voltage (electricity, medium voltage, DE, site location) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Loop purge to the fuel gas header
product:FUELGAS
Loop purge (S12, 70 kg/h: 90 mol% H2, 5 mol% N2, water and traces of aniline and benzene) to the site fuel gas header. Classified as a waste for thermal treatment (conservative: its burden of combustion stays with aniline, no credit): 0.3 % of the output mass and about 1 MW LHV, 0.4 % of the aniline's heating value, too small to share burdens as a co-product (D-013). Connect to the combustion of a hydrogen-rich gas in a fired heater or boiler (NOx and the traces' CO2); its heating value displaces natural gas only in a substitution variant.
From stream S12
0.002764kilogramcalculated3 4 1 3 3unlinked
unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Low boilers and distillation residue to incineration
product:RESIDUE
Low-boiler draw (S18: benzene with its own mass of aniline) and distillation residue (S21: diphenylamine with aniline), 129 kg/h together: connect to incineration of hazardous organic liquid waste (with energy recovery if the site has it), per kg of waste of this elemental composition (C, H, N; no halogens or sulfur).
From streams S18, S21
0.005085kilogramassumed4 4 1 3 3unlinked
unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Stripped process water to wastewater treatment
product:WW
Stripped process water (S23, 9.7 t/h: 50 ppm(wt) aniline and about 0.1 wt% dissolved ammonia, the reaction water of the hydrogenation): connect to treatment of industrial wastewater in a biological plant, per m3 with its nitrogen and organic load (aniline is readily biodegradable in an adapted plant; its residual discharge is an emission of that treatment, not of this plant).
From stream S23
0.3813kilogramassumed4 4 1 3 3Atlas (plant): wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy) (wastewater, by mass, GLO)
compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)
Cooling water return
product:CW
Heat rejected to the site cooling water system (Q8-Q11: E-104 and the three column condensers and coolers, 298/308 K): connect to cooling water supply / heat rejection in an evaporative cooling tower (pumping and fan power, make-up water, blowdown, treatment chemicals), per kWh of heat removed.
cold, 25 degC
From streams Q8, Q12, Q9, Q10, Q11
1.352kilowatt hourassumed4 4 1 3 3Atlas (plant): cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy) (heat rejected to cooling water, GLO)
compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)
Pd-V-Pb on alpha-alumina hydrogenation catalyst (R-101)
consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst
ASSUMED: about 22 t in the bed (33.2 t/h nitrobenzene at the average loading of about 1.5 g per g catalyst and hour of US 2008/0234518 A1, example 3) replaced every 4 years; the patent's cycles of about 1100-1500 h end in an in-situ regeneration, not a replacement. Palladium about 0.9 mass% (the same example): about 0.2 t Pd per charge, recovered.
2.572e-5kilogramassumed4 4 1 3 3unlinked
unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges

Elementary flows

No elementary flows are exported for this activity (pass-through emissions and free inputs are left out, see the caveats).

The streams are the plant's own flows: an amount here is allocated and per 1 kilogram of Aniline to storage, so it differs from the stream's flow, and it can sum several streams.

Where these numbers come from: each exchange names its source above; the dataset is processes/aniline-1/lca/dataset.yaml in library version c3ab348.

Used by

No other activity of this database links to it.

How good it is

Review
Not reviewed: no LCI review record yet
Data quality
DQR 2.33 · PEF-style DQR 2.72
TeR 3 · GeR 3 · TiR 1 · P 3.88 · C 4 · weakest TeR · primary data 0 %
Mass and carbon closure
Assessed (lca/manifest.json balance, tolerance 5 %: design maturity concept (sourced screening))
  • lci-carbon-origin: not-assessable
  • lci-element-balance: not-assessable
  • lci-mass-balance: closed
  • element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition), disposal:consumable.hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition)
  • carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition), disposal:consumable.hydrogenation-catalyst (no composition)
Change report
Not available: this build has no change report against an earlier release.

KPI benchmark positions

Not available: no benchmarked KPI for this dataset.

How to use it

Downloads

A file with this activity alone is not available: each file above is the whole database, and the line under it says how to find this activity there.

import bw2data as bd
from cheme_as_code_lci import install

bd.projects.set_current("my-project")   # holds your licensed background + biosphere3
install("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", background="ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff", location="DE")
activity = bd.get_activity(("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348", "aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE"))

While any exchange of the database has no mapping, install() writes nothing and only lists the unlinked exchanges. So the last line finds no activity until the gaps are mapped: the download section gives the ways to use the database now.

How to cite

Aniline to storage, from Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) (dataset aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348.

DOI: none yet (the Process Atlas paper is in preparation)

For the data, cite the Process Atlas paper; for the platform that builds and checks it, the ChemE-as-Code paper.

Schweidtmann, A. M. & Weber, J. M. (2026, in preparation). Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title).

BibTeX
@unpublished{schweidtmann_process_atlas,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M. and Weber, Jana M.},
  title = {{Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://atlas.cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}

Schweidtmann, A. M. (2026, in preparation). ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for AI-Accelerated Chemical Process Engineering (working title).

BibTeX
@unpublished{schweidtmann_cheme_as_code,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M.},
  title = {{ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for AI-Accelerated Chemical Process Engineering (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}