Benzoyl chloride to storage

What it is

Unallocated foreground LCI of Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.

Reference product

1 kilogram of Benzoyl chloride to storage (1.01325 bar(a), 35 degC, 99.9992 % BZCL (mole))

Chemical

benzoyl-chloride

CAS

98-88-4

Code

benzoyl-chloride-1:benzoyl-chloride-by-semi-batch-reaction-of-benzotrichloride-with-benzoic-acid-and-batch-vacuum-distillation-2000-t-a:product:BZCL

Dataset

benzoyl-chloride-by-semi-batch-reaction-of-benzotrichloride-with-benzoic-acid-and-batch-vacuum-distillation-2000-t-a version 0.1.0 · UUID 8ee73205-cfc5-5c01-ad87-47276bfbe882

Activity UUID

not available (the library assigns none; use the code)

Database

cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4 (version preview-a3c52e4)

Process

Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a)

Geography

GLO · background inputs with a site rule link at the user's site location (default DE)

Time period

2026 · valid until 2031

Technology

Batch plant: benzotrichloride dosed over 2 h into molten benzoic acid with zinc chloride at 413 K (semi-batch, 7 % acid excess), the HCl vented as it forms and absorbed to 30 wt% acid, the off-gas through a reflux condenser, the crude distilled at 5 kPa(a) in a batch still with a packed column (15 theoretical stages, reflux ratio 2); 1229 kg per batch, 1627 batches a year on a dedicated train · level current

Boundary

gate-to-gate foreground of the plant

Production volume

2,000,006 kg/a (product:BZCL per hour x operation.hours_per_year (7920 h/a))

Classification

ISIC Rev.4 2011 (taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families)

System model

attributional, cut-off (docs/system-model.md, methodology 1.1.0)

Allocation

shares, 100 % of the dataset to this product (rule deviation, from study)

The library hierarchy (docs/system-model.md) has no physical relationship here (the acid carries no energy content; no exergy, since no property package covers HCl-water), so the WBCSD rule applies. Merchant hydrochloric acid is priced well over five times below a fine acid chloride per kg, so the rule gives economic allocation, which would leave the acid a share of a few per cent. No prices are set at the concept stage (none sourced), so shares 1/0 stand for it until prices are; the acid's share is then small, not zero.

Rights

CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)

Exchanges per 1 kilogram of Benzoyl chloride to storage

As exported: allocated and scaled to the reference product. Provenance: 8 assumed, 2 calculated. Pedigree scores (1 best, 5 worst): reliability, completeness, temporal correlation, geographical correlation, further technological correlation.

Elementary flows

No elementary flows are exported for this activity (pass-through emissions and free inputs are left out, see the caveats).

The streams are the plant's own flows: an amount here is allocated and per 1 kilogram of Benzoyl chloride to storage, so it differs from the stream's flow, and it can sum several streams.

Where these numbers come from: each exchange names its source above; the dataset is processes/benzoyl-chloride-1/lca/dataset.yaml in library version a3c52e4.

Used by

No other activity of this database links to it.

How good it is

Review

Not reviewed: no LCI review record yet

Data quality

DQR 2.33 · PEF-style DQR 2.7

TeR 3 · GeR 3 · TiR 1 · P 3.8 · C 4 · weakest TeR · primary data 0 %

Mass and carbon closure

Assessed (lca/manifest.json balance, tolerance 5 %: design maturity concept (sourced screening))

• lci-carbon-origin: not-assessable
• lci-element-balance: not-assessable
• lci-mass-balance: closed

• element balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:nitrogen (no composition)
• carbon balance not assessable: no composition for consumable:nitrogen (no composition)

Change report

Not available: this build has no change report against an earlier release.

KPI benchmark positions

How to use it

Downloads

• cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4.xlsx · bw2io ExcelImporter workbook (bw2io 0.9 Excel layout) · the whole database
  code benzoyl-chloride-1:benzoyl-chloride-by-semi-batch-reaction-of-benzotrichloride-with-benzoic-acid-and-batch-vacuum-distillation-2000-t-a:product:BZCL
• cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4-olca-jsonld.zip · openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema) (2) · the whole database
  process 8ee73205-cfc5-5c01-ad87-47276bfbe882 (processes/8ee73205-cfc5-5c01-ad87-47276bfbe882.json) · the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it
• cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4-multifunctional.json · Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package) (cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1) · the whole database
  code benzoyl-chloride-1:benzoyl-chloride-by-semi-batch-reaction-of-benzotrichloride-with-benzoic-acid-and-batch-vacuum-distillation-2000-t-a · the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code
• cheme_as_code_lci-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl · the installer

A file with this activity alone is not available: each file above is the whole database, and the line under it says how to find this activity there.

import bw2data as bd
from cheme_as_code_lci import install

bd.projects.set_current("my-project")   # holds your licensed background + biosphere3
install("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4.xlsx", background="ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff", location="DE")
activity = bd.get_activity(("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4", "benzoyl-chloride-1:benzoyl-chloride-by-semi-batch-reaction-of-benzotrichloride-with-benzoic-acid-and-batch-vacuum-distillation-2000-t-a:product:BZCL"))

While any exchange of the database has no mapping, install() writes nothing and only lists the unlinked exchanges. So the last line finds no activity until the gaps are mapped: the download section gives the ways to use the database now.

How to cite

Benzoyl chloride to storage, from Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (dataset benzoyl-chloride-by-semi-batch-reaction-of-benzotrichloride-with-benzoic-acid-and-batch-vacuum-distillation-2000-t-a 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-a3c52e4, activity benzoyl-chloride-1:benzoyl-chloride-by-semi-batch-reaction-of-benzotrichloride-with-benzoic-acid-and-batch-vacuum-distillation-2000-t-a:product:BZCL. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-a3c52e4.

DOI: none yet (the Process Atlas paper is in preparation)

@unpublished{schweidtmann_process_atlas,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M. and Weber, Jana M.},
  title = {{Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://atlas.cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}

@misc{schweidtmann_cheme_as_code,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M.},
  title = {{ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for Agentic AI in Chemical Engineering}},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2611.07947},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2611.07947},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07947}
}