Electricity

Made by

• Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept)Co-productConcept · not reviewed

Used by

• Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX)UtilityScreening · level Balanced · not reviewed
• Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propyleneUtilityConcept · not reviewed
• N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethyleneUtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammoniaUtilityConcept · level Balanced · not reviewedEvidence outdated
• N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzeneUtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Chilled water at 6 degC from an electric chillerFeedstockConcept · not reviewed
• Cooling water, evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degCUtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a)UtilityConcept · not reviewed
• Wastewater treatment, activated sludgeUtilityConcept · not reviewed

Routes compared