Process graph
Chemicals flow into processes and out again. Where one process makes what another uses, the two are linked: that is how value chains, and later linked life-cycle inventories, appear.
Loading the process graph…
Loading the process graph…
All links as a list (997)
- 1-Butene → High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) (Feedstock)
- 2-Ethylanthraquinone → Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Feedstock)
- 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran → Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Acetic acid → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Acetic acid → Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Acetic acid → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Acetic acid → Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification (Feedstock)
- Acetone → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Air → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Air → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Reactant)
- Air → Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (Feedstock)
- Air → Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation (Feedstock)
- Air → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Feedstock)
- Air → Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes (Feedstock)
- Air → Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) (Feedstock)
- Air → Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) (Feedstock)
- Air → Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) (Feedstock)
- Air → Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (Feedstock)
- Air → Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) (Feedstock)
- Air → Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Air → Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Air → Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle (Feedstock)
- Air → Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) (Feedstock)
- Air → Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Air → Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) (Feedstock)
- Air → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Feedstock)
- Air → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Air → Quicklime by calcination of limestone in a natural-gas-fired parallel flow regenerative kiln (Feedstock)
- Air → Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) (Feedstock)
- Air → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Feedstock)
- Air → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Utility)
- Air → Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP (Feedstock)
- Air → Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) (Feedstock)
- Air → High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) (Feedstock)
- Air → Polypropylene by Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of propylene, bulk loop and gas phase (Feedstock)
- Air → Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (Feedstock)
- Air → Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration) (Feedstock)
- Air → Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) (Feedstock)
- Air → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Feedstock)
- Air → Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Air → Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) (Feedstock)
- Air → Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (Feedstock)
- Air → Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit (Feedstock)
- Air → Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Air → Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification (Feedstock)
- Air → Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) (Feedstock)
- Air → Flaring of methane-rich waste gas (Feedstock)
- Air → Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a) (Feedstock)
- Air → Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a) (Feedstock)
- Air → Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) (Feedstock)
- Air → Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) (Feedstock)
- Aluminium fluoride → Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes (Feedstock)
- Aluminium oxide → Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes (Feedstock)
- Aluminium oxide → Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Ammonium hydroxide (aqueous ammonia, 25 wt% NH3) by continuous dilution of liquid ammonia in water (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Ammonium sulfate by direct neutralisation of ammonia with sulfuric acid (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Phthalimide by continuous reaction of molten phthalic anhydride with ammonia (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) (Feedstock)
- Ammonia → Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) (Reactant)
- Ammonium chloride → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Argon → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Atmospheric residue → Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) (Feedstock)
- Bauxite → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Feedstock)
- Benzene → Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene (Feedstock)
- Benzene → Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene (Feedstock)
- Benzoic acid → Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Benzotrichloride → Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Benzyl alcohol → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Feedstock)
- Benzyl chloride → Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution (Feedstock)
- Bromine → Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Bromine → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Bromine → Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) (Feedstock)
- Bromine → N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Bromine → Phosphorus tribromide by semi-batch bromination of white phosphorus in a PBr3 heel (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Bromomethane (methyl bromide) → Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Bromomethane (methyl bromide) → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Butane-1,4-diol → Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation) (Feedstock)
- Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Calcium chloride → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Calcium hydroxide → Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) (Feedstock)
- Calcium hydroxide → Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (Feedstock)
- Calcium oxide → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Feedstock)
- Calcium oxide → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Calcium oxide → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Calcium oxide → Propylene oxide by the chlorohydrin process with lime (Feedstock)
- Calcium oxide → Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) (Reactant)
- Carbon dioxide → CO2 conditioning of a high-purity source (ammonia CO2 stripper vent), compression and TEG drying (Feedstock)
- Carbon dioxide → CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) (Feedstock)
- Carbon dioxide → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Carbon dioxide → Fischer-Tropsch e-fuel from CO2 and hydrogen by reverse water-gas shift and cobalt FT synthesis (Feedstock)
- Carbon dioxide → Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (Feedstock)
- Carbon dioxide → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Feedstock)
- Carbon dioxide → Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) (Feedstock)
- Carbon monoxide → Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) (Feedstock)
- Carbon monoxide → N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (Feedstock)
- Carbon monoxide → Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Carbon monoxide → Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (Feedstock)
- Carbon monoxide → Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) (Feedstock)
- Chilled water → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Utility)
- Chilled water → Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) (Utility)
- Chlorine → Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Propylene oxide by the chlorohydrin process with lime (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine → Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) (Feedstock)
- Chlorine dioxide → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Chlorosulfonic acid → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Clay, shale and raw-meal correctives → Portland cement clinker in a dry rotary kiln with cyclone preheater and precalciner (Feedstock)
- Coking coal → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Cooling water → Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Ammonium hydroxide (aqueous ammonia, 25 wt% NH3) by continuous dilution of liquid ammonia in water (Utility)
- Cooling water → Ammonium sulfate by direct neutralisation of ammonia with sulfuric acid (Utility)
- Cooling water → Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia (Utility)
- Cooling water → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) (Utility)
- Cooling water → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Phosphorus tribromide by semi-batch bromination of white phosphorus in a PBr3 heel (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit (Utility)
- Cooling water → Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) (Utility)
- Cooling water → Chilled water at 6 degC from an electric chiller (Utility)
- Cooling water → Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a) (Utility)
- Copper → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Crude C4 cut → 1,3-Butadiene by extractive distillation of a steam-cracker crude C4 cut (Feedstock)
- Crude glycerol → Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Crude oil → Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) (Feedstock)
- Cumene → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Feedstock)
- Cyclohexane → Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation (Feedstock)
- Dimethylamine → N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (Feedstock)
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Dolomite → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Dolomite → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Feedstock)
- Electricity → Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Utility)
- Electricity → Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (Utility)
- Electricity → Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation (Utility)
- Electricity → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes (Utility)
- Electricity → Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) (Utility)
- Electricity → Ammonium hydroxide (aqueous ammonia, 25 wt% NH3) by continuous dilution of liquid ammonia in water (Utility)
- Electricity → Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia (Utility)
- Electricity → Ammonium sulfate by direct neutralisation of ammonia with sulfuric acid (Utility)
- Electricity → Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) (Utility)
- Electricity → Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) (Utility)
- Electricity → Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution (Utility)
- Electricity → Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Utility)
- Electricity → Bio-ethylene by catalytic dehydration of ethanol (adiabatic fixed beds, steam dilution) (Utility)
- Electricity → Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) (Utility)
- Electricity → Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate (Utility)
- Electricity → 1,3-Butadiene by extractive distillation of a steam-cracker crude C4 cut (Utility)
- Electricity → CO2 conditioning of a high-purity source (ammonia CO2 stripper vent), compression and TEG drying (Utility)
- Electricity → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) (Utility)
- Electricity → Portland cement clinker in a dry rotary kiln with cyclone preheater and precalciner (Utility)
- Electricity → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Utility)
- Electricity → Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) (Utility)
- Electricity → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene (Utility)
- Electricity → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (Utility)
- Electricity → Fischer-Tropsch e-fuel from CO2 and hydrogen by reverse water-gas shift and cobalt FT synthesis (Utility)
- Electricity → Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst) (Utility)
- Electricity → Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene (Utility)
- Electricity → Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (Utility)
- Electricity → Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) (Utility)
- Electricity → Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) (Utility)
- Electricity → Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) (Utility)
- Electricity → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle (Utility)
- Electricity → Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) (Utility)
- Electricity → Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) (Utility)
- Electricity → Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) (Utility)
- Electricity → Anhydrous hydrogen iodide by gas-phase catalytic synthesis from hydrogen and iodine (Utility)
- Electricity → Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Utility)
- Electricity → Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) (Utility)
- Electricity → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Utility)
- Electricity → Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Utility)
- Electricity → Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) (Utility)
- Electricity → Quicklime by calcination of limestone in a natural-gas-fired parallel flow regenerative kiln (Utility)
- Electricity → Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (Utility)
- Electricity → Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia (Utility)
- Electricity → Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) (Utility)
- Electricity → Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) (Utility)
- Electricity → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Utility)
- Electricity → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP (Utility)
- Electricity → Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) (Utility)
- Electricity → Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) (Utility)
- Electricity → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Utility)
- Electricity → Phosphorus tribromide by semi-batch bromination of white phosphorus in a PBr3 heel (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Phthalimide by continuous reaction of molten phthalic anhydride with ammonia (Utility)
- Electricity → Raw pyrolysis oil by continuous thermal pyrolysis of mixed polyolefin plastic waste (Utility)
- Electricity → High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) (Utility)
- Electricity → Polypropylene by Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of propylene, bulk loop and gas phase (Utility)
- Electricity → Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Propylene oxide by the chlorohydrin process with lime (Utility)
- Electricity → Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration) (Utility)
- Electricity → Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) (Utility)
- Electricity → Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) (Utility)
- Electricity → Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (Utility)
- Electricity → Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit (Utility)
- Electricity → Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) (Utility)
- Electricity → Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification (Utility)
- Electricity → tert-Butanol by direct hydration of isobutene over an acidic ion-exchange resin (Utility)
- Electricity → Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation) (Utility)
- Electricity → Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) (Utility)
- Electricity → Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) (Utility)
- Electricity → Chilled water at 6 degC from an electric chiller (Feedstock)
- Electricity → Cooling water, evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degC (Utility)
- Electricity → Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a) (Utility)
- Electricity → Wastewater treatment, activated sludge (Utility)
- Electricity → Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) (Utility)
- Ethane → Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (Feedstock)
- Ethanol → Bio-ethylene by catalytic dehydration of ethanol (adiabatic fixed beds, steam dilution) (Feedstock)
- Ethanol → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Ethylbenzene → Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (Feedstock)
- Ethylene → Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Ethylene → Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst) (Feedstock)
- Ethylene → Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene (Feedstock)
- Ethylene → Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (Feedstock)
- Ethylene → High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) (Feedstock)
- Ethylene → Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) (Feedstock)
- Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol) → Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP (Feedstock)
- Ferroalloys → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Waste gas to flare → Flaring of methane-rich waste gas (Feedstock)
- Gas oil (straight-run) → Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) (Feedstock)
- Hard coal → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Heavy fuel oil → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Hydrazine → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) (Reactant)
- Hydrogen → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Reactant)
- Hydrogen → Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Fischer-Tropsch e-fuel from CO2 and hydrogen by reverse water-gas shift and cobalt FT synthesis (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle (Reactant)
- Hydrogen → Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Anhydrous hydrogen iodide by gas-phase catalytic synthesis from hydrogen and iodine (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) (Reactant)
- Hydrogen → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen → High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen chloride → Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen chloride → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen chloride → Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen chloride → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen chloride → Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen peroxide → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen peroxide → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Hydrogen sulfide → Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit (Feedstock)
- Iodine → Anhydrous hydrogen iodide by gas-phase catalytic synthesis from hydrogen and iodine (Feedstock)
- Iodine → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Iodine → Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Iodomethane (methyl iodide) → Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) (Feedstock)
- Iron ore → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Iron ore pellets → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Isobutane (2-methylpropane) → High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) (Feedstock)
- Isobutene (2-methylpropene) → tert-Butanol by direct hydration of isobutene over an acidic ion-exchange resin (Feedstock)
- Isophthalic acid → Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP (Feedstock)
- Limestone → Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia (Feedstock)
- Limestone → Portland cement clinker in a dry rotary kiln with cyclone preheater and precalciner (Feedstock)
- Limestone → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Limestone → Quicklime by calcination of limestone in a natural-gas-fired parallel flow regenerative kiln (Feedstock)
- Limestone → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Feedstock)
- Magnesium → Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Manganese dioxide → Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (Feedstock)
- Metallurgical coke → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation (Utility)
- Methane → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle (Feedstock)
- Methane → Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Methane → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Quicklime by calcination of limestone in a natural-gas-fired parallel flow regenerative kiln (Feedstock)
- Methane → Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (Feedstock)
- Methane → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Feedstock)
- Methane → Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP (Feedstock)
- Methane → Polypropylene by Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of propylene, bulk loop and gas phase (Feedstock)
- Methane → Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (Feedstock)
- Methane → Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit (Feedstock)
- Methane → Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) (Feedstock)
- Methane → Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) (Feedstock)
- Methanol → Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) (Feedstock)
- Methanol → Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Methanol → Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Methanol → Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Methanol → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Methanol → Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia (Feedstock)
- Methanol → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) → Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) (Feedstock)
- Mixed polyolefin plastic waste → Raw pyrolysis oil by continuous thermal pyrolysis of mixed polyolefin plastic waste (Feedstock)
- Municipal solid waste, mixed → Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) (Feedstock)
- n-Hexane → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone → Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (Feedstock)
- Naphtha → Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) (Feedstock)
- Nitric acid → Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation (Feedstock)
- Nitric acid → Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia (Feedstock)
- Nitric acid → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Feedstock)
- Nitric acid → Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) (Feedstock)
- Nitrobenzene → Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Utility)
- Nitrogen → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Phosphorus tribromide by semi-batch bromination of white phosphorus in a PBr3 heel (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Polypropylene by Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of propylene, bulk loop and gas phase (Utility)
- Nitrogen → Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Nitrogen → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Oxygen → Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Oxygen → Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (Feedstock)
- Oxygen → Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (Feedstock)
- Oxygen → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Feedstock)
- Oxygen → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Oxygen → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Oxygen → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Oxygen → Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) (Feedstock)
- p-Toluenesulfonic acid → Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation) (Feedstock)
- p-Xylene → Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification (Feedstock)
- Petroleum coke → Portland cement clinker in a dry rotary kiln with cyclone preheater and precalciner (Feedstock)
- Petroleum coke → Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) (Feedstock)
- Phosgene → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Feedstock)
- Phosgene → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Phosphate rock → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Feedstock)
- Phosphate rock → Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) (Feedstock)
- Phosphorus → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Phosphorus → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Phosphorus → Phosphorus tribromide by semi-batch bromination of white phosphorus in a PBr3 heel (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Phosphorus trichloride → Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Phthalic anhydride → Phthalimide by continuous reaction of molten phthalic anhydride with ammonia (Feedstock)
- Potassium → Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Potassium chloride → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Feedstock)
- Potassium hydroxide → CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) (Feedstock)
- Potassium hydroxide → Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (Feedstock)
- Potassium tert-butoxide → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Prebaked carbon anode → Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes (Feedstock)
- Propane → Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration) (Feedstock)
- Propylene → Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene (Feedstock)
- Propylene → Polypropylene by Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of propylene, bulk loop and gas phase (Feedstock)
- Propylene → Propylene oxide by the chlorohydrin process with lime (Feedstock)
- Raw natural gas → Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) (Feedstock)
- Reformate → Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate (Feedstock)
- Silicon dioxide → Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) (Feedstock)
- Sodium carbonate → Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution (Feedstock)
- Sodium carbonate → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Feedstock)
- Sodium carbonate → Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) (Feedstock)
- Sodium chloride → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Feedstock)
- Sodium chloride → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium chloride → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Bio-ethylene by catalytic dehydration of ethanol (adiabatic fixed beds, steam dilution) (Reactant)
- Sodium hydroxide → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium hydroxide → Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Sodium methoxide → N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (Feedstock)
- Sodium methoxide → Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium nitrite → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sodium sulfate → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Sodium sulfite → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Feedstock)
- Sodium thiosulfate → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Steam → Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) (Utility)
- Steam → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Utility)
- Steam → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Utility)
- Steam → Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) (Utility)
- Steam → Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation (Utility)
- Steam → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Utility)
- Steam → Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia (Utility)
- Steam → Ammonium sulfate by direct neutralisation of ammonia with sulfuric acid (Utility)
- Steam → Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution (Utility)
- Steam → Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Utility)
- Steam → Bio-ethylene by catalytic dehydration of ethanol (adiabatic fixed beds, steam dilution) (Utility)
- Steam → Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) (Utility)
- Steam → Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate (Utility)
- Steam → 1,3-Butadiene by extractive distillation of a steam-cracker crude C4 cut (Utility)
- Steam → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Utility)
- Steam → Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene (Utility)
- Steam → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) (Utility)
- Steam → Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst) (Utility)
- Steam → Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene (Utility)
- Steam → Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (Utility)
- Steam → Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (Utility)
- Steam → Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) (Utility)
- Steam → Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) (Co-product)
- Steam → Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (Utility)
- Steam → Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) (Utility)
- Steam → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) (Utility)
- Steam → Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Utility)
- Steam → Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) (Utility)
- Steam → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Utility)
- Steam → Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) (Utility)
- Steam → Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (Co-product)
- Steam → Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) (Utility)
- Steam → Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia (Utility)
- Steam → Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) (Utility)
- Steam → Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) (Utility)
- Steam → NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime (Utility)
- Steam → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) (Utility)
- Steam → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Utility)
- Steam → Phosphorus tribromide by semi-batch bromination of white phosphorus in a PBr3 heel (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) (Utility)
- Steam → Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (Utility)
- Steam → Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Propylene oxide by the chlorohydrin process with lime (Utility)
- Steam → Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) (Utility)
- Steam → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Utility)
- Steam → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Utility)
- Steam → Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) (Utility)
- Steam → Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (Utility)
- Steam → Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) (Co-product)
- Steam → Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification (Utility)
- Steam → Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation) (Utility)
- Steam → Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) (Utility)
- Steam → Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) (Utility)
- Steam → Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) (Utility)
- Steel scrap → Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route (Feedstock)
- Succinimide → N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sulfur → Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Sulfur → Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Sulfur dioxide → Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sulfur dioxide → Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Ammonium sulfate by direct neutralisation of ammonia with sulfuric acid (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Sulfuric acid → Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) (Reactant)
- Sulfuric acid → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Terephthalic acid → Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP (Feedstock)
- tert-Butanol (2-methylpropan-2-ol) → Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Tetrabutylammonium bromide → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Toluene → Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Toluene → Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) (Feedstock)
- Toluene → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Toluene → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Triethyl phosphate → Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Triethylene glycol → CO2 conditioning of a high-purity source (ammonia CO2 stripper vent), compression and TEG drying (Feedstock)
- Triethylenediamine (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Triphenylphosphine → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Vacuum gas oil → Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) (Feedstock)
- Vacuum gas oil → Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle (Feedstock)
- Wastewater → Wastewater treatment, activated sludge (Feedstock)
- Water → Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) (Feedstock)
- Water → Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) (Feedstock)
- Water → Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) (Feedstock)
- Water → Ammonium hydroxide (aqueous ammonia, 25 wt% NH3) by continuous dilution of liquid ammonia in water (Feedstock)
- Water → Ammonium sulfate by direct neutralisation of ammonia with sulfuric acid (Feedstock)
- Water → Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution (Feedstock)
- Water → Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) (Feedstock)
- Water → Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) (Feedstock)
- Water → Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate (Feedstock)
- Water → CO2 conditioning of a high-purity source (ammonia CO2 stripper vent), compression and TEG drying (Feedstock)
- Water → Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) (Feedstock)
- Water → Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) (Feedstock)
- Water → CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) (Feedstock)
- Water → Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst) (Feedstock)
- Water → Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene (Feedstock)
- Water → Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) (Feedstock)
- Water → Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) (Feedstock)
- Water → Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Water → Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) (Feedstock)
- Water → Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle (Feedstock)
- Water → Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) (Feedstock)
- Water → Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) (Feedstock)
- Water → Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) (Feedstock)
- Water → Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Water → Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) (Feedstock)
- Water → Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) (Feedstock)
- Water → Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) (Feedstock)
- Water → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Water → N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) (Feedstock)
- Water → Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) (Feedstock)
- Water → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP (Feedstock)
- Water → Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) (Feedstock)
- Water → Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) (Feedstock)
- Water → Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Water → High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) (Feedstock)
- Water → Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) (Feedstock)
- Water → Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Propylene oxide by the chlorohydrin process with lime (Feedstock)
- Water → Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) (Feedstock)
- Water → Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) (Feedstock)
- Water → Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (Feedstock)
- Water → Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit (Feedstock)
- Water → Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) (Feedstock)
- Water → Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification (Feedstock)
- Water → tert-Butanol by direct hydration of isobutene over an acidic ion-exchange resin (Feedstock)
- Water → Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) (Feedstock)
- Water → Cooling water, evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degC (Feedstock)
- Water → Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a) (Feedstock)
- Water → Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) (Feedstock)
- White mineral oil (liquid paraffin) → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Wood chips → Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) (Feedstock)
- Zinc chloride → Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) (Feedstock)
- Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) → Acetaldehyde (Main product)
- Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Acetaldehyde by the one-stage Wacker oxidation of ethylene (100 kt/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) → Acetic acid (Main product)
- Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) → Carbon dioxide (Waste)
- Acetic acid by low-water iridium methanol carbonylation (60 t/h glacial acid, concept) → Methane (Waste)
- Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) → Acetic anhydride (Main product)
- Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Acetic anhydride by the ketene route (acetic acid cracking, 50 kt/a, concept) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) → Acetone (Main product)
- Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) → Air (Emission)
- Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) → Phenol (Co-product)
- Acetone and phenol from cumene (cumene hydroperoxide route, 200 kt/a phenol) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) → Acetyl chloride (Main product)
- Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) → Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) (Co-product)
- Acetyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of acetic acid with PCl3, phase split and batch distillation (2000 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) → Acetylene (Main product)
- Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) → Synthesis gas (Co-product)
- Acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas with NMP recovery (6.25 t/h, synthesis-gas co-product) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation → Adipic acid (Main product)
- Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation → Wastewater (Waste)
- Adipic acid from cyclohexane via KA oil and nitric acid oxidation → Water (Emission)
- Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) → Aluminium oxide (Main product)
- Alumina by the Bayer process (3000 t/d smelter-grade alumina, concept) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes → Aluminium (Main product)
- Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes → Sulfur dioxide (Emission)
- Primary aluminium by Hall-Heroult electrolysis with point-feed prebaked anodes → Wastewater (Waste)
- Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) → Ammonia (Main product)
- Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) → Steam (Co-product)
- Ammonia from natural gas (1500 t/d, steam reforming with air-fed secondary reformer, Haber-Bosch loop) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Ammonium hydroxide (aqueous ammonia, 25 wt% NH3) by continuous dilution of liquid ammonia in water → Ammonium hydroxide (Main product)
- Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia → Ammonium nitrate (Main product)
- Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia → Calcium ammonium nitrate (Main product)
- Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia → Wastewater (Waste)
- Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate by neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia → Water (Emission)
- Ammonium sulfate by direct neutralisation of ammonia with sulfuric acid → Ammonium sulfate (Main product)
- Ammonium sulfate by direct neutralisation of ammonia with sulfuric acid → Water (Emission)
- Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) → Aniline (Main product)
- Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) → Steam (Co-product)
- Aniline by adiabatic gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (25 t/h) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) → Argon (Emission)
- Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) → Nitrogen (Co-product)
- Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) → Nitrogen (Emission)
- Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) → Oxygen (Co-product)
- Cryogenic air separation unit (500 t/d GOX) → Oxygen (Main product)
- Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) → Benzoyl chloride (Main product)
- Benzoyl chloride by semi-batch reaction of benzotrichloride with benzoic acid and batch vacuum distillation (2000 t/a) → Hydrogen chloride (Co-product)
- Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution → Benzyl alcohol (Main product)
- Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Benzyl alcohol by continuous hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with soda solution → Wastewater (Waste)
- Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) → Benzyl bromide (Main product)
- Benzyl bromide by light-driven semi-batch bromination of toluene, HBr absorption and batch distillation (1000 t/a) → Hydrogen bromide (Co-product)
- Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) → Benzyl chloroformate (Main product)
- Benzyl chloroformate by semi-batch phosgenation of benzyl alcohol at reduced pressure (1000 t/a, batch) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Bio-ethylene by catalytic dehydration of ethanol (adiabatic fixed beds, steam dilution) → Ethylene (Main product)
- Bio-ethylene by catalytic dehydration of ethanol (adiabatic fixed beds, steam dilution) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) → Bromine (Main product)
- Bromine from bromide brine by chlorine oxidation and steaming-out (Smackover-type brine) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate → Raffinate of aromatics extraction (Co-product)
- Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate → Benzene (Main product)
- Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate → C9+ aromatics (heavy aromatics cut) (Co-product)
- Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate → Toluene (Co-product)
- Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate → Wastewater (Waste)
- Benzene, toluene and mixed xylenes by solvent extraction of catalytic reformate → Mixed xylenes (Co-product)
- 1,3-Butadiene by extractive distillation of a steam-cracker crude C4 cut → 1,3-Butadiene (Emission)
- 1,3-Butadiene by extractive distillation of a steam-cracker crude C4 cut → 1,3-Butadiene (Main product)
- 1,3-Butadiene by extractive distillation of a steam-cracker crude C4 cut → C3 and C4 acetylenes purge of butadiene extraction (Co-product)
- 1,3-Butadiene by extractive distillation of a steam-cracker crude C4 cut → Raffinate-1 (C4 raffinate) (Co-product)
- CO2 conditioning of a high-purity source (ammonia CO2 stripper vent), compression and TEG drying → Carbon dioxide (Main product)
- CO2 conditioning of a high-purity source (ammonia CO2 stripper vent), compression and TEG drying → Wastewater (Waste)
- CO2 conditioning of a high-purity source (ammonia CO2 stripper vent), compression and TEG drying → Water (Emission)
- Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) → Carbon tetrabromide (Main product)
- Carbon tetrabromide by semi-batch haloform bromination of acetone in aqueous hypobromite (314 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) → Hydrogen (Co-product)
- Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) → Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (Co-product)
- Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) → Refinery fuel gas (Co-product)
- Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) → Reformate (Main product)
- Catalytic reforming of naphtha with continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Portland cement clinker in a dry rotary kiln with cyclone preheater and precalciner → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Portland cement clinker in a dry rotary kiln with cyclone preheater and precalciner → Portland cement clinker (Main product)
- Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) → Chlorine (Main product)
- Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) → Hydrogen (Co-product)
- Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) → Sodium hydroxide (Co-product)
- Chlor-alkali by membrane-cell electrolysis (100 kt/a Cl2, 50 wt-% caustic soda, hydrogen) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) → Chloromethane (methyl chloride) (Main product)
- Chloromethane from methanol and hydrogen chloride (gas-phase hydrochlorination, 100 kt/a) → Nitrogen (Emission)
- CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) → Carbon monoxide (Main product)
- CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) → Hydrogen (Co-product)
- CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) → Oxygen (Co-product)
- CO2 electrolysis to CO in reverse-bias bipolar-membrane cells (measured bench cell, two pilot skids) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) → Copper(I) chloride (Main product)
- Copper(I) chloride by semi-batch chlorination of copper in brine, dilution precipitation and filter-drying (300 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Cumene by zeolite alkylation of benzene with propylene → Cumene (Main product)
- Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) → Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Main product)
- Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by semi-batch carbonation and phosgenation of potassium tert-butoxide (500 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) → N,N-Dimethylformamide (Main product)
- N,N-Dimethylformamide by carbonylation of dimethylamine (50 kt/a, sodium methoxide in methanol) → Nitrogen (Emission)
- Fischer-Tropsch e-fuel from CO2 and hydrogen by reverse water-gas shift and cobalt FT synthesis → Fischer-Tropsch liquid fuel (Main product)
- Fischer-Tropsch e-fuel from CO2 and hydrogen by reverse water-gas shift and cobalt FT synthesis → Wastewater (Waste)
- Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst) → Ethanol (Main product)
- Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst) → Waste gas to flare (Waste)
- Ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene (100 000 t/a anhydrous, phosphoric acid catalyst) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene → Ethylbenzene (Main product)
- Ethylbenzene by liquid-phase zeolite alkylation of benzene with ethylene → Wastewater (Waste)
- Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) → Crude C4 cut (Co-product)
- Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) → Ethylene (Main product)
- Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) → Propylene (Co-product)
- Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) → Pyrolysis gasoline (Co-product)
- Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) → Steam (Co-product)
- Ethylene and propylene by ethane steam cracking (1000 kt/a ethylene, concept) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) → Diethylene glycol (Co-product)
- Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) → Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol) (Main product)
- Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) → Triethylene glycol (Co-product)
- Ethylene glycol by ethylene oxide hydration (glycols-only EO/EG plant, 1200 t/d MEG) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Carbon monoxide (Emission)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → FCC gasoline (cracked naphtha) (Main product)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Heavy cycle oil and slurry oil (Co-product)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Light cycle oil (Co-product)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (Co-product)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Refinery fuel gas (Co-product)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Sulfur dioxide (Emission)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (full-combustion regenerator) → Water (Emission)
- Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Formaldehyde by methanol oxidation over iron molybdate (Formox type, 20 t/h formalin 50 wt%) → Formaldehyde (Main product)
- Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Formic acid 85 wt% by methanol carbonylation and methyl formate hydrolysis (50 kt/a) → Formic acid (Main product)
- Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) → Glycerol (Main product)
- Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) → Methanol (Co-product)
- Refined glycerol (USP) from biodiesel crude glycerol (10 000 t/a, concept) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) → Benzene (Main product)
- Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) → Biphenyl (Co-product)
- Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) → Hydrogen (Co-product)
- Toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene (100 kt/a, thermal HDA) → Methane (Co-product)
- Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) → Hydrazine (Main product)
- Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) → Oxygen (Emission)
- Hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process (PCUK, methyl ethyl ketazine route, 16 kt/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle → Hydrocracked products (LPG to diesel range) (Main product)
- Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle → Hydrogen sulfide (By-product)
- Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle → Refinery fuel gas (Co-product)
- Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle → Hydrocracker unconverted oil (bleed) (Co-product)
- Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle → Wastewater (Waste)
- Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, single-stage recycle → Water (Emission)
- Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) → Hydrogen (Main product)
- Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) → Steam (Co-product)
- Hydrogen by natural-gas steam methane reforming with PSA (100 000 Nm3/h, steam export) → Water (Waste)
- Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) → Hydrogen (Emission)
- Hydrogen bromide synthesis burner with catalytic finishing and absorption (48 wt-% hydrobromic acid) → Hydrogen bromide (Main product)
- Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) → Hydrogen (Emission)
- Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) → Hydrogen chloride (Main product)
- Hydrogen chloride synthesis burner and absorption (33 wt-% hydrochloric acid, steam recovery) → Steam (Co-product)
- Anhydrous hydrogen iodide by gas-phase catalytic synthesis from hydrogen and iodine → Hydrogen (Emission)
- Anhydrous hydrogen iodide by gas-phase catalytic synthesis from hydrogen and iodine → Hydrogen iodide (Main product)
- Anhydrous hydrogen iodide by gas-phase catalytic synthesis from hydrogen and iodine → Iodine (Emission)
- Anhydrous hydrogen iodide by gas-phase catalytic synthesis from hydrogen and iodine → Iodine (Waste)
- Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) → Hydrogen peroxide (Main product)
- Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) → Nitrogen (Emission)
- Hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone autoxidation process (50 kt/a H2O2, 50 wt%) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) → Diesel (desulfurised gas oil) (Main product)
- Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) → Hydrogen sulfide (By-product)
- Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Gas oil hydrodesulfurisation to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (fixed-bed CoMo hydrotreater) → Water (Emission)
- Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) → Hydroxylammonium sulfate (Main product)
- Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) → Nitrogen (Emission)
- Hydroxylammonium sulfate by catalytic NO hydrogenation (30 kt/a NH2OH, 25 wt% solution) → Steam (Co-product)
- Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) → Iodine (Main product)
- Iodine from natural iodide brine by chlorine oxidation, air blowing-out and SO2 absorption (1000 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) → Iodomethane (methyl iodide) (Main product)
- Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) → Phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid) (Waste)
- Iodomethane from methanol, red phosphorus and iodine, batch reflux reaction and batch distillation (500 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route → Benzene (By-product)
- Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route → Blast furnace slag (By-product)
- Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route → Coal tar (By-product)
- Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route → Crude steel (Main product)
- Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route → Steelmaking slag (By-product)
- Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route → Sulfur (By-product)
- Crude steel by the integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route → Wastewater (Waste)
- Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) → Isobutene (2-methylpropene) (Main product)
- Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) → Methanol (Co-product)
- Isobutene by MTBE cracking (50 kt/a, gas-phase cleavage) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) → Bleached kraft pulp (Main product)
- Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) → Electricity (Co-product)
- Bleached softwood kraft pulp with chemical recovery (1000 ADt/d market pulp, concept) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Quicklime by calcination of limestone in a natural-gas-fired parallel flow regenerative kiln → Calcium oxide (Co-product)
- Quicklime by calcination of limestone in a natural-gas-fired parallel flow regenerative kiln → Calcium oxide (Main product)
- Quicklime by calcination of limestone in a natural-gas-fired parallel flow regenerative kiln → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Quicklime by calcination of limestone in a natural-gas-fired parallel flow regenerative kiln → Water (Emission)
- Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) → Methanol (Main product)
- Methanol synthesis loop and purification (2500 t/d Grade AA, natural-gas syngas) → Water (Waste)
- Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia → Dimethylamine (Main product)
- Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia → Methylamine (monomethylamine) (Co-product)
- Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia → Trimethylamine (Co-product)
- Methylamines (MMA, DMA, TMA) from methanol and ammonia → Wastewater (Waste)
- Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-MeTHF by semi-batch Grignard reaction with methyl bromide gas dosing (4400 t/a) → Methylmagnesium bromide (Main product)
- Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by semi-batch quaternisation of PPh3 with methyl bromide in toluene (820 t/a) → Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (Main product)
- N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) → N-Bromosuccinimide (Main product)
- N-Bromosuccinimide by semi-batch bromination of succinimide in aqueous NaOH (500 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) → Methane (Emission)
- Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) → Methane (Main product)
- Natural gas processing (amine CO2 removal, TEG dehydration, turbo-expander NGL recovery) → Natural gas liquids (Co-product)
- Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) → Nitric acid (Main product)
- Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) → Nitrogen (Emission)
- Weak nitric acid by dual-pressure ammonia oxidation (1000 t/d HNO3 as 60 wt% acid) → Steam (Co-product)
- NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime → Ammonium nitrate (Co-product)
- NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime → Calcium carbonate (Co-product)
- NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime → NPK compound fertiliser (Main product)
- NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime → Silicon dioxide (By-product)
- NPK 15-15-15 by the nitrophosphate (ODDA) route, with CNTH conversion to ammonium nitrate and lime → Water (Emission)
- p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) → p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (Main product)
- p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride by semi-batch chlorosulfonation of toluene with a drown-out quench (1000 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP → Acetaldehyde (Emission)
- Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP → Polyethylene terephthalate (Main product)
- Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP → Wastewater (Waste)
- Polyethylene terephthalate by continuous PTA esterification, melt polycondensation and SSP → Water (Emission)
- Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) → Phosgene (Main product)
- Phosgene from CO and chlorine over activated carbon (17.3 t/h liquid phosgene, captive) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) → Fluosilicic acid (hexafluorosilicic acid) (By-product)
- Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) → Phosphogypsum (Waste)
- Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) → Phosphoric acid (Main product)
- Phosphoric acid by the wet dihydrate process (merchant grade, from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) → Phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride) (Main product)
- Phosphorus oxychloride from white phosphorus, chlorine and oxygen via PCl3 (4.0 t/h) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Phosphorus tribromide by semi-batch bromination of white phosphorus in a PBr3 heel (1000 t/a) → Phosphorus tribromide (Main product)
- Phthalimide by continuous reaction of molten phthalic anhydride with ammonia → Phthalimide (Main product)
- Phthalimide by continuous reaction of molten phthalic anhydride with ammonia → Wastewater (Waste)
- Raw pyrolysis oil by continuous thermal pyrolysis of mixed polyolefin plastic waste → Plastic pyrolysis gas (Co-product)
- Raw pyrolysis oil by continuous thermal pyrolysis of mixed polyolefin plastic waste → Plastic pyrolysis oil (Main product)
- Raw pyrolysis oil by continuous thermal pyrolysis of mixed polyolefin plastic waste → Pyrolysis char (Waste)
- High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) → Polyethylene (Main product)
- High-density polyethylene by low-pressure polymerisation of ethylene (European average) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Polypropylene by Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of propylene, bulk loop and gas phase → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Polypropylene by Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of propylene, bulk loop and gas phase → Polypropylene (Main product)
- Polypropylene by Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of propylene, bulk loop and gas phase → Water (Emission)
- Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) → Hydrogen (Emission)
- Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) → Potassium permanganate (Main product)
- Potassium permanganate from MnO2 ore by KOH roasting and electrolysis (1250 kg/h, concept) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) → Potassium tert-butoxide (Main product)
- Potassium tert-butoxide from potassium and dry tert-butanol, semi-batch with alcohol strip and vacuum drying (1000 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Propylene oxide by the chlorohydrin process with lime → Propylene oxide (Main product)
- Propylene oxide by the chlorohydrin process with lime → Wastewater (Waste)
- Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration) → Propylene (Main product)
- Propylene by catalytic propane dehydrogenation (moving bed with continuous catalyst regeneration) → Water (Emission)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Atmospheric residue (Co-product)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Gas oil (straight-run) (Main product)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Kerosene (Co-product)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (Co-product)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Naphtha (Co-product)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Refinery fuel gas (Co-product)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Vacuum gas oil (Co-product)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Vacuum residue (Co-product)
- Crude oil distillation, atmospheric and vacuum (crude and high vacuum units) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) → Silicon carbide (Co-product)
- Silicon carbide by the Acheson process (5000 kg/h crude SiC, concept) → Silicon carbide (Main product)
- Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) → Sodium carbonate (Main product)
- Soda ash by the Solvay ammonia-soda process (1000 t/d light ash, concept) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) → Nitrous oxide (Emission)
- Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) → Sodium azide (Main product)
- Sodium azide by the hydrazine / methyl nitrite route, batch, with precipitation from the reaction liquor (670 t/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) → Sodium cyanide (Main product)
- Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) → Steam (Co-product)
- Solid sodium cyanide from Andrussow HCN (6.25 t/h, 50 kt/a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) → Sodium nitrate (Co-product)
- Sodium nitrite from ammonia oxidation and soda absorption (with sodium nitrate by inversion) → Sodium nitrite (Main product)
- Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene → Benzene (Co-product)
- Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene → Styrene (Main product)
- Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene → Toluene (Co-product)
- Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene → Wastewater (Waste)
- Styrene by adiabatic catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene → Water (Emission)
- Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit → Steam (Co-product)
- Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit → Sulfur (Main product)
- Sulfur recovery from acid gas by the modified Claus process with a catalytic oxidation tail gas unit → Sulfur dioxide (Emission)
- Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) → Nitrogen (Emission)
- Sulfuric acid from sulfur burning, double contact / double absorption (1000 t/d, 98.5 wt%) → Sulfuric acid (Main product)
- Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification → Terephthalic acid (Main product)
- Purified terephthalic acid by air oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid and hydropurification → Wastewater (Waste)
- tert-Butanol by direct hydration of isobutene over an acidic ion-exchange resin → tert-Butanol (2-methylpropan-2-ol) (Main product)
- Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation) → Tetrahydrofuran (Main product)
- Tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol (50 kt/a, cyclodehydration and pressure-swing distillation) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) → Oxygen (Emission)
- Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) → Thionyl chloride (Main product)
- Thionyl chloride from sulfur, chlorine and SO2 over activated carbon (3.75 t/h) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) → Urea (Main product)
- Urea by CO2 stripping, total recycle, prilling (2000 t/d, concept) → Water (By-product)
- Chilled water at 6 degC from an electric chiller → Chilled water (Main product)
- Cooling water, evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degC → Cooling water (Main product)
- Cooling water, evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degC → Wastewater (Waste)
- Cooling water, evaporative cooling tower, 25/35 degC → Water (Emission)
- Flaring of methane-rich waste gas → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Flaring of methane-rich waste gas → Waste gas to flare (Main product)
- Flaring of methane-rich waste gas → Methane (Emission)
- Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a) → Instrument air (Main product)
- Instrument air, dried, 8 bar(a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a) → Steam (Main product)
- Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Steam generation, natural-gas boiler, saturated 11 bar(a) → Water (Emission)
- Wastewater treatment, activated sludge → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Wastewater treatment, activated sludge → Wastewater (Main product)
- Wastewater treatment, activated sludge → Water (Emission)
- Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) → Vinyl chloride (Main product)
- Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) → Wastewater (Waste)
- Vinyl chloride monomer by the balanced EDC process (direct chlorination and oxygen-based oxychlorination) → Water (Emission)
- Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) → Carbon dioxide (Emission)
- Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) → Electricity (Main product)
- Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) → Steam (Co-product)
- Waste incineration with energy recovery (mixed MSW, moving grate, heat-oriented CHP) → Water (Emission)