CH₄+H₂O⇌in equilibrium withCO+3H₂

Species

Also stated as each of CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2, CO + 3 H2 → CH4 + H2O (reversible and irreversible statements are kept apart).

In the processes

• Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)Concept · not reviewed

  SMRCH4 + H2O ⇌ CO + 3 H2

  Stated as

  Equilibrium

  Element balance

  Balances in every element

  Catalyst

  nickel reforming catalyst

• Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)Concept · not reviewed

  SMRCH4 + H2O ⇌ CO + 3 H2

  Stated as

  Equilibrium

  Element balance

  Balances in every element

  Heat of reaction

  ΔH = 205,831 kJ/kmol at 298.15 K, as written (given: standard formation enthalpies, 298.15 K (process/materials.yaml))

  Catalyst

  Nickel reforming catalyst · active phase Ni

  Operating window

  723.15–1,223.2 K (450–950 °C), 1,500–4,000 kPa (15–40 bar) (assumed: typical industrial range of the core reaction library entry steam_reforming; confirm with the vendor)

  Poisons

  sulfur compounds, chlorides

Sources

What the processes cite for this reaction, each source once: for the reaction itself, its conversion, its heat of reaction or its catalyst. As the processes write them; DOIs, US patent numbers and web addresses are linked.

1. cheme reaction library steam_reforming (Ullmann's; Twigg, Catalyst Handbook, 2nd ed., 1989)

   For the reaction · cited by Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)

2. cheme chemistry library steam_reforming (Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry; Twigg, Catalyst Handbook, 2nd ed., 1989)

   For the reaction · cited by Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)

3. standard formation enthalpies, 298.15 K (process/materials.yaml)

   For the heat of reaction · cited by Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)

4. Twigg (ed.), Catalyst Handbook, 2nd ed., Manson (1989), via cheme chemistry library steam_reforming

   For the catalyst · cited by Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)

Starter template

Templates bring the stoichiometry, the components and typical catalysts; most give no conversion or kinetics, and their sources are general references, not this reaction's processes.