Bleached kraft pulp, Bleached softwood kraft market pulp, 90 % dry (bales)

Activity Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept), GLO: the inventory of 1 kilogram of its reference product, attributional, cut-off.

Calculation maturity: not assessed Design maturity: Concept (research)Not independently reviewedkraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULPPreliminaryReport a problem with this dataset

Research outputAn inventory from a research design at the design maturity its process states, not verified plant data: check its calculation maturity and review status before use. Background activities are referenced by name only; no background data is included. All caveats

What it is

Unallocated foreground LCI of Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp), case design, derived from the flowsheet by cheme assess lca.

Reference product: 1 kilogram of Bleached kraft pulp, Bleached softwood kraft market pulp, 90 % dry (bales) (1.01325 bar(a), 40 degC, 76.0909 % CELL (mass))
Chemical: bleached-kraft-pulp
CAS: not available
Code: kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP
Dataset: bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp version 0.1.0 · UUID c91215e5-8239-5fb6-a9d3-2a788d89f37b
Activity UUID: not available (the library assigns none; use the code)
Database: cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348 (version preview-c3ab348)
Process: Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept)
Geography: GLO · background inputs with a site rule link at the user's site location (default DE)
Time period: 2026 · valid until 2031
Technology: Bleached softwood kraft market pulp: continuous digester, O2 delignification, ECF D0-EOP-D1, drying machine, 7-effect evaporation to 80 % solids, recovery boiler 84 bar with extraction back-pressure turbine and condensing tail, recausticizing, natural gas lime kiln; 1000 ADt/d · level current
Boundary: gate-to-gate foreground of the plant
Production volume: 350,000,280 kg/a (product:PULP per hour x operation.hours_per_year (8400 h/a))
Classification: ISIC Rev.4 2011 (taxonomy/families.yaml (ISIC Rev.4) of the process's families)
System model: attributional, cut-off (docs/system-model.md, methodology 1.1.0)
Allocation: shares, 100 % of the dataset to this product (rule deviation, from study)
The library hierarchy allocates exported electricity by energy or exergy (docs/system-model.md). Neither applies yet: the pulp has no declared energy content or exergy in this run (its heating value is not predicted, D-003), so energy allocation would put every burden on the electricity; the electricity is counted in kWh, so the WBCSD price ratio does not apply either. Substitution (crediting displaced grid electricity) cannot be exported as one activity per co-product and its avoided product is not linked (country not chosen, D-002). Shares 1/0 are the conservative choice for the pulp until the pulp's exergy is available (DESIGN.md D-014).
Rights: CC-BY-4.0: the ChemE-as-Code process library's own concept design (LICENSE-DATA)

Exchanges per 1 kilogram of Bleached kraft pulp, Bleached softwood kraft market pulp, 90 % dry (bales)

As exported: allocated and scaled to the reference product. Provenance: 18 assumed. Pedigree scores (1 best, 5 worst): reliability, completeness, temporal correlation, geographical correlation, further technological correlation.

Preliminary4 exchanges are not yet linked to a background dataset. They count no burden, so the inventory is incomplete: do not read a result from it as complete.

Input	Amount	Unit	Provenance	Pedigree	Linked to
Softwood chips, screened (50 % moisture) feed:CHIPS stream S1 (scripts/kraft_balance.py, D-003, D-004) From stream S1	4.091	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Sodium hydroxide 50 wt% (make-up to the O2 stage, bleaching alkali) feed:NAOH streams S6 (O2-stage make-up) and S15 (bleaching) (D-006, D-008) From streams S6, S15	0.04188	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	Atlas (pinned): Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage, GLO) compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; sodium-hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda 50 wt-% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation shares (deviation); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery
Oxygen (O2 delignification and EOP stage) feed:O2 streams S8 and S18 (D-006, D-008) From streams S8, S18	0.026	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	Atlas (pinned): Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg, GLO) compatible: grade the input names oxygen only; oxygen/gox-30barg-99.5 (Oxygen, gaseous, >= 99.5 mol%, 30 barg) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation exergy (physical-exergy); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery
Chlorine dioxide water, 10 g/kg (generated outside the boundary) feed:CLO2 stream S14 (D-008) From stream S14	1	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Hydrogen peroxide 50 wt% feed:H2O2 stream S16 (D-008) From stream S16	0.006	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	Atlas (pinned): Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Hydrogen peroxide 50 wt% to storage, GLO) compatible: grade the input names no chemical only; hydrogen-peroxide (Hydrogen peroxide 50 wt% to storage) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate (pinned): no distribution or losses; the consumer's dataset counts its delivery
Sulfuric acid 93 wt% feed:H2SO4 stream S17 (D-008) From stream S17	0.004301	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	market for sulfuric acid (sulfuric acid, RER) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Sodium sulfate (saltcake make-up) feed:SALT stream S27: sulfur make-up equal to the sulfur losses (D-006) From stream S27	0.003276	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Purchased burnt lime (Ca make-up) feed:CAO stream S35 (D-009) From stream S35	0.008393	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	unlinked unlinked, no technosphere mapping: no mapping (no chemical slug or factor id); add it to lci/mappings.yaml technosphere or to the process's lca/mappings.yaml exchanges
Natural gas (lime kiln fuel) feed:NG stream S43: 1.5 GJ/ADt (BREF 2015 sec. 3.2.2.6.2) (D-009) From stream S43	0.03	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	Atlas: natural gas, per kg, as methane (Atlas unit proxy) (natural gas, by mass, GLO)
Process water (fresh, treated) feed:FW streams S19 (bleach plant) and S48 (post-O2 washer) (D-006, D-008) From streams S19, S48	16.42	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	market for water, deionised (water, deionised, RoW) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Bleach plant effluent to the biological treatment plant product:WW stream S21: 18 m3/ADt (BREF 2015 sec. 3.3.8) (D-008) From stream S21	18	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	Atlas (plant): wastewater to treatment, per kg (Atlas unit proxy) (wastewater, by mass, GLO) compatible: grade the input names wastewater only; wastewater (Wastewater treated) is taken; unit kilogram; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)
Solid wastes to landfill (dregs, grits, lime mud purge) product:SW streams S32, S34, S41 (D-009; BREF 2015 Table 3.17: 10-20 kg/ADt dregs, grits and green liquor sludge and 10-20 kg/ADt lime purge) From streams S32, S34, S41	0.03789	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	market for inert waste, for final disposal (inert waste, for final disposal, RoW) in your background (default ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff)
Cooling water return product:CW Q8 (evaporator surface condenser) and Q9 (turbine condensing tail) (D-011) cold, 25 degC From streams Q8, Q9	1.266	kilowatt hour	assumed	4 4 1 3 3	Atlas (plant): cooling water service, per kWh heat rejected (Atlas screening proxy) (heat rejected to cooling water, GLO) compatible: grade the input names cooling-water only; cooling-water (Heat rejected to cooling water, 25/35 degC) is taken; unit kilowatt hour; carrier cold, 25 degC from cold, 25 degC; system model cutoff (one database); allocation mass (single-output); boundary plant gate of a site utility: no utility market yet (docs/markets.md)

Elementary flows

Flow	Direction	Compartment	Amount	Unit	Provenance	Pedigree
Carbon dioxide, fossil aa7cac3a-3625-41d4-bc54-33e2cf11ec46 From streams S29, S45, S50, S10, S22, S25	emission	air / non-urban air or from high stacks	0.0823	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3
Carbon dioxide, non-fossil d6235194-e4e6-4548-bfa3-ac095131aef4 From streams S29, S45, S50, S10, S22, S25	emission	air / non-urban air or from high stacks	2.305	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3
Nitrogen oxides 77357947-ccc5-438e-9996-95e65e1e1bce From streams S29, S45, S50, S10, S22, S25	emission	air / non-urban air or from high stacks	0.001605	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3
Dissolved solids cfecebe1-1e13-458d-85bc-d40a9f934927 From streams S29, S45, S50, S10, S22, S25	emission	water / surface water	2.986e-4	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3
Sulfur dioxide 78c3efe4-421c-4d30-82e4-b97ac5124993 From streams S29, S45, S50, S10, S22, S25	emission	air / non-urban air or from high stacks	2.026e-4	kilogram	assumed	4 4 1 3 3

The streams are the plant's own flows: an amount here is allocated and per 1 kilogram of Bleached kraft pulp, Bleached softwood kraft market pulp, 90 % dry (bales), so it differs from the stream's flow, and it can sum several streams.

Where these numbers come from: each exchange names its source above; the dataset is processes/kraft-pulp-1/lca/dataset.yaml in library version c3ab348.

Used by

No other activity of this database links to it.

How good it is

Review

Not reviewed: no LCI review record yet

Data quality

DQR 2.33 · PEF-style DQR 2.75

TeR 3 · GeR 3 · TiR 1 · P 4 · C 4 · weakest TeR · primary data 0 %

Mass and carbon closure

Assessed (lca/manifest.json balance, tolerance 5 %: design maturity concept (sourced screening))

lci-carbon-origin: closed
lci-element-balance: closed
lci-mass-balance: closed

Change report

Not available: this build has no change report against an earlier release.

KPI benchmark positions

Not available: no benchmarked KPI for this dataset.

How to use it

Downloads

cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx · bw2io ExcelImporter workbook (bw2io 0.9 Excel layout) · the whole database
code kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP
cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-olca-jsonld.zip · openLCA JSON-LD (olca-schema) (2) · the whole database
process c91215e5-8239-5fb6-a9d3-2a788d89f37b (processes/c91215e5-8239-5fb6-a9d3-2a788d89f37b.json) · the dataset's unallocated multi-output process; this product's allocation factor is in it
cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348-multifunctional.json · Brightway 2.5 multifunctional database (JSON, for the multifunctional package) (cheme-as-code/lci-multifunctional/v1) · the whole database
code kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp · the dataset unallocated, with all its products; this product is its desired_code
cheme_as_code_lci-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl · the installer

A file with this activity alone is not available: each file above is the whole database, and the line under it says how to find this activity there.

import bw2data as bd
from cheme_as_code_lci import install

bd.projects.set_current("my-project")   # holds your licensed background + biosphere3
install("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348.xlsx", background="ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff", location="DE")
activity = bd.get_activity(("cheme-as-code-atlas-preview-c3ab348", "kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP"))

While any exchange of the database has no mapping, install() writes nothing and only lists the unlinked exchanges. So the last line finds no activity until the gaps are mapped: the download section gives the ways to use the database now.

How to cite

Bleached kraft pulp, Bleached softwood kraft market pulp, 90 % dry (bales), from Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (dataset bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp 0.1.0), ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database preview-c3ab348, activity kraft-pulp-1:bleached-softwood-kraft-pulp-with-chemical-recovery-1000-adt-d-market-pulp:product:PULP. Cite the Process Atlas paper (in preparation, 2026), by Artur M. Schweidtmann and Jana M. Weber, and the ChemE-as-Code Process Atlas LCI database version preview-c3ab348.

DOI: none yet (the Process Atlas paper is in preparation)

For the data, cite the Process Atlas paper; for the platform that builds and checks it, the ChemE-as-Code paper.

Schweidtmann, A. M. & Weber, J. M. (2026, in preparation). Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title).

BibTeX

@unpublished{schweidtmann_process_atlas,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M. and Weber, Jana M.},
  title = {{Process Atlas: an open, git-native, reproducible library and life cycle inventory of chemical processes (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://atlas.cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}

Schweidtmann, A. M. (2026, in preparation). ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for AI-Accelerated Chemical Process Engineering (working title).

BibTeX

@unpublished{schweidtmann_cheme_as_code,
  author = {Schweidtmann, Artur M.},
  title = {{ChemE-as-Code: An Open-Source Platform for AI-Accelerated Chemical Process Engineering (working title)}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://cheme-as-code.org},
  note = {in preparation}
}