Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC

What it is

Per 1 MWh of heat rejected from cooling water supplied at 25 degC and returned at 35 degC, in a mechanical-draught wet cooling tower. Make-up water, evaporation, drift and blowdown follow from the tower's air-side energy balance at an ASSUMED ambient state.

Reference product

1 kilowatt hour of Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC

Chemical

cooling-water

CAS

not available

Code

utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected

Dataset

cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35 version 0.1.0 · UUID 307fe45e-d6c5-5d7c-9600-3b2de11edc11

Activity UUID

not available (the library assigns none; use the code)

Database

cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348 (version preview-c3ab348)

Process

Cooling water, evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degC

Geography

GLO · background inputs with a site rule link at the user's site location (default DE)

Time period

2026 · valid until 2031

Technology

mechanical-draught evaporative (wet) cooling tower, open recirculating system · level current

Boundary

gate-to-gate: cooling tower, basin, circulating pumps; make-up withdrawn from nature, blowdown to wastewater treatment

Classification

ISIC Rev.4 3530, 3600 (taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families)

System model

attributional, cut-off (docs/system-model.md, methodology 1.1.0)

Allocation

mass, 100 % of the dataset to this product (rule single-output, from default)

one product: nothing to allocate

Rights

CC-BY-4.0

Exchanges per 1 kilowatt hour of Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC

As exported: allocated and scaled to the reference product. Provenance: 5 assumed. Pedigree scores (1 best, 5 worst): reliability, completeness, temporal correlation, geographical correlation, further technological correlation.

Elementary flows

Where these numbers come from: each exchange names its source above; the dataset is processes/utility-cooling-tower/lca/datasets/cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35.yaml in library version c3ab348.

Used by

• Acetaldehyde 99.9 wt% to storage acetaldehyde-1:acetaldehyde-one-stage-wacker-oxidation-of-ethylene-100-kt-a:product:PROD
• Glacial acetic acid to storage acetic-acid-1:acetic-acid-by-methanol-carbonylation-60-t-h-glacial-acetic-acid-ir-ru-low-water:product:HAC
• Acetic anhydride 99.5 wt% to storage acetic-anhydride-1:acetic-anhydride-by-acetic-acid-cracking-to-ketene-50-kt-a-concept:product:AC2O
• Acetone product acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:ACETONE
• Phenol product acetone-1:phenol-and-acetone-from-cumene-cumene-hydroperoxide-route:product:PHENOL
• Acetylene to the consumers (1.2 bar(a)) acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:ACETYLENE
• Synthesis gas (H2/CO) to the consumers acetylene-1:acetylene-by-partial-oxidation-of-natural-gas-with-nmp-recovery-6.25-t-h-acetylene-synthesis-gas-co-product:product:SYNGAS
• Aluminium oxide, Smelter-grade alumina to storage alumina-1:alumina-by-the-bayer-process-3000-t-d-smelter-grade-alumina:product:ALU
• Liquid ammonia product (refrigerated, to the battery limit) ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:NH3
• MP steam export (4600 kPa(a), 673 K) ammonia-1:ammonia-from-natural-gas-1500-t-d-steam-reforming-air-fed-secondary-reformer-haber-bosch-loop:product:STEAM
• Aniline to storage aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:ANILINE
• MP steam export (1500 kPa(a)), net of the reboilers aniline-1:aniline-by-gas-phase-hydrogenation-of-nitrobenzene-25-t-h:product:MPSX
• Bromine, dry (99.96 wt-% Br2) to storage bromine-1:bromine-from-bromide-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-and-steaming-out-3-750-kg-h-br2:product:BR2
• Dry chlorine gas to the consumer (400 kPa(a)) chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:CL2
• Hydrogen to the consumer or fuel (140 kPa(a)) chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:H2
• Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage chlor-alkali-1:chlor-alkali-membrane-cell-plant-100-kt-a-cl2-50-wt--naoh-h2:product:NAOH
• Chloromethane (methyl chloride), Methyl chloride product (liquid, to storage) chloromethane-1:chloromethane-from-methanol-and-hydrogen-chloride-gas-phase-hydrochlorination:product:MECL
• N,N-Dimethylformamide, DMF product to storage dmf-1:n-n-dimethylformamide-by-dma-carbonylation-50-kt-a:product:DMFP
• Anhydrous ethanol to storage ethanol-1:ethanol-by-direct-hydration-of-ethylene-100-000-t-a-anhydrous:product:ETOH
• Crude C4 cut ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:CRUDEC4
• Polymer-grade ethylene ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:ETHYLENE
• Polymer-grade propylene ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PROPYLENE
• Pyrolysis gasoline (C5/C6 cut) ethylene-1:ethylene-and-propylene-by-ethane-steam-cracking-1000-kt-a-ethylene:product:PYGAS
• Diethylene glycol to storage ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:DEG
• Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol), Monoethylene glycol to storage ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:MEG
• Triethylene glycol to storage ethylene-glycol-1:ethylene-glycol-by-ethylene-oxide-hydration-glycols-only-50-t-h-meg:product:TEG
• Formaldehyde, Formalin 50 wt% to storage formaldehyde-1:formaldehyde-formox-iron-molybdate-20-t-h-formalin-50-wt:product:FORMALIN
• Formic acid 85 wt% to storage formic-acid-1:formic-acid-85-wt-by-methyl-formate-hydrolysis-6.25-t-h-50-kt-a:product:FA
• Fatty-acid layer to the biodiesel plant glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:FAL
• Refined glycerol USP 99.7 wt% to storage glycerol-1:crude-glycerol-refining-to-usp-glycerol-10-000-t-a-99.7-wt:product:GLYC
• Benzene to storage hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:BENZENE
• Biphenyl (diphenyl) by-product hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:DIPHENYL
• Methane, PSA tail gas and stabiliser off-gas to the fuel gas header hda-1:toluene-hydrodealkylation-to-benzene-100-kt-a-thermal-hda:product:FUELGAS
• Hydrazine hydrate (64 wt% N2H4) hydrazine-1:hydrazine-hydrate-by-the-peroxide-pcuk-methyl-ethyl-ketazine-process:product:HH
• Hydrogen product 99.9 mol% to battery limit hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:H2
• Export steam 4300 kPa(a) 673 K hydrogen-1:hydrogen-by-steam-methane-reforming-100-000-nm3-h-psa-steam-export:product:STEAMX
• Hydrogen bromide, Hydrobromic acid 48 wt-% to storage hydrogen-bromide-1:hydrogen-bromide-synthesis-and-absorption-2.08-t-h-hydrobromic-acid-48-wt:product:HBRACID
• Hydrogen chloride, Hydrochloric acid 33 wt-% to storage hydrogen-chloride-1:hydrogen-chloride-synthesis-and-absorption-10-t-h-hydrochloric-acid-33-wt:product:HCLACID
• Hydrogen peroxide 50 wt% to storage hydrogen-peroxide-1:hydrogen-peroxide-anthraquinone-autoxidation-process-50-kt-a-h2o2-50-wt:product:PROD
• Hydroxylammonium sulfate solution 25.4 wt% to storage hydroxylamine-1:hydroxylammonium-sulfate-solution-by-no-hydrogenation-30-kt-a-nh2oh:product:PROD
• Iodine flakes (99.8 wt% I2) to packing iodine-1:iodine-from-natural-brine-by-chlorine-oxidation-air-blowing-out-and-so2-absorption-1000-t-a:product:IODINE
• DME-rich vents to the site fuel gas header isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:FUELGAS
• Heavy ends (C8 and MTBE) to the site fuel oil system isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:HEAVIES
• Isobutene (2-methylpropene), High-purity isobutene to storage isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:IBP
• Recovered methanol (co-product, back to MTBE synthesis or sale) isobutene-1:isobutene-by-mtbe-cracking-50-kt-a-gas-phase-cleavage:product:MEOHP
• Bleached kraft pulp, Bleached softwood kraft market pulp, 90 % dry (bales) kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP
• LP flash gas and topping-column off-gas to fuel gas methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:FUELGAS
• Methanol Grade AA to storage methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MEOH
• MP steam raised in the converter (2800 kPa(a)) methanol-1:methanol-synthesis-loop-and-purification-2500-t-d-grade-aa:product:MPS
• Anhydrous dimethylamine to storage methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:DMAP
• Methylamine (monomethylamine), Anhydrous monomethylamine to storage methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:MMAP
• Anhydrous trimethylamine to storage methylamines-1:methylamines-from-methanol-and-ammonia-8-t-h-mma-dma-tma:product:TMAP
• Natural gas liquids (C2+, ethane-propane mix) to NGL pipeline natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:NGL
• Sales gas to transmission pipeline (7000 kPa(a)) natural-gas-processing-1:natural-gas-processing-100-mmscf-d-rich-shale-gas-to-sales-gas-and-c2-ngl:product:SALESGAS
• Weak nitric acid 60 wt% to storage nitric-acid-1:weak-nitric-acid-dual-pressure-ammonia-oxidation-1000-t-d-hno3-as-60-wt-acid:product:ACID
• Liquid phosgene to the captive consumer phosgene-1:phosgene-from-co-and-chlorine-over-activated-carbon-17.3-t-h-liquid-phosgene-captive:product:PHOSGENE
• Phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride), Phosphorus oxychloride (distilled) to storage phosphorus-oxychloride-1:phosphorus-oxychloride-from-white-phosphorus-chlorine-and-oxygen-4.0-t-h-pocl3:product:POCL3
• Potassium permanganate (technical grade) to packing potassium-permanganate-1:potassium-permanganate-from-mno2-ore-by-koh-roasting-and-electrolytic-oxidation-1250-kg-h:product:KMNO4
• Silicon carbide, Metallurgical-grade SiC (88 wt%) silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:MET
• Silicon carbide, Crushed crude crystalline SiC (98 wt%) silicon-carbide-1:silicon-carbide-by-the-acheson-process-5000-kg-h-crude-sic-concept:product:SIC
• Sodium carbonate, Light soda ash to storage soda-ash-1:soda-ash-by-the-solvay-ammonia-soda-process-1000-t-d-light-soda-ash:product:SODA
• Solid sodium cyanide (98 wt%) to packing sodium-cyanide-1:solid-sodium-cyanide-from-andrussow-hcn-6.25-t-h-nacn:product:NACN
• Sodium nitrite, dried, 99.0 wt-% (to bagging and storage) sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO2
• Sodium nitrate, dried (co-product) sodium-nitrite-1:sodium-nitrite-from-ammonia-oxidation-and-soda-absorption-2.5-t-h-nano2-nano3-co-product:product:NANO3
• Sulfuric acid 98.5 wt% to storage sulfuric-acid-1:sulfuric-acid-sulfur-burning-double-contact-double-absorption-1000-t-d-h2so4:product:ACID
• Tetrahydrofuran, THF product to storage thf-1:tetrahydrofuran-from-1-4-butanediol-50-kt-a-cyclodehydration-and-pressure-swing-distillation:product:THFP
• Thionyl chloride to storage thionyl-chloride-1:thionyl-chloride-from-sulfur-chlorine-and-so2-over-activated-carbon-3.75-t-h:product:SOCL2
• Prilled urea to storage urea-1:urea-by-co2-stripping-total-recycle-prilling-2000-t-d:product:UREA
• Cold, chilled water supplied at 6 degC utility-chiller:chiller-chilled-water-6c:product:cold
• Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a) utility-instrument-air:instrument-air-8bara-dried:product:instrument-air

How good it is

Review

Not reviewed: no LCI review record yet

Data quality

not available

Mass and carbon closure

Not available: a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance

Change report

Not available: this build has no change report against an earlier release.

KPI benchmark positions

Not available: no benchmarked KPI for this dataset.

How to use it

Downloads

• cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx · bw2io ExcelImporter workbook (bw2io 0.9 Excel layout) · the whole database
  code utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected
• cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip · openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema) (2) · the whole database
  process 307fe45e-d6c5-5d7c-9600-3b2de11edc11 (processes/307fe45e-d6c5-5d7c-9600-3b2de11edc11.json)
• cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json · Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package) (cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1) · the whole database
  code utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected
• cheme_as_code_lci-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl · the installer

A file with this activity alone is not available: each file above is the whole database, and the line under it says how to find this activity there.

import bw2data as bd
from cheme_as_code_lci import install

bd.projects.set_current("my-project")   # holds your licensed background + biosphere3
install("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", background="ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff", location="DE")
activity = bd.get_activity(("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348", "utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected"))

While any exchange of the database has no mapping, install() writes nothing and only lists the unlinked exchanges. So the last line finds no activity until the gaps are mapped: the download section gives the ways to use the database now.

How to cite

Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC, from Cooling water, evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degC (dataset cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity utility-cooling-tower:cooling-tower-evaporative-25-35:product:heat-rejected. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348.

DOI: none yet (the Process Atlas paper is in preparation)

@unpublished{schweidtmann_process_atlas,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M. and Weber, Jana M.},
  title = {{Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://atlas.cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}

@unpublished{schweidtmann_cheme_as_code,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M.},
  title = {{ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for AI-Accelerated Chemical Process Engineering (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}