Reformate, C5+ (stabilised)

Activity Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR), RER: the inventory of 1 kilogram of its reference product, attributional, cut-off.

Calculation maturity: not assessed Design maturity: Concept (research)Not independently reviewedcatalytic-reforming-1:catalytic-reforming-ccr:product:reformatePreliminaryReport a problem with this dataset

Research outputAn inventory from a research design at the design maturity its process states, not verified plant data: check its calculation maturity and review status before use. Background activities are referenced by name only; no background data is included. All caveats

What it is

Per 1 t of C5+ reformate, gate-to-gate. Hydrogen, LPG and fuel gas are co-products. Utilities from the ranges of the EU REF BREF, hydrogen from its CCR figure, fuel gas from a patent's standard-CCR case; the feed and the LPG close the mass and hydrogen balances over pseudo-components with PRELIM's hydrogen contents.

Reference product: 1 kilogram of Reformate, C5+ (stabilised)
Chemical: reformate
CAS: not available
Code: catalytic-reforming-1:catalytic-reforming-ccr:product:reformate
Dataset: catalytic-reforming-ccr version 0.1.0 · UUID 9548469c-970d-5de0-ab5c-e5b51619a267
Activity UUID: not available (the library assigns none; use the code)
Database: cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4 (version preview-a3c52e4)
Process: Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR)
Geography: RER · background inputs with a site rule link at the user's site location (default DE)
Time period: 1997 · valid until 2015
Technology: low-pressure (3.5 to 10 bar) moving-bed reforming over Pt-Sn/alumina with continuous catalyst regeneration; semi-regenerative and cyclic units are not modelled · level current
Boundary: gate-to-gate: charge heater and interheaters, three to four moving-bed reactors, continuous regenerator, separators, recontacting and debutaniser; naphtha hydrotreating upstream is not included; fuel and power from outside
Classification: ISIC Rev.4 1920 (taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families)
System model: attributional, cut-off (docs/system-model.md, methodology 1.1.0)
Allocation: energy, 81.6 % of the dataset to this product (rule physical-energy, from mappings)
Reformate, hydrogen, LPG and fuel gas are fuels and hydrogen, so energy content (LHV) is the physical relationship (hierarchy step 2). LHVs as the dataset gives them: IPCC 2006 defaults, the registry's for hydrogen.
Rights: CC-BY-4.0

Exchanges per 1 kilogram of Reformate, C5+ (stabilised)

As exported: allocated and scaled to the reference product. Provenance: 3 calculated, 5 given, 1 assumed. Pedigree scores (1 best, 5 worst): reliability, completeness, temporal correlation, geographical correlation, further technological correlation.

Preliminary3 exchanges are not yet linked to a background dataset. They count no burden, so the inventory is incomplete: do not read a result from it as complete.

Input	Amount	Unit	Provenance	Pedigree	Linked to
Hydrotreated heavy naphtha feed:naphtha closes the hydrogen balance between the naphtha and the products over pseudo-formulas (ASSUMED): naphtha C9H20 (15.7 wt% H) and reformate C9H15 (12.3 wt% H) carry the hydrogen contents PRELIM assumes for hydrotreated naphtha and reformate (Abella, J.P., Motazedi, K., Bergerson, J.A. (2015) PRELIM v1.0 user guide and technical documentation, University of Calgary, Table 8, p. 53). The C5+ yield this gives, 0.866 kg/kg, is just above UOP's 82 to 86 wt% and below the patent's 87.4 wt% at RON 100 (benchmarks/refining.yaml). The LPG stays positive only while the reformate holds less than about 12.7 wt% H (README)	0.9417	kilogram	calculated	4 4 4 4 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (chemical 'naphtha'); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Electricity feed:electricity EU JRC (2015) REF BREF, EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758, Table 3.42, p. 171 electricity	0.03531	kilowatt hour	given	3 4 5 3 3	market for electricity, medium voltage (electricity, medium voltage, DE, site location) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Fired heat of the charge heater and interheaters (fuel fired, counted as heat) feed:fuel EU JRC (2015) REF BREF, EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758, Table 3.42, p. 171 (fuel fired, MJ/t); counted as heat delivered without a furnace efficiency (ASSUMED, an upper view) heat, fired heater	0.5624	kilowatt hour	given	3 4 5 3 3	Atlas: heat from natural gas, industrial furnace, per kWh (Atlas unit proxy) (heat from natural gas, by energy, GLO)
Heat rejected to cooling water output:cooling-water EU JRC (2015) REF BREF, EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758, Table 3.42, p. 171 (1 to 3 m3/t at a 10 K rise), times the water's heat capacity cold	0.02187	kilowatt hour	calculated	3 4 5 3 3	Atlas (plant): cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy) (heat rejected to cooling water, GLO) compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)
Water to the regeneration vent scrubber feed:water ASSUMED equal to the waste water, so that the water balance closes	0.001883	kilogram	assumed	4 4 4 4 4	market for water, deionised (water, deionised, RoW) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Waste water of the scrubber to treatment output:wastewater EU JRC (2015) REF BREF, EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758, 3.6, p. 172 (1 to 3 L/t feed, designs with a water or caustic scrubber)	0.001883	kilogram	given	3 4 4 3 3	Atlas (plant): wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy) (wastewater, by mass, GLO) compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)
Pt-Sn on alumina reforming catalyst, make-up input:catalyst EU JRC (2015) REF BREF, EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758, Table 3.42, p. 171 (1.35 t per Mt/yr, read as the yearly make-up); mass outside the element balance	1.271e-6	kilogram	given	3 4 5 3 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Spent reforming catalyst and fines, to platinum reclamation output:spent-catalyst equal to the make-up; the source says CCR fines go to platinum reclamation (EU JRC (2015) REF BREF, EUR 27140 EN, doi:10.2791/010758, 3.6, p. 172); mass outside the element balance	1.271e-6	kilogram	given	3 4 5 3 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges

Elementary flows

Flow	Direction	Compartment	Amount	Unit	Provenance	Pedigree
Carbon dioxide, fossil 349b29d1-3e58-4c66-98b9-9d1a076efd2e	emission	air	9.488e-4	kilogram	calculated	4 4 4 4 4

Where these numbers come from: each exchange names its source above; the dataset is processes/catalytic-reforming-1/lca/datasets/catalytic-reforming-ccr.yaml in library version a3c52e4.

Used by

Benzene, 99.8 % or more btx-1:btx-reformate-extraction:product:benzene
C9+ aromatics (heavy aromatics cut), C9+ aromatics (heavy cut), to gasoline blending btx-1:btx-reformate-extraction:product:c9-aromatics
Raffinate of aromatics extraction, Raffinate: non-aromatics with the unrecovered aromatics, to gasoline blending or steam cracking btx-1:btx-reformate-extraction:product:raffinate
Toluene btx-1:btx-reformate-extraction:product:toluene
Mixed xylenes (with ethylbenzene) btx-1:btx-reformate-extraction:product:xylenes

How good it is

Review: Not reviewed: no LCI review record yet
Data quality: not available
Mass and carbon closure: Not available: a hand-written dataset: no lca/manifest.json records its balance
Change report: Not available: this build has no change report against an earlier release.

KPI benchmark positions

KPI	Value	Reference range	Position
C5+ reformate per mass of reformer feed	– kg/kg	0.82 to 0.86 kg/kg ppPLUS (2025) UOP CCR Platforming, technology #T280, Technical specifications (citing Honeywell UOP datasheet UOP4523-2b, 2016) (manufacturer)	not evaluated
Net hydrogen per t of reformer feed	– kg/t	26.98 to 53.97 kg/t ppPLUS (2025) UOP CCR Platforming, technology #T280, Technical specifications (citing Honeywell UOP datasheet UOP4523-2b, 2016, and Morgan, E.R., Fifty years of CCR platforming, Honeywell UOP, 2021) (manufacturer)	not evaluated
Electricity per t of reformer feed No open per-tonne range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). The REF BREF range (Table 3.42, 25 to 50 kWh/t, all reformer types) is the dataset's own source. The US DOE bandwidth study (2015) gives onsite energy per barrel only.	– kWh/t	not available	not evaluated
Fuel fired per t of reformer feed No open per-tonne range independent of the dataset found (2026-11-05). The REF BREF range (Table 3.42, 1400 to 2900 MJ/t, all reformer types) is the dataset's own source. The US DOE bandwidth study (2015, Table 4-2) gives onsite energy per barrel only (file comment).	– MJ/t	not available	not evaluated

How to use it

Downloads

cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4.xlsx · bw2io ExcelImporter workbook (bw2io 0.9 Excel layout) · the whole database
code catalytic-reforming-1:catalytic-reforming-ccr:product:reformate
cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4-olca-jsonld.zip · openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema) (2) · the whole database
process 9548469c-970d-5de0-ab5c-e5b51619a267 (processes/9548469c-970d-5de0-ab5c-e5b51619a267.json) · the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it
cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4-multifunctional.json · Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package) (cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1) · the whole database
code catalytic-reforming-1:catalytic-reforming-ccr · the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code
cheme_as_code_lci-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl · the installer

A file with this activity alone is not available: each file above is the whole database, and the line under it says how to find this activity there.

import bw2data as bd
from cheme_as_code_lci import install

bd.projects.set_current("my-project")   # holds your licensed background + biosphere3
install("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4.xlsx", background="ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff", location="DE")
activity = bd.get_activity(("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-a3c52e4", "catalytic-reforming-1:catalytic-reforming-ccr:product:reformate"))

While any exchange of the database has no mapping, install() writes nothing and only lists the unlinked exchanges. So the last line finds no activity until the gaps are mapped: the download section gives the ways to use the database now.

How to cite

Reformate, C5+ (stabilised), from Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) (dataset catalytic-reforming-ccr 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-a3c52e4, activity catalytic-reforming-1:catalytic-reforming-ccr:product:reformate. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-a3c52e4.

DOI: none yet (the Process Atlas paper is in preparation)

For the data, cite the Process Atlas paper; for the platform that builds and checks it, the ChemE-as-Code paper.

Schweidtmann, A. M. & Weber, J. M. (2026, in preparation). Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title).

BibTeX

@unpublished{schweidtmann_process_atlas,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M. and Weber, Jana M.},
  title = {{Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://atlas.cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}

Schweidtmann, A. M. (2026). ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for Agentic AI in Chemical Engineering. arXiv:2611.07947. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2611.07947

BibTeX

@misc{schweidtmann_cheme_as_code,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M.},
  title = {{ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for Agentic AI in Chemical Engineering}},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2611.07947},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2611.07947},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07947}
}